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《The Professional geographer》2013,65(1):86-94
Despite widespread interest in the relationship between the exercise of power and control of space, few current works in geography make explicit use of the concept of territoriality. This paper does so by considering the means by which the Los Angeles Police Department pursues its law enforcement and order maintenance functions through regulating space. I draw upon fieldwork observations of a single LAPD patrol division to demonstrate that officers regularly seek to govern the citizenry through controlling the spatial parameters of permissible action. The imperative toward effective territorial control is given further impetus within the subcultural world that officers construct; indeed, officers evaluate each other's competence in large part on their ability to manage activity within the spaces for which they are responsible. 相似文献
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Uma Kothari 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2006,27(3):235-253
This paper explores the spatiality of colonial and postcolonial power and discourse as produced, performed and imagined by former British colonial service officers and contemporary UK international development professionals. It focuses on two key aspects of spatial practices. The first addresses the spaces inhabited by these colonial officers and development professionals overseas and how their locatedness, embedded or enclavic, shapes relationships to others. The second explores this distinctive social and spatial distancing through their relationship to, and imagined geographies of, home and away and how these are embodied in their institutional and cultural capital. The paper examines the regularities and consistencies that stand out from numerous individual practices through which both former colonial officers and development professionals negotiate the situations in which they live and work. It also specifies how authoritative management, privilege and distance informs their spatial practices despite changing global contexts and a more diverse composition of those who articulate contemporary relationships between 'first' and 'third' worlds. Finally, the paper suggests that the cultures which travelled over colonial space through being performed by colonial officers have been reworked throughout the postcolonial period, belying epochal historical periodizations that conjure up a clear disjuncture between colonial and development eras. 相似文献
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Maria Borovnik 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2005,26(2):132-150
This paper aims to examine how seafarers from the Pacific Republic of Kiribati cope with the experience of working with crews of different nationalities, and, further, how the exposure to different cultures during their journeys through international waters influences both their own identity as well as their perceptions of I‐Kiribati culture. Based on examples from open and semi‐structured interviews with seafarers working on German merchant ships and Japanese fishing vessels, the paper questions the application of concepts of “hybridity” in the case of these I‐Kiribati men in favour of the idea of “cultural flexibility”. It further considers to what degree seafarers strongly rooted in the clearly confined cultural values of Kiribati have adapted the values received through their training and employment by German or Japanese and Korean companies and officers. The paper adds to the framework of transnationalism by advancing the notion of emporion, in which the circular and transversal journeys of seafarers are viewed as a connecting space between land‐based areas; a space which provides a basis for an extended knowledge and understanding of different cultural outlooks as well as relations between nations. 相似文献
