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1.
定常波和瞬变波在亚洲季风区大气水分循环中的作用   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
伊兰  陶诗言 《气象学报》1997,55(5):532-544
利用欧洲中心ECMWF10a逐日资料,对定常波和瞬变波在亚洲季风区大气水分循环中的作用进行了计算分析。结果表明,瞬变涡动总把水汽从高水汽含量区送到低水汽含量区,实现与平均环流相反的输送,维持了热带地区和中高纬地区水汽的平衡。夏季定常涡动输送的经向分量是将水汽从热带向副热带输送的主要机制,而瞬变涡动输送的经向分量则是把水汽从副热带输送到中高纬的主要机制。由于季风经圈环流的存在,使得亚洲季风区的热带地区为重要的水汽源区,而其副热带和中纬度地区是水汽汇区,这与同纬度其它地区相反。  相似文献   

2.
Based on monthly ECMWF reanalysis-Interim(ERA-Interim) reanalysis data,along with monthly precipitation and temperature data,the Dynamic Plateau Monsoon Index(DPMI) is defined.The results of a contrast analysis of the DPMI versus the Traditional Plateau Monsoon Index(TPMI) are described.The response of general circulation to northern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau summer monsoon anomalies and the correlation of the DPMI with general circulation anomalies are investigated.The results show that,the DPMI reflected meteorological elements better and depicted climate variation more accurately than the TPMI.In years when the plateau summer monsoon is strong,the low over the plateau and the trough near the eastern coast of Asia are deeper and higher than normal over South China.This correlation corresponds to two anomalous cyclones over the plateau and the eastern coast of Asia and an anomalous anticyclone in South China.The plateau and its adjacent regions are affected by anomalous southwesterly winds that transport more moisture to South China and cause more precipitation.The lower reaches of the Yangtze River appear to receive more precipitation by means of the strong westerly water vapor flow transported from the "large triangle affecting the region".In years when the plateau summer monsoon is weak,these are opposite.The plateau monsoon is closely related to the intensity and position of the South Asian high,and the existence of a teleconnection pattern in the mid-upper levels suggests a possible linkage of the East Asian monsoon and the Indian monsoon to the plateau summer monsoon.  相似文献   

3.
诊断分析了北半球夏季来自印度季风的水汽输送与东亚上空水汽输送的关系,发现二者之间具有反相变化的特征。印度季风水汽输送偏强(偏弱)时,东亚上空的水汽输送偏弱(偏强),长江中下游降水偏少(偏多)。印度夏季风水汽输送与西太平洋副热带高压强度有显著的相关关系,印度季风水汽输送偏强(偏弱)时,西太平洋副热带高压强度偏弱(偏强),由此导致副高西侧东亚上空向北的水汽输送减弱(增强),使得长江中下游降水偏少(偏多)。对反映热带对流活动的外逸长波辐射(OLR)的分析表明,印度洋上空的对流加热异常不仅能够显著地影响印度季风,也可能对东亚季风产生直接的影响。  相似文献   

4.
The Aura-MLS observations of eight years from 2004 to 2011 have been utilized to understand the hydration and the dehydration mechanism over the northern and the southern hemispheric monsoon (NH and SH) regions. The monsoon regions considered are the Asian Summer Monsoon, East Asian Summer Monsoon, Arizona Monsoon (AM), North African Monsoon, South American Monsoon and the Australian Monsoon. The annual cycle of water vapor as expected shows maxima over the NH during June–August and during December–February over the SH. The time taken by the air parcels over the NH monsoon regions is found to be different compared to that over the SH monsoon regions. The analysis shows the concentration of water vapor in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere (UTLS) has not changed over these eight years in both the hemispheres during their respective monsoon seasons. The present analysis show different processes viz., direct overshooting convection, horizontal advection, temperature and cirrus clouds in influencing the distribution of water vapor to the UTLS over these different monsoon regions. Analysis of the UTLS water vapor with temperature and ice water content shows that the AM is hydrating the stratosphere compared to all the other monsoon regions where the water vapor is getting dehydrated. Thus it is envisaged that the present results will have important implications in understanding the exchange processes across the tropopause over the different monsoon regions and its role in stratosphere chemistry.  相似文献   

