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1.
Masoud Moghaddasi Gregory A. MacRae J. G. Chase Misko Cubrinovski Stefano Pampanin 《地震工程与结构动力学》2015,44(11):1805-1821
This paper introduces a simple method to consider the effects of inertial soil–structure interaction (SSI) on the seismic demands of a yielding single‐degree‐of‐freedom structure. This involves idealizing the yielding soil–structure system as an effective substitute oscillator having a modified period, damping ratio, and ductility. A parametric study is conducted to obtain the ratio between the displacement ductility demand of a flexible‐base system and that of the corresponding fixed‐base system. It is shown that while additional foundation damping can reduce the overall response, the effects of SSI may also increase the ductility demand of some structures, mostly being ductile and having large structural aspect ratio, up to 15%. Finally, a design procedure is provided for incorporation of the SSI effects on structural response. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
The concept of equivalent linearization, in which the actual nonlinear structure is replaced by an equivalent linear single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system, is extended for soil-structure systems in order to consider the simultaneous effects of soil-structure interaction (SSI) and inelastic behavior of the structure on equivalent linear parameters (ELP). This is carried out by searching over a two-dimensional equivalent period–equivalent damping space for the best pair, which can predict the earthquake response of the inelastic soil-structure system with sufficient accuracy. The super-structure is modeled as an elasto-plastic SDOF system whereas the soil beneath the structure is considered as a homogeneous half-space and is replaced by a discrete model. An extensive parametric study is carried out for a wide range of soil-structure systems subjected to a suite of 59 ground motions. The effect of SSI on ELP is studied through introducing a set of non-dimensional key parameters, which define the soil-structure system. It is shown that ELP of soil-structure systems result from a trade-off between SSI effect and nonlinear behavior of the structure. The contribution of each of these two factors depends on the characteristics of the soil-structure system which, in turn, are defined by the introduced non-dimensional key parameters. Moreover, the reliability of the predicted response of soil-structure systems and its sensitivity to deviation from optimal ELP is studied in detail, which sheds light on the consequences of using improper pairs of ELP for interacting systems in the framework of performance-based design of structures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
高层建筑结构-地基动力相互作用效果的振动台试验对比研究 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10
本文通过对高层建筑结构－地基动力相互作用体系和刚性地基上高层建筑结构的振动台模型试验成果的对比分析，研究了相互作用对结构动力特性和地震反应的影响。结果－地基动力相互作用使结构频率减小，阻尼增大；相互作用体系的振型曲线与刚性地基上结构的振型曲线不同，基础处存在平动和转动；在地震动作用下考虑相互作用的结构加速度、层间剪力、弯矩以及应变通常比刚性地基上的情况小，而位移则比刚性地基上的情况大。 相似文献
4.
The nonlinear behavior of a soil-foundation system may alter the seismic response of a structure by providing additional flexibility to the system and dissipating hysteretic energy at the soil-foundation interface. However, the current design practice is still reluctant to consider the nonlinearity of the soil-foundation system, primarily due to lack of reliable modeling techniques. This study is motivated towards evaluating the effect of nonlinear soil-structure interaction (SSI) on the seismic responses of low-rise steel moment resisting frame (SMRF) structures. In order to achieve this, a Winkler-based approach is adopted, where the soil beneath the foundation is assumed to be a system of closely-spaced, independent, nonlinear spring elements. Static pushover analysis and nonlinear dynamic analyses are performed on a 3-story SMRF building and the performance of the structure is evaluated through a variety of force and displacement demand parameters. It is observed that incorporation of nonlinear SSI leads to an increase in story displacement demand and a significant reduction in base moment, base shear and inter-story drift demands, indicating the importance of its consideration towards achieving an economic, yet safe seismic design. 相似文献
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In this study, attempts are made to investigate the effects of inertial soil–structure interaction (SSI) on damping coefficients subjected to pulse-like near-fault ground motions. To this end, a suit of 91 pulse-like near-fault ground motions is adopted. The soil and superstructure are idealized employing cone model and single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) oscillator, respectively. The results demonstrate that soil flexibility reduces and amplifies the damping coefficients for structural viscous damping levels higher and lower than 5%, respectively. The coefficients reach one for both acceleration and displacement responses in cases of dominant SSI effects. The effect of structure dimensions on damping confidents are found insignificant. Moreover, damping coefficients of displacement responses are higher than those of acceleration responses for both fixed-base and flexible-base systems. Evaluation of damping correction factor introduced by FEMA 440 shows its inefficiency to predict acceleration response of soil–structure systems under pulse-like near-fault ground motions. Soil flexibility makes the damping correction factor of moderate earthquakes more pronounced and a distinctive peak value is reported for cases with dominant SSI effects. 相似文献
7.
