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1.
In this paper, the two metnods, rectangular spectrum (RS) and maximum entropy power spectrum (MES), have been used in calculating
the geomagnetic structures of the crust in Haicheng and its adjacent areas and carrying out the geomagnetic stratification
of the crust. The result of the research indicates that the crust can be devided into such three layers as nonmagnetic layer,
magnetic layer and regressive magnetic layer from the top to the bottom. It is also found the distribution of the geomagnetic
bottom interface (Curie surface) is consistent with the lower interface of the upper crust and the top interface of the middle
crust of the velocity structure of the crust. It is very interesting that the Haicheng earthquake of Feb. 4, 1975,M 7.3 occurred at the depth gradient belt of the Curie isotherm surface. So, to research on the geomagnetic layers and the
distribution characteristics of the Curie isotherm surface is meaningful in judging potential seismic foci.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 448–454, 1993.
The data of velocity and electricity materials used in this paper are as reference from the related materials of the maps
and directions etc. of Donggou-Haicheng-Dong Ujimqin Qi Geoscience Transect by Prof. Zao-Xun LU, Huai-Kuan XIA and others. 相似文献
2.
In this paper, structure models of the crust and upper mantle beneath each station have been obtained by way of fitting synthetic
seismograms with P waveforms of deep focus teleseismic records from the 11 stations in the Northeastern Region of China. We
have studied the structure in the region based on those models. Our results show that the medium of the crust and upper mantle
is a layered structure with alternate high and low velocity layers within about 100 km under the region. The crustal thickness
is about 31.8–35.8 km.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,13, 471–479, 1991.
This work is one part of the project funded by the State Seismological Bureau of China. 相似文献
3.
Yu-Ru Zhuo 《地震学报(英文版)》1993,6(2):447-454
The travel-times of multi-bounce P waves have been used to investigate the lateral heterogeneity of the uppermantle P wave
velocity structure beneath north-west part of China and middle Asia. The synthetic seismograms of P and PP waves for seven
large Chinese continental earthquakes were calculated by using the WKBJ method. The PP-P residuals, which reflect the P wave
structure of the midpoints of the seismic rays, were calculated by using the WKBJ method, The results show that: the uppermantle
wave structure beneath Russian platform in the middle Asia area, the Seytho-Turanian and the west Siberian platform is similar
to that of Canadian shield; the uppermantle P wave velocity in the fold system of west China, the center Asia fold system
in Russia, and Kazak fold system is lower than that of Canadian sheild. It seems that the velocity structure is related to
the tectonic structure.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, 479–484, 1992. 相似文献
4.
The coupling ray theory is usually applied to anisotropic common reference rays, but it is more accurate if it is applied to reference rays which are closer to the actual wave paths. If we know that a medium is close to uniaxial (transversely isotropic), it may be advantageous to trace reference rays which resemble the SH–wave and SV–wave rays. This paper is devoted to defining and tracing these SH and SV reference rays of elastic S waves in a heterogeneous generally anisotropic medium which is approximately uniaxial (approximately transversely isotropic), and to the corresponding equations of geodesic deviation (dynamic ray tracing). All presented equations are simultaneously applicable to ordinary and extraordinary reference rays of electromagnetic waves in a generally bianisotropic medium which is approximately uniaxially anisotropic. The improvement of the coupling–ray–theory seismograms calculated along the proposed SH and SV reference rays, compared to the coupling–ray–theory seismograms calculated along the anisotropic common reference rays, has already been numerically demonstrated by the authors in four approximately uniaxial velocity models. 相似文献
5.