5.
The timing of the South Asian High (SAH) establishment over the Indochina Peninsula (IP) from April to May and its relations to the setup of the subsequent tropical Asian summer monsoon and precipitation over eastern-central China in summer are investigated by using NCEP/NCAR daily reanalysis data, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data and the daily precipitation data from 753 weather stations in China. It is found that the transitions of the zonal wind vertical shear and convection establishment over tropical Asia are earlier (later) in the years of early (late) establishment of SAH. In the lower troposphere, anti-cyclonic (cyclonic) anomaly circulation dominates the equatorial Indian Ocean. Correspondingly, the tropical Asian summer monsoon establishes earlier (later). Furthermore, the atmospheric circulation and the water vapor transport in the years of advanced SAH establishment are significantly different from the delayed years in Asia in summer. Out-of-phase distribution of precipitation in eastern-central China will appear with a weak (strong) SAH and western Pacific subtropical high, strong (weak) ascending motion in the area south of Yangtze River but weak (strong) ascending motion in the area north of it, and cyclonic (anti-cyclonic) water vapor flux anomaly circulation from the eastern-central China to western Pacific. Accordingly, the timing of the SAH establishment at the upper levels of IP is indicative of the subsequent onset of the tropical Asian summer monsoon and the flood-drought pattern over eastern-central China in summer.  相似文献   

6.
采用1958—2007年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和我国160站降水资料,对东亚大陆季风湿润区冬季的水汽收支变化与大气环流和我国降水异常特征的关系进行研究。结果表明:冬季水汽收支时间序列表现出明显的长期气候变化趋势。挑选的水汽收支高、低值年不仅能够指示季风湿润区经向风的异常变化,还能够指示东亚冬季风的强弱和降水的异常变化。高值年,蒙古冷高压和阿留申低压偏弱,对流层低层为异常偏南风,整层为异常逆时针环流,30°N以南的辐合和上升运动强,大气水分收入增多,降水增加;低值年则相反。差值合成的异常降水量中心值可达40 mm以上,差值合成的水汽异常输入主要集中在600~900 hPa。合成的经向水汽收支占净收支变化的91.3%,纬向上相差较小。季风湿润区南、北区域的水汽收支及降水的差异明显,纬向的收入支出对此差异贡献较大。水汽收支的年代际特征,不仅能够指示水汽输送的强弱及从海洋输入水汽的多少,还能够指示季风湿润区降水的变化,且差值合成的异常降水量最大可达30 mm以上。  相似文献   

7.
    
The wavelet analysis is performed of the mid- and low-latitude circulation index at 850 hPa over East Asia, the East Asian monsoon index and the precipitation over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during 1998 South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX) from May to August. Analysis shows that distinct 30–60 day low-frequency oscillation (LFO) exists in all of the above elements during the exper-iment period. Analysis of low-frequency wind field at 850 hPa from May to August with 5 days interval is performed in this paper. Analysis results reveal that: (1) A low-frequency monsoon circulation system over East Asia, characterized by distinct 30–60 day low-frequency oscillation, exists over 100°-150°E of East Asian area from the middle and eastern parts of China continent and the South China Sea to the western Pacific in both the Northern and Southern Hemisphere. The activity of East Asian monsoon is mainly af-fected by the low-frequency systems in it; (2) All of the tropical monsoon onset over the South China Sea in the fifth pentad of May, the beginning of the Meiyu period and heavy rainfall over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in mid-June and the heavy rainfall after mid-July are related to the activity of low-frequency cyclone belt over the region, whereas the torrential rainfall over the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in August is associated with the westward propagation of low-frequency anticyclone into the mainland; (3) There are two sources of low-frequency oscillation system over East Asia during SCSMEX. i.e. the equatorial South China Sea (SCS) and mid-high latitudes of the middle Pacific in the Northern Hemisphere. The low-frequency system over SCS propagates northward while that in mid-high latitudes mainly propagates from northeast to southwest. Both of the heavy rainfall over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in June and July are associated with the northward propagation of the above-mentioned SCS low-frequency systems from the tropical region and the southwestward propagation from mid-high latitudes respectively and their convergence in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; (4) There are two activities of low-frequency cyclone and anticyclone belt each in the East Asian monsoon system during May to August. However the activity of these low-frequency circulation systems is not clearly relevant to the low-frequency circulation system in the Indian monsoon system. This means that the low-frequency circulation systems in Indian monsoon and East Asian monsoon are independent of each other. The concept previously put forward by Chinese scholars that the East Asian monsoon circulation sys-tem (EAMCS) is relatively independent monsoon circulation system is testified once more in the summer 1998. This work was supported by the key project A of the State Ministry of Science and Technology “South China Sea Monsoon Experiment” and the fruit of it.  相似文献   