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通过观察、问卷调查、访谈等质性研究方法分析疏导区政策出台的社会背景，梳理政策的详细内容，并以广州市荔湾区源溪社区流动摊贩疏导区为例，分析了疏导区的实践效应及面临的挑战。研究表明：疏导区政策是政府根据历史经验、兼顾多方利益主体出台的治理流动摊贩的手段，为摊贩提供了进入门槛低的合法经营空间，重新塑造了流动摊贩的空间分布和社区商业体系，提升了摊贩的认同感，便于城管规范管理，满足了更大范围的消费需求，存在一定的正面效应；但因噪音污染、管理不善等问题，疏导区的设立阻碍了社区环境的提升。由于用地临时性的弊端和所在社区定位升级的发展需求，源溪疏导区被要求撤销。案例显示：由于疏导区占用公共空间和所涉不同群体的利益无法协调等问题，疏导区政策并未帮助摊贩实现从非正规经济到正规经济的转变。因此，城市管理者可通过建立第三方组织，为疏导区利益相关群体建立沟通机制，合理地进行疏导区的选址和管理。 相似文献
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乡村地区的旅游发展带来乡村社会空间的快速变迁与重构。对此,现有研究主要侧重空间生产过程的分析,而空间生产与权力关系之间的联系尚未充分理论化。论文以丹霞山青湖塘村为例,借助领域化理论,分析了多元主体的领域化行为所引发的乡村旅游社区社会空间变迁,总结了其中交织的权力—空间关系及社会空间变迁机制。结果发现：乡村旅游社区社会空间变迁是一个持续的领域化过程,是由“领域的社会组织”与“社会的领域组织”之间的交互作用所引致的,在这个过程中,无论是自上而下的管控权力还是自下而上的抵制权力,只有通过领域建构实现空间化才能实现真正的控制,权力关系正是在空间化中实现了生产与再生产。基于此,论文对旅游地社会空间变迁中的“权力—空间关系”进行了初步理论化,并讨论了领域化分析对于旅游社区产权制度实践、旅游地空间治理等问题所具有的启示意义。 相似文献
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重庆市主城区物流园区空间布局及其对城市空间结构的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选择现代物流业相对发达的西部地区的中心城市—重庆主城区为典型案例,通过对物流园区实地调研与管理部门的访谈获取论证数据展开案例实证。重庆市主城区的物流园区的案例研究发现：① 物流园区的空间布局具有两大特征：一是围绕城市中心区外围布局,二是沿交通干线或重要交通设施布局;② 物流园区的自身建设是城市开发的重要组成部分,其空间布局对城市空间结构的影响一方面促进和引导城市建成区的向外扩张,另一方面体现在物流园区通过自身建设和对周边地区的带动改变城市的用地结构和内部用地功能。最后分析总结了物流园区对城市空间结构影响的4种机制：垄断机制、配套机制、地价机制和聚集机制。 相似文献
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Khadijah White 《Urban geography》2013,34(3):340-358
In this article, I analyze a recent conflict over drumming in a Harlem park to understand the ways in which cultural and racial symbols are employed in negotiations of space within cities. Specifically, I argue that racial belongingness—a racialized claim to space that exists outside of property rights and demarcated through iconography—can be used to both resist and facilitate gentrification in urban locales. The Harlem case illustrates how racial belongingness functions as a device that allows groups to contest power, representation, and access to public space across temporal, physical, and aural boundaries. Thus, I look closely at the city as a canvas and stage upon which passive forms of communication manifest in a racially and culturally coded fashion. Additionally, I argue that contemporary public space discourse is overly preoccupied with class, often neglecting the significance of race in the constitution and experience of urban space. 相似文献
9.
1990 年以来广州市摊贩空间政治的规训机制 总被引：16，自引：3，他引：13
近年来,针对某些群体的复仇型或后公正空间政治成为西方城市地理学理解20 世纪80 年代以来城市转型的重要理论。现有的研究注意到了这种空间政治嵌入地方的多样形态,但对其内含的对立性缺乏研究。中国社会转型过程中发生的现实空间矛盾为开展我国背景下的公共空间政治研究提供了源泉。本文基于列菲弗尔的基本空间理论,采用结构-能动的分析路径,运用宏观的政策和制度分析与对典型案例的观察、半结构式访谈、深度访谈相结合的综合方法,以摊贩现象为切入点对90 年代以来广州城市空间政治进行了研究。研究表明,一种排斥性公共空间政治内在地包含了由结构性的规训与能动性的反规训构成的对立性,这一特性在广州表现为：① 对摊贩的排斥性空间政治是作为解决发展的潜在危机而实施综合环境改善战略的组成部分而产生,并导致一种更为明显的“全景敞视主义”式规训机制的形成。② 对立的空间通过摊贩日常式的伺机而动和温顺的不遵守与插曲式的个体暴力和集体行动而形成,结果战略空间被重构为以维持个体生存、摆脱贫困和追求自由为目的的工具空间。这种对立性在根源上是一种社会产物,而产生的实际冲突状况则将取决于空间发展观念及规训策略与反规训力量两者之间的对抗或协调程度。 相似文献
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Andrew Gorman-Murray 《The Australian geographer》2007,38(2):195-213
The Australian home is a crucial site for both normalising and contesting acceptable modes of sexual identity, desire and behaviour. Social norms and government policies have imbricated the detached suburban dwelling with the heterosexual nuclear family form, consequently heterosexualising the ideal Australian home. But this discourse is simultaneously challenged by the domestic practices of gay men and lesbians, who use their homes to consolidate gay/lesbian identities, relationships and communities. As such, they unsettle the normative heterosexuality underpinning dominant, ideal conceptions of home. In this paper I present four vignettes which illustrate how some gay men and lesbians queer the ideal Australian home, generating domestic spaces which affirm sexual difference. In doing so, I highlight two key ways in which this process of ‘queering home’ works. First, through certain uses of home—activities taking place within domestic space. Second, through changes to the materiality of domestic space itself wrought by some homemaking practices, effectively embedding gay/lesbian identities and relationships within the physical environment of the home. 相似文献