In this study, simplified numerical models are developed to analyze the soil-structure interaction (SSI) effect on frame structures equipped with viscoelastic dampers (VEDs) based on pile group foundation. First, a single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) oscillator is successfully utilized to replace the SDOF energy dissipated structure considering the SSI effect. The equivalent period and damping ratio of the system are obtained through analogical analysis using the frequency transfer function with adoption of the modal strain energy (MSE) technique. A parametric analysis is carried out to study the SSI effect on the performance of VEDs. Then the equilibrium equations of the multi degree-of-freedom (MDOF) structure with VEDs considering SSI effect are established in the frequency domain. Based on the assumption that the superstructure of the coupled system possesses the classical normal mode, the MDOF superstructure is decoupled to a set of individual SDOF systems resting on a rigid foundation with adoption of the MSE technique through formula derivation. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed methods have the advantage of reducing computational cost, however, retaining the satisfactory accuracy. The numerical method proposed herein can provide a fast evaluation of the efficiency of VEDs considering the SSI effect. 相似文献
8.
考虑土与结构相互作用效应的结构减震控制大型振动台模型试验研究 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7
本文设计并完成了考虑土与结构相互作用的结构减震控制大型振动台模型试验。通过对四种结构形式的对比试验，探讨了土与结构相互作用（ＳＳＩ）效应对结构地震反应的影响以及调谐质量阻尼器（ＴＭＤ）在刚性和柔性地基条件下对主体结构的减震效应。通过比较同一地震动作用下主体结构在刚性和柔性两种地基条件下的地震反应，可知：ＳＳＩ效应具有降低和提高结构减震控制效果的双重作用，其综合效果与输入地震动的频谱特性、加速度峰值大小有关。由于ＳＳＩ效应在结构地震反应中发挥着双重的作用，因而使得基于刚性地基假定下设计的ＴＭＤ减震控制系统在柔性地基条件下的控制效果不太理想，甚至会出现负面效应。本文还探讨了在柔性地基条件下影响结构减震控制效果的一些因素。 相似文献
9.
主次结构减震特性研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
本文探讨了主次结构的减震特性以及土－结构相互作用对减震效果的影响，在一定条件下，次结构对主结构有减震作用，其减震效果与主次结构的刚度比和质量比、次结构的阻尼和输入地震动的特性有关，对于多层建筑，次结构既可能减小主结构的加速度，也可能减小其相对位移，对于高层建筑、则主要是减小主结构的相对位移，对于中软至弱地基条件，ＳＳＩ效应明显降低高层建筑的加速度反应；对于中等地基条件，ＳＳＩ效应显著降低次结构对高 相似文献
10.
Wen-Hwa Wu 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》1997,16(5):323-336
To simplify the consideration of the soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects, a single degree-of-freedom (SDOF) replacement oscillator has been successfully utilized to represent an SSI system with SDOF structural model. In the present paper, this approximation is first extended to an equivalent fixed-base model with modified system parameters. Based on this generalization, a methodology is then proposed to determine the equivalent fixed-base models of a general multi degree-of-freedom SSI system using simple system identification techniques in the frequency domain. Various fixed-base models are formulated and their accuracy is compared for a five-story shear building resting on soft soil. It is shown that the actual SSI system can be accurately represented with an appropriate fixed-base model. 相似文献
11.