8.
Apparent moisture sink and water vapor transport flux are calculated by using NCAR/NCEP reanalyzed daily data for water vapor and wind fields at various levels from 1980 to 1989. With the aid of EOF analysis method, temporal and spatial characteristics of moisture budgets over Asian and Australian monsoon regions are studied. The results show that there is apparent seasonal transition of moisture sink and water vapor transport between Asian monsoon region and Australian monsoon region. In winter, the Asian monsoon region is a moisture source, in which three cross-equatorial water vapor transport channels in the "continent bridge". at 80°E and 40°E ~ 50°E transport water vapor to the Australian monsoon region and southern Indian Ocean which are moisture sinks. In summer, Australian monsoon region and southern Indian Ocean are moisture sources and by the three cross-equatorial transport channels water vapor is transport to the Asian monsoon region which is a moisture sink. In spring and autumn, ITCZ is the main moisture sink and there is no apparent water vapor transport between Asian monsoon region and Australian monsoon region.  相似文献   

9.
我国东、西部夏季水汽输送特征及其差异   总被引:11,自引:6,他引:5  
黄荣辉  陈际龙 《大气科学》2010,34(6):1035-1045
本文利用ERA-40再分析每日资料分析了我国东部季风区与西北干旱—半干旱区夏季1971~2000年气候平均的水汽输送特征及其差异, 分析结果表明我国东部季风区与西北干旱—半干旱区夏季气候平均的水汽输送特征有明显的差异。由于亚洲夏季风从孟加拉湾、 南海和热带西太平洋输送大量水汽到我国东部季风区, 故在东部季风区夏季经向水汽输送通量比纬向水汽输送通量大。而西北干旱—半干旱区受中纬度西风带的影响, 夏季纬向水汽输送通量比经向水汽输送通量大, 且此区域夏季无论纬向或者经向水汽输送通量均比东部季风区的水汽输送通量小一量级。并且, 分析结果还表明: 我国东部季风区由于湿度大, 故夏季水汽输送通量的散度不仅依赖于湿度平流, 而且依赖于风场的辐合、 辐散, 而西北干旱—半干旱区夏季水汽输送通量的散度主要依赖于湿度平流。此外, 分析结果还表明了我国东部季风区的水分平衡与西北干旱—半干旱区的水分平衡也有明显的不同。  相似文献   

10.
文中分析了南亚季风水汽输送关键区“大三角扇型”区域特征 ,即该区域以高原地区为顶端 ,南海季风与印度季风涉及的低纬活动源区为“底边”构成了类似“大三角扇型”的南亚季风水循环相关影响域 ,此“大三角扇型”水汽输送特征分布描述了副热带高压环流以及中纬度扰动等亚洲季风系统成员的总体动力影响效应 ;反映了该区域南半球跨赤道气流 ,赤道西太平洋季风槽及季风活动等水份循环特征。表现了东亚海陆热力强迫、青藏高原非绝热效应、海洋“暖池”及异常孟加拉湾对流活动等诸因素的综合影响。研究表明 ,大三角区域热源强信号源 (高原地 气与孟加拉湾、菲律宾、南海等海 气过程 )区域的水份循环时空演变、遥相关特征及其对亚洲季风爆发的综合影响等均是认识中国及东亚旱、涝异常成因的重要科学问题  相似文献   