S. N. Bhattacharya 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(5):909-928
We consider nine earthquakes in the Koyna-Warna reservoir region on the western side of the Peninsular India. The deviatoric
moment tensors of these earthquakes have been evaluated by minimizing the least-squares misfit between observed and synthetic
seismograms. We use broadband seismograms of observatories at KARD and PUNE which are at distances of nearly 50 and 150 km,
respectively, from the epicenters. Both surface wave inversion and the difference between the arrival times of SH and SV show
the presence of an anisotropic crust. However, we have obtained an equivalent isotropic structure by improving the published
crustal structures of this area through inversion of surface wave group velocity data. The deviatoric moment tensors of the
earthquakes are decomposed into two components: double-couple and compensated linear vector dipoles (CLVD). The double-couple
components of all the nine earthquakes show normal faulting with minor strike slip; the T axis is consistently subhorizontal
with an average azimuth of 260.6° and the P axis is nearly vertical. The fault planes of six events give average strike direction
and dip, respectively as 194.0° and 51.8° and are associated with the main fault of the area. The other three events lie in
the southern part of this area and have strike direction between SSE and SE which is parallel to the tectonic features in
this part. The CLVD component is generally within 20 percent of the total moment tensor. Recent studies show that anisotropy
can produce source mechanism with CLVD up to 30 percent and can also cause high pore fluid pressure leading to fault instability
more rapidly compared to conventional mechanism in an isotropic medium. It appears that the anisotropic crust, noted in the
present work, is generating the CLVD component and also gives the proper environment to trigger earthquakes by reservoirs
through pore fluid pressure. 相似文献
6.
中国西部三维速度结构及其各向异性 总被引：24，自引：5，他引：24
本文用覆盖中国的358条勒夫面波路径资料,研究了10.45-113.80s范围内中国西部的三维SH波速度结构.结果表明,各构造单元的SH波速度结构均有明显的差别.作为稳定块体的塔里木盆地,壳内重力分异程度较高,上、中、下地壳厚度差别小,壳内无明显的低速层,地壳平均速度比较小;上地幔低速层埋深大且层中速度大;区内横向变化小.构造活动区如天山、青藏高原,其突出的特征是下地壳厚度大且速度大,上地幔盖层速度值相当高.这与西伯利亚、印支板块的挤压有密切的关系.青藏高原东部及其北、东边缘地区壳内存在低速层,上地幔低速层埋深浅,一些地区存在壳幔过渡层.面波各向异性研究表明,青藏高原、天山及印支板块北缘下存在明显的各向异性,以构造边缘地区及上地幔低速层附近最为突出.印度板块、西伯利亚板块与中国大陆间的碰撞引起强大的水平压力和一定的下插作用,是造成青藏高原隆起、地壳增厚、天山隆起的最根本的因素,同时也促成壳幔中辉石、橄榄石的定向排列和物质运移,因而出现明显的各向异性现象. 相似文献
7.
O'Leary González Leonardo Alvarez Mariangela Guidarelli Giuliano F. Panza 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(10):1985-2007
An overview of the crust and upper mantle structure of Central America and the Caribbean region is presented as a result of
the processing of more than 200 seismograms recorded by digital broadband stations from SSSN and GSN seismic networks. Group
velocity dispersion curves are obtained in the period range from 10s to 40s by FTAN analysis of the fundamental mode of the
Rayleigh waves; the error of these measurements varies from 0.06 and 0.09 km/s. From the dispersion curve, seven tomographic
maps at different periods and with average spatial resolution of 500 km are obtained. Using the logical combinatorial classification
techniques, eight main groups of dispersion curves are determined from the tomographic maps and eleven main regions, each
one characterized by one kind of dispersion curves, are identified. The average dispersion curves obtained for each region
are extended to 150s by adding data from a larger-scale tomographic study (Vdovin et al., 1999) and inverted using a nonlinear procedure. A set of models of the S-wave velocity vs. depth in the crust and upper
mantle is found as a result of the inversion process. In six regions we identify a typically oceanic crust and upper mantle
structure, while in the other two the models are consistent with the presence of a continental structure. Two regions, located
over the major geological zones of the accretionary crust of the Caribbean region, are characterized by a peculiar crust and
upper mantle structure, indicating the presence of lithospheric roots reaching, at least, about 200 km of depth. 相似文献
8.