This study examines the roles of soil-structure interaction (SSI), higher modes, and damping in a base-isolated structure built on multiple layers of soil overlying a half space. Closed-form solutions for the entire system, including a superstructure, seismic isolator, and numerous soil layers overlying a half-space, were obtained. The formulations obtained in this study simply in terms of well-known frequencies and mechanical impedance ratios can explicitly interpret the dynamic behavior of a base-isolated structure interacting with multiple soil layers overlying a half-space. The key factors influencing the performance of the isolation system are the damping ratio of the isolator and the ratio of the natural frequency of the fixed-base structure to that of the isolated structure by assuming that the superstructure moves as a rigid body. This study reveals that higher damping in the base isolator is unfavorable to higher mode responses that usually dominate the responses of the superstructure and that the damping mechanism plays an important role in transmitting energy in addition to absorbing energy. It is also concluded that it is possible to design a soft soil layer as an isolation system for isolating vibration energy. 相似文献
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The system damping, the system frequency, the relative building response and the base rocking response peak amplitudes are studied, as those depend on the building mass and height, the flexibility of the soil, the structural damping, the type of incident waves and their angle of incidence. A linear two-dimensional model is used, which assumes the soil to be a homogeneous isotropic half-space, the foundation supporting the building to be a rigid embedded cylinder, and in which the building model is an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom oscillator. The system frequency and the system damping ratio are determined by measuring the width and the frequency of the peak in the transfer function of the oscillator relative response, using the analogy with the half-power method for a single-degree-of-freedom fixed-base oscillator. Previous similar studies are for dynamic soil-structure interaction only, and for simplified models in which the stiffness of the soil and the damping due to radiation are represented by springs and dashpots. The study in this paper differs from the previous studies in that the wave passage effects (or the kinematic interaction) are also included, and that no additional simplifications of the model are made. Results are shown for excitation by plane P- and SV-waves. 相似文献
14.
An innovative approximate method is presented to consider the plan asymmetry, nonlinear structural behaviour and soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects simultaneously. The proposed method so-called Flexible base 2DMPA (F2MPA) is an extension of 2 degrees of freedom modal pushover analysis (2DMPA) approach to consider foundation flexibility in seismic response analysis of plan asymmetric structures which itself were developed based on Uncoupled Modal Response History Analysis method for inelastic fixed-base asymmetric structures. In F2MPA for each mode shape using 2DMPA procedure, the elastic and inelastic properties of 2DOF modal systems corresponding to the fixed-base structure are initially derived. Then in each time step, displacements and inelastic restoring forces of the superstructure are computed from modal equations of the flexibly-supported structure. In each time step, the nonlinear secant stiffness matrix corresponding to the n-th MDOF modal equations of soil-structure system is updated using the corresponding modal 2DOF system of fixed-base structure. To update the transformed modal stiffness matrix of the SSI system, this matrix is partitioned and it is assumed that the non-linear variation of the superstructure can be estimated from the variation of modal stiffness matrix of the fixed-base structure. Accuracy of the proposed method was verified on an 8-story asymmetric-plan building under different seismic excitations. The results obtained from F2MPA method were compared with those obtained by nonlinear response history analysis of the asymmetric soil-structure system as a reference response. It was shown that the proposed approach could predict the results of the nonlinear time history analysis with a good accuracy. The main advantage of F2MPA is that this method is much less time-consuming and useful for the practical aims such as massive analysis of a nonlinear structure under different records with multiple intensity levels. 相似文献
15.
Edward H. Stehmeyer III Dimitris C. Rizos 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(6):468-479
This paper utilizes and expands on existing coupled BEM–FEM (finite element method) methods for the investigation of the effects of soil structure interaction (SSI) on both an un-retrofitted and seismically isolated typical bridge structure. A simple numerical model of the bridge and surrounding soil is formulated and excited by an earthquake excitation. Utilizing Newmark's β FEM solution method along with the closed form B-spline BIRF method, the structural damped period, composite damping ratio, pier relative displacement, and base shear demand are monitored. From these results, the effects of SSI on this structure are identified. Additionally, the importance of the relative rigidity between the soil-foundation system and the bridge structure is also investigated. The results of the studies indicate that the response of the complete structure system considered is affected by the inclusion of SSI effects. Furthermore, the efficiency of the isolation measures designed using fixed base conditions is decreased by considering SSI over a certain relative rigidity range that is quantified using the structure to soil-foundation natural frequency ratio. 相似文献
16.