11.
1998 SCSMEX期间亚洲30-60天低频振荡特征的分析   总被引:34,自引:0,他引:34  
对1998年 5-8月南海季风试验(SCSMEX)期间东亚地区 850 hPa中低纬环流指数、东亚季风指数和长江中下游降水进行了Morlet 小波分析,结果表明在此期间这些要素均有明显的30-60天周期低频振荡。在此基础上对 5-8月每隔 5天的 850 hPa低频流场进行分析,结果表明:(1)100°-150°E间东亚从中国东中部大陆经南海和西太平洋的南北半球中明显的存在一个以30-60天低频荡为特征的东亚季风低频环流系统,东亚季风活动主要受东亚季风系统中低频活动影响;(2)5月第5候南海热带季风爆发、6月中旬长江中下游人梅及产生大暴雨以及7月中旬以后的该地区大暴雨均与低频气旋带在该地区活动有关,而8月长江上游大暴雨则与低频反气旋伸人到大陆有关;(3)SCSMEX期间东亚低频振荡系统的源地有二个,即南海赤道和北半球中太平洋中高纬。南海低频系统向北传播,而中高纬低频系统自东北向西南传播为主。长江中下游6、7月二次大暴雨均与上述二个低频气旋系统自热带向北和中高纬向西南传播并于长江中下游汇合有关;(4)5-8月间东亚季风系统中有二次低频气旋带和二次低频反气旋带活动,这些低频环流系统的活动与印度季风低频环流系统活动并无明  相似文献   

12.
青藏高原季风对我国西北干旱区气候的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
基于ERA-Interim逐月再分析资料及同期高原和我国西北干旱区观测站温度与降水资料,分析高原季风与西北干旱区气候的关系,对比高原典型强弱季风年平均大尺度环流和水汽输送条件的差异,探讨高原强弱季风年西北干旱区气候差异形成的原因。研究结果表明:高原季风与我国西北干旱区气候相关关系显著;高原强弱季风年对应的大尺度环流和垂直环流系统存在明显差异;水汽条件和抬升条件好坏与降水量多寡配合得较好,即强高原季风年,高原北部边缘水汽条件和抬升条件更有利于降水,而弱高原季风年,高原北部边缘水汽条件和抬升条件偏差,对应降水量较常年同期偏少。  相似文献   

13.
东亚干旱半干旱区空中水资源研究进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
系统回顾了近年来中外对东亚干旱半干旱区空中水资源方面的主要研究进展,主要包括大气水汽、云的分布特征、空中水资源的降水转化率及其影响因子等。东亚干旱半干旱区西部及东部水汽含量较中部高,背风坡水汽含量较迎风坡高,季风区及山脉地区云水资源高于盆地、沙漠上空。20世纪80年代中期以后,东亚干旱半干旱区对流层底部的水汽显著增多,其中夏季增加最为明显。在全球气候变化背景下,中国西北部分地区云水路径总体呈现上升趋势,同时呈现"东正西负"的东西向变化差异以及"北正南负"的反相位特征。大气环流、地表温度、下垫面地表特征等因子通过影响东亚干旱半干旱区的水汽输送及蒸散,进而改变东亚干旱半干旱区空中水资源,空中水资源的改变通过影响辐射收支、不同高度云量及第2次相变产生的云水含量进而对局地温度和降水产生影响。以往研究中,大部分主要针对东亚干旱半干旱区大气中的水汽含量和云平均状态的分布与变化特征,而与降水相关联的空中水资源的变化特征目前仍不清楚,有待系统深入地研究。   相似文献   