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Jonathan L. Goodall David R. Maidment 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(2):233-247
Despite a long history of synergy, current techniques for integrating Geographic Information System (GIS) software with hydrologic simulation models do not fully utilize the potential of GIS for modeling hydrologic systems. Part of the reason for this is a lack of GIS data models appropriate for representing fluid flow in space and time. Here we address this challenge by proposing a spatiotemporal data model designed specifically for large‐scale river basin systems. The data model builds from core concepts in geographic information science and extends these concepts to accommodate mathematical representations of fluid flow at a regional scale. Space–time is abstracted into three basic objects relevant to hydrologic systems: a control volume, a flux and a flux coupler. A control volume is capable of storing mass, energy or momentum through time, a flux represents the movement of these quantities within space–time and a flux coupler insures conservation of the quantities within an overall system. To demonstrate the data model, a simple case study is presented to show how the data model could be applied to digitally represent a river basin system. 相似文献
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现象学着重关注人的经验问题。在绅士化失所研究领域里,当研究视角从关注物质空间转变为空间经验时,“生活世界”成为了基本的出发点,这体现为从“直接性失所”往“间接性失所”的转变。以列斐伏尔的“表征的空间”为基础,围绕象征要素对失所经验展开定性分析则成为主要的研究路径。以此方法论,对重庆市下浩历史文化社区经历绅士化凸显出的失所经验进行分析,发现：1）失所经验在社区原住民、移民与游客群体中具有不同的表现方式。原住民的失所经验体现为其世代传承地方要素的丧失,导致“存在内部性”的丧失;移民的失所经验表现为移情载体的消失,导致其自由生活方式的丧失;游客的失所经验体现为彻底商业化导致其寻根体验地的消亡。2）移民在社区中开展的文化商业活动起到了嫁接内部本真社会空间与外部消费空间的作用,导致本真“社会空间”被中产阶级消费空间所置换。 相似文献
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现代性、全球化和城市化催生了当代的怀旧现象并使其成为国内外学界关注的重要话题。涵盖人们衣食住行和精神文化消费领域的怀旧消费风靡全球,以城市怀旧为主题的特殊消费空间和文化空间作为怀旧消费实践过程中的时空综合体,其地方建构的过程及社会文化意义值得文化地理学者进行探讨。文章以广州百年老字号西餐厅太平馆为案例,通过参与式观察和半结构式访谈等质性研究方法,并收集相关媒体报道作为资料来源。从怀旧餐厅的物质空间建构和情感空间建构2个维度对其地方建构的过程,以及此空间与消费者之间的互动关系进行探究。研究表明,太平馆作为怀旧消费空间,经营者通过对物质空间的主体性建构再现地方记忆,使得地方感得以再生产;而与此同时消费者则通过在怀旧空间中的消费实践获得归属和认同等情感体验,并成为了情感空间建构的积极主体,通过对太平馆的地方依恋与地方认同积极推动怀旧地方的持续建构。 相似文献
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基于跨国宗族网络与地方意义营造的视角,以汕头市澄海区前美村为案例,试图挖掘充满地方意义的侨乡在外部政治经济体制和地方文化社会相互作用下的地方社会建构和营造过程。研究使用文本分析、深度访谈和实地观察等质性研究方法,揭示了作为“地方”的侨乡所具有的丰富的地方意义,以及地方意义建构过程中以跨国宗族网络为主社会关系之不断演替的机制所在。研究发现,前美村的空间和地方意义被不断地重构,而作为空间表征的“侨乡”也在不同时期的不同社会关系的空间实践下表达出不同的文化意义和地方意象。相较于以往各学科的侨乡研究,本文重视以往长期为学界所忽视的侨乡的空间和地方意义,从空间、地方和人的动态关系这一重要的地理纬度对侨乡内在的深刻社会文化进程进行了探讨。 相似文献
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Whilst analysis of crime for tactical and strategic reasons within the criminal justice arena has now become an established need, predictive analysis of crime remains, and probably always will be, a goal to be desired. Opening a window on this over the last 2 decades, prominent research from academia has focused on the phenomenon of repeat victimisation and more recently ‘near repeat’ victimisation, both firmly grounded in the geography of crime. Somewhat limited to the establishment of near repeat behavioural patterns in whole area data, these can be utilised for crime prevention responses on a local scale. Research reported here however, explores the phenomenon through the examination of serial offending by individual offenders to establish if such spatio-temporal patterns are apparent in the spatial behavioural patterns of the individual burglar, and if so how they may be defined and therefore utilised on a