本文提出了在计算机上实现分块三维地壳模型及利用加权最小二乘拟合生成平缓光滑的三维速度函数的方法,给出了适用于分块、块内速度连续变化的三维模型中Cauchy射线追踪的新算法,简介了基于上述方法反射线的基本理论所编制的合成三维理论地震图的程序包RSSGTD.给出的两个盆地状模型的算例表明,所使用的模型生成方法具有模拟复杂地壳结构的能力;与三维样条函数方法比较,最小二乘拟合方法能给出更加适合射线方法合成地震图计算的速度函数,并且内存小、计算速度快;所给出的Cauchy射线追踪算法能够适合块状模型中任何体波射线的追踪. 相似文献
9.
陕西省数字地震台下方壳幔速度结构研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
利用广义反、透射系数的传递矩阵计算理论地震图，用快速模拟退火法搜索最佳模型，通过与地震台站实际记录的P波波形进行拟合对比，反演了陕西省13个数字地震台下方的P波速度结构。台站分布区域涉及到秦岭造山带、渭河盆地及鄂尔多斯地台三个构造区域。结果显示，3个构造区的地下速度结构差异明显，呈现了各自的构造特点。其中秦岭造山带上地壳乃至地表速度高，中下地壳出现多个低速层，可能与岩石脱水、构造滑脱带等有关；渭河盆地内上中地壳高低速度层交替出现，反映了断层活动在浅部的影响；鄂尔多斯地台有部分台站保持稳定的匀速构造。反映了古老地台地层稳定发展的特性，部分台站受到后期改造，低速层位增多。因为变化剧烈的台站分布在盆地的南部和西部。而且震源机制解显示该区主应力场方向为近东西向，可以说秦岭北缘的断裂作用以及后来来自青藏高原的挤压应力是导致渭河盆地形成和发展的主要因素。最后我们讨论了速度结构与强震、地震分布以及不同构造演化的关系。 相似文献
10.
由深源远震体波记录反演华北北部地壳上地幔速度结构 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
重点研究的地区为河北省北部包括京津地区，以及山西、内蒙的部分地区，在此区选取了２９个台站；在向东延伸的背景区，选取了６个台站。利用这些台站的深源远震体波记录资料，通过选取介质结构模型，计算理论地震图，与观测图进行拟合，以确定地震台下介质结构的可接受模型。在拟合时，对每个地震台站都选择若干次深源远震的体波记录作为观测图。对每个地震台站一般都算出６０个不同模型的理论图。实际上做出的结果比地壳深，为大约８０ｋｍ（即大致相当于岩石层或称岩石圈）厚度内的地壳上地幔介质结构，它们大都由１０层左右的介质组成。通过波形拟合共给出了上述３５个台站下的壳幔介质分层结构。并由此给出了Ｍｏｈｏ面的轮廓。 相似文献
11.
Wang Andong Ren Yuhe Sun Wenfu Yu Longwei Liang Jingming Cao Tianqing Gu Haoding 《地震学报(英文版)》1988,1(4):60-72
We have obtained altogether heat flux data of 23 drill holes including 2 observational holes of thermal flow in the Haicheng
seismic area. These data show roughly thermal structure of the crust in eastern Liaoning and in the Haicheng seismic area.
The results indicate that there is higher value of heat flow in the belt north by east from Liaoyang to Xiongyue, the average
thermal flux being 8.29× 10−2J/m2·s (2.0 hfu). The average thermal fulx in the Haicheng seismic area is 9.22×102J/m2·s (2.2 hfu).
Comparing with other known geophysical data of the Haicheng seismic area, we give a geophysical section of comprehensive interpretation.
We suppose the low-velocity layer in the lower crust of the Haicheng seismic area is a result from intrusion of large-scale
uper mantle substance. High temperature and low velocity mean that the layer has the nature of plastic mechanics. The focal
region of the Haicheng earthquake is situated right in the upper part of that plastic layer. Obviously, this result is significant
for studying the seismogenic process of the Haicheng earthquake and other intra-plate earthquakes.