14.
利用ECMWF所分析的1980~1989年每日各层的水汽和风场资料分析了东亚季风区夏季风的水汽输送特征,并与印度季风区夏季水汽输送进行比较。分析结果表明了东亚季风区夏季水汽输送特征明显不同于印度季风区夏季水汽输送,东亚季风区夏季水汽输送经向输送要大于纬向输送,而印度季风区夏季水汽输送则以纬向输送为主。分析结果还表明东亚季风区由于夏季水汽分布是南边大、北边小,偏南季风气流所引起的水汽平流是湿平流。因此,水汽的辐合主要由季风气流所引起的水汽平流所造成,而印度季风区季风气流所引起的水汽平流是干平流,它利于水汽输送的辐散,水汽的辐合主要是由于风场的辐合所造成。  相似文献   

15.
中国东南部冬季降水变化及其环流特征   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
利用1951-2011年中国160站降水资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了中国东南部冬季降水的年际变化及与之相关的环流和水汽输送特征。结果表明:中国东南部冬季降水年际差异较明显,当降水异常偏多(少)时,蒙古高压及中国广大南方地区海平面气压异常偏低(高),而亚洲附近的洋面上则异常偏高(低);500 hPa上,巴尔喀什湖附近的高压脊和东亚大槽均偏弱(强);高层东亚西风急流异常偏弱(强),中东地区急流异常偏强(弱);中国东部20~30°N出现显著异常上升(下沉)运动,低纬度地区出现异常下沉(上升)运动。影响中国东南部冬季降水的水汽输送主要有两支:来自西风带绕高原的南支气流,经过阿拉伯海和孟加拉湾向华南的输送水汽;来自低纬西太平洋,经南海向中国西南的水汽输送。此外,东亚冬季风与中国东南部冬季降水关系密切。  相似文献   

16.
本文利用1981~2020年观测数据和ERA5再分析资料,将青藏高原腹地三江源和东南重要水汽通道河湾区作为典型研究区域,分析了降水不同时间尺度变化特征及其典型强弱年对高原季风环流系统的响应,结果表明:(1)三江源和河湾区降水的季节变化均呈双峰型分布,峰值出现在7月初和8月下旬。夏季降水在21世纪初发生年代际转折,尤其是三江源降水量在近20年增加明显。两个高原季风指数DPMI(Dynamic Plateau Monsoon Index)和ZPMI(Zhou Plateau Monsoon Index)的夏季风爆发时间均超前于河湾区和三江源降水的明显增加期。三江源夏季降水年际变化与两个高原夏季风指数有较好的相关性。三江源与河湾区虽然相邻很近,但三江源夏季降水受高原季风影响程度远大于河湾区。当高原夏季风增强(减弱)时,三江源降水量偏多(少)。(2)三江源降水偏多年,南亚高压偏东偏强,低层高原主体低压异常,有利于西南风和东南风在三江源区域交汇,南方暖湿空气能够深入高原腹地导致水汽辐合偏强。河湾区降水偏多年,河湾区及整个高原主体附近高度场并没有明显异常,河湾区的水汽输送主要有两条路径,一条来自孟...  相似文献   

17.
中国西北东部地区春季降水及其水汽输送特征   总被引:36,自引:4,他引:36  
文中使用 1 96 2~ 2 0 0 2年逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料 ,考察了中国西北东部地区春季降水及其水汽输送的气候特征和异常变化。分析表明 ,该地区春季降水时段集中、变率较大 ,具有明显的年际和年代际变化特征 ;水汽主要来源于南部季风区 ,输送路径集中于青藏高原和偏南方向 ,偏东方向输送相对较弱 ,而且西太平洋副高和高原对输送路径具有显著影响 ;多雨年的异常水汽输送主要来源于偏东方向海洋上的异常向西输送和前期由菲律宾及其北部海区的向北输送 ;对异常水汽通量进行分解后发现 :由环流异常引起的平均水汽输送在多数年份的降水正异常过程中起主导作用 ,而平均环流对异常水汽的前期输送对于局地降水异常也有一定贡献 ;多雨年的环流异常集中表现为高度场上位于中国东北地区的正异常中心 ,这有利于偏东、偏南的异常水汽输送到西北东部。结果初步认为西北东部地区的空中水汽资源具有一定的补偿能力和利用潜力 ,该地区是维系西北内陆地区空中水资源乃至水分循环过程的水汽输送关键区  相似文献   