micro rather than macro scale. It is hypothesised that offenders' responsible for more than one series of offences will display consistency across their crime series within time and distance parameters for their closest offences in space. Results improve upon current knowledge concerning near repeat offending being the actions of common offenders. Testing of the extracted data indicates that offenders maintain personal boundaries of ‘closeness’ in time and space even when actions are separated by significant time spans, creating stylised behavioural signatures appertaining to their use of and movement through space when offending. 相似文献
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Terence Heng 《Geographical review》2016,106(2):215-234
Although there has been significant work done on the creation of sacred space in residential housing, not enough attention has been paid to a particular segment of Chinese religion leadership in Singapore – spirit mediums – and the processes in which they practice within the political ideology of the modernist Singaporean state. In this paper, I will show how spirit mediums operate within “unofficially sacred” spaces, specifically house temples that subvert and resist functionalist policies of the Singapore state. Using two visually focussed, participant‐observation case studies, I will argue that this subversion is sustained in two inter‐related ways—one, through the visual comportment of the spirit medium's body through behavior and aesthetic markers and two, through the social prominence of the spirit medium when he or she is in a trance. These two factors come together to temporally displace the importance of the physical location, allowing a spirit medium to operate in any location, “official” or “unofficial.” 相似文献
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Alan Latham 《Area》1999,31(2):161-168
Summary This paper explores the dynamics of engagement and disengagement within urban space. It argues that a certain capacity to encounter the world around the self in an active, creative way is central to the self's ability to recognize and care about the places it inhabits and the people encountered within those places. Drawing on the work of Donald Winnicott and Jessica Benjamin, it outlines a framework of self-other psycho-dynamics through which this active, creative encountering may be understood, and examines the violence of indifference that occurs when this everyday creativity is absent. 相似文献
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PAUL C. ADAMS 《Geographical review》1997,87(2):155-171
ABSTRACT. Computer networks are often described in terms that imply a virtual space or place: electronic frontier, cyberspace, and information superhighway have been used to indicate computer networks as a whole; cafés, dungeons, and virtual offices are some of the “places” people refer to as being in or on networks. The use of this language, which I collectively call “virtual-place metaphors,” indicates three broad metaphorical themes: virtual architecture, electronic frontier, and cyberspace. The metaphors encourage control, surveillance, and capitalist expansion through computer technologies—and also evasion and resistance through computer technologies. 相似文献
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跨国机构与地方共同作用下的城市全球化——德国波恩的案例研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
城市是一个动态发展系统,外生和内生的行动者通过互动促进城市发展。跨国机构作为重要的外生行动者,在一些城市的全球化发展过程中产生了重要的作用。案例城市波恩正是在联邦、州和地方政府的权力和政策安排下,创造了跨国行动者嵌入的制度环境和背景,以联合国机构为主的众多跨国机构通过与政府、企业和居民,以及非人类行动者在建立国际合作的共同诉求下积极转译,产生互动效应,为城市建构了稳固而“无缝”的行动者网络。行动者的不同目的和行为方式在塑造网络的同时,也重新建构了城市空间,空间成为检验网络构建是否成熟的一种重要的表现方式。波恩的城市空间实现了从外交政治功能向国际合作功能的转型;形成以联合国机构为轴心,其他机构点状辐射的轴辐式空间集聚;同时,由于资源、信息和所处地位的不同,波恩不同行动者在网络节点之间产生不均等的权力空间。行动者不断的排斥、冲突、协商和融合的过程,促进了城市空间功能不断完善,也致使以跨国机构为核心的行动者网络逐步成熟。通过引入行动者网络理论（ANT）,本研究把跨国机构作为重要行动者与城市全球化发展相结合,更深入地解析了城市全球化过程中多重行动者的互动过程。 相似文献