Correction factors for SSI effects predicted by simplified models: 2D versus 3D rectangular embedded foundations 
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下载免费PDF全文 The effects of soil‐structure interaction (SSI) are often studied using two‐dimensional (2D) or axisymmetric three‐dimensional (3D) models to avoid the high cost of the more realistic, fully 3D models, which require 2 to 3 orders of magnitude more computer time and storage. This paper analyzes the error and presents correction factors for system frequency, system damping, and peak amplitude of structural response computed using impedances for linear in‐plane 2D models with rectangular foundations, embedded in uniform or layered half‐space. They are computed by comparison with results for 3D rectangular foundations with the same vertical cross‐section and different aspect ratios. The structure is represented by a single degree‐of‐freedom oscillator. Correction factors are presented for a range of the model parameters. The results show that in‐plane 2D approximations overestimate the SSI effects, exaggerating the frequency shift, the radiation damping, and the reduction of the peak amplitude. The errors are larger for stiffer, taller, and heavier structures, deeper foundations, and deeper soil layer. For example, for a stiff structure like Millikan library (NS response; length‐to‐width ratio ≈ 1), the error is 6.5% in system frequency, 44% in system damping, and 140% in peak amplitude. The antiplane 2D approximation has an opposite effect on system frequency and the same effect on system damping and peak relative response. Linear response analysis of a case study shows that the NEHRP‐2015 provisions for reduction of base shear force due to SSI may be unsafe for some structures. The presented correction factor diagrams can be used in practical design and other applications. 相似文献
17.
分层土-基础-高层框架结构相互作用体系振动台模型试验研究 总被引：30，自引：6，他引：30
本文设计实现了分层土－基础－高层框架结构相互作用体系的振动台模型试验，再现了地震动激励下上部结构和基础的震害现象和砂质粉土的液化现象。通过试验，研究了相互作用体系地震动反应的主要规律：由于动力相互作用的影响，软土地基中相互作用体系的频率小于不考虑结构－地基相互作用的结构频率，而阻尼比则大于结构材料阻尼比；体系的振型曲线与刚性地基上结构的振型曲线明显不同，基础处存在平动和转动。土层传递振动的放大或减振作用与土层性质、激励大小等因素有关，砂土层一般起放大作用，砂质粉土层一般起减振隔振作用；由于土体的隔震作用，上部结构接受的振动能量较小，各层反应均较小。上部结构顶层加速度反应组成取决于基础转动刚度、平动刚度和上部结构刚度的相对大小。 相似文献
18.
The effects of soil-structure interaction on the seismic response of an isolated three span motorway overcrossing founded on piles are investigated by considering a real bridge located along the A14 Motorway in central Italy. The dynamic and mechanical properties of the soils are obtained from a comprehensive geotechnical characterization of the sites. Ten triplets of real accelerograms, defined at the outcropping bedrock, are adopted and processed by local response analyses to capture the site amplification effects and the free-field motions within the deposits. The soil-structure interaction effects are evaluated by means of the substructure method by comparing the seismic response of the structures with those obtained from conventional fixed base models. Analyses demonstrate that the soil-foundation dynamic compliance as well as the energy loss due to radiation damping dot not modify significantly the overall behaviour of the isolated bridges, while soil-structure interaction may increase deformations and forces on the isolation devices with respect to those obtained with fixed base models. 相似文献
19.
The frequency-independent foundation impedances, commonly used in soil-structure dynamic interaction problems, are developed for a circular footing resting on a homogeneous halfspace. As they ignore the structure attached to the foundation, the error introduced in the structural response may be 50 per cent or more in the neighbourhood of the fundamental frequency of the soil-structure system. The present study proposes a new method developed for most dynamic soil-structure interaction problems. The key idea is to retain for the frequency-independent impedances values computed for the fundamental frequency of the soil-structure system; thus these values include the dynamic characteristics of the whole soil-structure system and lead to a satisfactory approximation of the exact solution over a wide frequency range. The method is developed here for the horizontal and rocking modes of a structure with a circular base resting on a homogeneous halfspace. Numerical applications are given for a simple linear oscillator in order to make possible a thorough parametric study. The response of some idealized building-foundation systems to harmonic excitation or to a seismic input is next examined in order to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed model. 相似文献
20.
This study investigates the effect of soil–structure interaction (SSI) on the response of base-isolated buildings. The equations of motion are formulated in the frequency domain, assuming frequency-independent soil stiffness and damping constants. An equivalent fixed-base system is developed that accounts for soil compliance and damping characteristics of the base-isolated building. Closed-form expressions are derived, followed by a thorough parametric study involving the pertinent system parameters. For preliminary design, the methodology can serve as a means to assess effective use of base isolation on building structures accounting for SSI. This study concludes that the effects of SSI are more pronounced on the modal properties of the system, especially for the case of squat and stiff base-isolated structures. 相似文献