18.
夏季亚洲季风区是对流层向平流层物质输送的主要通道,其对平流层水汽的变化有重要贡献。以往的研究表明亚洲季风区向平流层的水汽传输主要在青藏高原及周边地区。本文利用多年平均的逐日ERAi、MERRA再分析数据和微波临边观测仪(Microwave Limb Sounder,MLS)数据,首先对比分析夏季青藏高原周边上空水汽的分布特征,再利用再分析资料分析了对流层—平流层水汽传输的特征。结果表明:青藏高原周边特定的等熵面和对流层顶结构分布有利于水汽向平流层的绝热输送;在南亚高压的东北侧,从青藏高原到中太平洋地区,340~360 K层次存在最为显著的水汽向平流层的纬向等熵绝热输送通道,7~8月平均输送强度可达约7×103 kg s-1。此外,在伊朗高原及南亚高压的西部,350~360 K层次也存在一支水汽向平流层的经向等熵绝热输送通道,但强度相对较弱(约2.5×103 kg s-1)。在青藏高原南侧370~380 K层次存在强的水汽向平流层的非绝热输送,主要由深对流和大尺度上升运动引起,7~8月平均输送强度约0.4×103 kg s-1。落基山以东到大西洋西部,350~360 K层次存在水汽向平流层的纬向等熵绝热输送通道,但强度也弱得多(约2.5×103 kg s-1)。  相似文献   

19.
中亚和南亚热力差异对塔里木盆地夏季降水的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用美国国家环境预测中心/美国国家大气研究中心(NCEP/NCAR)再分析月平均资料和新疆83站降水资料,分析了1961~2010年南亚和中亚对流层中低层热力差异对塔里木盆地夏季降水的可能影响机制。研究结果表明,塔里木盆地夏季降水与中亚和南亚对流层中低层温度密切相关。当南亚对流层中低层偏暖,中亚偏冷时,500 h Pa中亚上空和蒙古上空分别为异常气旋和反气旋环流,在二者共同作用下,塔里木盆地上空盛行异常的偏南气流,有利于低纬海洋的暖湿气流北上,形成有利于降水的环流条件。同时阿拉伯海上空为异常反气旋环流,中亚上空为异常气旋环流,形成塔里木盆地夏季降水水汽的两步型输送,阿拉伯海水汽被输送至中亚和新疆地区。中亚对流层中低层温度变化主要影响500 h Pa环流,南亚对流层中低层温度变化在低纬水汽向北输送过程中扮演主要角色。青藏高原夏季风偏强时,600 h Pa高原北侧对应异常反气旋环流,异常偏北风引导高纬度冷空气南下,导致中亚区域对流层中低层偏冷,而南亚对流层中低层偏暖则与热带印度洋显著增暖密切相关。  相似文献   

20.
冬季赤道西太平洋环流状况与后期亚洲季风   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
武炳义  黄荣辉 《大气科学》2001,25(5):609-626
基于月平均NCEP再分析资料(1958~1997年)以及中国336个台站月降水总量(195l~1994年),通过合成、相关以及统计显著性检验方法,研究了赤道西太平洋区域冬季环流状况与后期春夏季亚洲(东亚和南亚)季风环流变化的关系.研究结果表明,冬季赤道西太平洋环流状况对后期南亚季风和东亚季风以及我国夏季降水均有显著的滞后影响.冬季赤道西太平洋海域海平面气压偏高(低),对应反气旋(气旋)性环流异常,致使后期东亚和南亚夏季风均偏弱(强)以及我国长江流域夏季降水偏多(少),揭示了实施这种滞后影响的一般特征.  相似文献   

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