We attempt to emphasize that observation of heat flow is necessary for earthquake study.
Gu Haoding did the actual writing. 相似文献
12.
The computation of static corrections requires information about subsurface velocities. This information can be obtained by different methods: surface wave analysis, short refraction lines, downhole times, uphole times and first arrivals from seismograms. For pure shear waves generated by SH sources the analysis of first arrivals from seismograms combined, if necessary, with short refraction lines has proved to be most accurate and economic. A comparison of first-arrival plots from P- and S-wave surveys of the same line measured in areas of unconsolidated sediments in northern Germany illustrates the characteristic differences between the two velocity models. P-waves show a marked velocity increase at the water table from about 600 to 1800 m/s. S-wave velocities of the same strata increase gradually from about 100 to 400 m/s. As a consequence, S-wave models are vertically and laterally more complex and, in general, show no significant velocity increase at a defined boundary as P-wave models do. Therefore, other suitable correction levels with specific velocities must be chosen. A comparison of “tgd-corrections” (correction time between geophone position and datum level) for P- and S-waves in areas of unconsolidated sediments shows that their ratio is different from the P-/S-velocity ratio for the respective correction level because of the greater depth of the S-wave refractor. Therefore, P- and S-waves are influenced by different near-surface anomalies, and time corrections calculated for both wave types are largely independent. 相似文献
13.
Using the P-and S-wave arrivals from the 150 earthquakes distributed in Tibetan Plateau and its neighboring areas, recorded
by Tibetan seismic network, Sichuan seismic network, WWSSN and the mobile network situated in Tibetan Plateau, we have obtained
the average P-and S-wave velocity models of the crust and upper mantle for this region:
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, Supp., 573–579, 1992. 相似文献
| (1) | The crust of 70 km average thickness can be divided into two main layers: 16 km thick upper crust with P-wave velocity 5.55 km/s and S-wave velocity 3.25 km/s; and 54 km thick lower crust with P-wave velocity 6.52 km/s and S-wave velocity 3.76 km/s. |
| (2) | The p-wave velocity at the upper most mantle is 7.97 km/s, and the S-wave 4.55 km/s. The low velocity layer in the upper mantle occurs approximately at 140 km deep with a thickness of about 55–62 km. The prominent velocity gradient beneath the LVZ is comparable to the gradient above it. |
14.
The Haicheng earthquake (Ms 7.3) occurred in Liaoning Province (39°N–43°N, 120°E–126°E ), China on February 4, 1975. The mortality rate was only 0.02% owing to the first timely and accurate prediction, although the area affected by the earthquake was 9200 km2 and covered cities with a population density of 1000 p/km2. In this study, the doubledifference (DD) tomography method was used to obtain high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) P- and S-wave velocity (Vp and Vs) structures and Vp/Vs as well as the earthquake locations. Tomography results suggest that velocity structure at shallow depth coincides well with topography and sediment thickness. The earthquake locations form a northwest-striking zone associated with the Jinzhou(JZ) Fault and a northeast-striking zone associated with the Haichenghe-Dayanghe (HD) Fault, and suggest that the JZ Fault consists of three faults and the Ms 7.3 Haicheng earthquake originated at the intersection of the JZ and the Faults. Lowvelocity zones (LVZs) with low Vp/Vs are observed at 15–20 km depth beneath the Haicheng (HC) region. We interpret the LVZs in the middle crust as regions of fluids, suggesting rock dehydration at high temperatures. The LVZs and low Vp/Vs in the upper crust are attributed to groundwater-filled cracks and pores. We believe that large crustal earthquakes in this area are caused by the combination of faulting and fluid movement in the middle crust. 相似文献
15.
本文研究采用单台法和双台法提取了穿越上扬子的基阶面波相速度和群速度频散;通过对提取的面波群速度和相速度频散进行联合反演,得到的1-D SV速度模型显示上扬子块体下地壳S波速度与典型克拉通区域相当,其上地幔顶部80~170 km深处存在高速的岩石圈盖层,较AK135模型要快2%~3%,其岩石圈厚度约为180 km.在上扬子地区,径向各向异性集中分布在300 km以浅的岩石圈与软流圈部分,其中岩石圈部分SH波比SV波波速要快2%~4%,软流圈部分SH波比SV波波速要快3%~5%;Rayleigh波相速度方位各向异性分析结果显示,上扬子块体周期为25~45 s（大致相当于30~70 km深度范围内）的Rayleigh波相速度存在1.8%~2.7%不等的方位各向异性,其快波方向介于147°~174°.我们认为上扬子块体径向各向异性集中分布在岩石圈、软流圈部分,且各向异性随深度变化, 其岩石圈部分各向异性为大陆克拉通化的遗迹,软流圈部分各向异性与现今板块运动相关. 相似文献
16.
通过对青藏高原东北缘不同构造单元深地震测深资料震相的综合分析,利用反射率理论地震图方法对实际记录模拟计算,进一步研究东北缘区域内部不同构造单元地壳细结构.结果显示：西秦岭褶皱造山带分隔了南北不同性质的地壳结构,北侧为相对稳定的临夏—兰州新生代盆地、南侧为强烈改造的松潘—甘孜地块;松潘—甘孜地块在青藏高原东北缘的构造演化过程中改造为萎缩的若尔盖高原盆地和盆地边缘褶皱造山两类不同的地壳结构;青藏高原东北缘中下地壳普遍存在以多层高低速相间、低速度结构为主的破碎松弛结构,这种特征在缝合带和造山带尤为明显,显示为地壳形变增厚、流变滑动的重要场所;结合二维速度结构及GPS研究结果,对青藏高原东北缘地壳形变及动力学过程进行了讨论. 相似文献
17.
This paper describes synthetically the seismic activity, deep and shallow structures and rock dynamic features in and near
Chaoyang—Yixian region. It is supposed that there is a low velocity layer in middle crust and the three-layered crustal velocities
are all lower than that in both sides of the region. There exists uplifts of upper mantle and asthenosphere-low resistance
layer. It is also studied the composition of matter of three-layered crust, low velocity layer, upper mantle and asthenosphere.
In the end the direct relations between the deep and shallow structure, composition and the seismic activity and new activities
of faults in this region are discussed.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,14, 180–186, 1992. 相似文献
18.
19.
Crustal structure beneath Liaoning province and the Bohai Sea and its adjacent region in China based on ambient noise tomography 
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下载免费PDF全文 The velocity structure of the crust beneath Liaoning province and the Bohai sea in China was imaged using ambient seismic noise recorded by 73 regional broadband stations. All available three-component time series from the 12-month span between January and December 2013 were cross-correlated to yield empirical Green's functions for Rayleigh and Love waves. Phasevelocity dispersion curves for the Rayleigh waves and the Love waves were measured by applying the frequencytime analysis method. Dispersion measurements of the Rayleigh wave and the Love wave were then utilized to construct 2D phase-velocity maps for the Rayleigh wave at8–35 s periods and the Love wave at 9–32 s periods,respectively. Both Rayleigh and Love phase-velocity maps show significant lateral variations that are correlated well with known geological features and tectonics units in the study region. Next, phase dispersion curves of the Rayleigh wave and the Love wave extracted from each cell of the 2D Rayleigh wave and Love wave phase-velocity maps,respectively, were inverted simultaneously to determine the3 D shear wave velocity structures. The horizontal shear wave velocity images clearly and intuitively exhibit that the earthquake swarms in the Haicheng region and theTangshan region are mainly clustered in the transition zone between the low-and high-velocity zones in the upper crust, coinciding with fault zones, and their distribution is very closely associated with these faults. The vertical shear wave velocity image reveals that the lower crust downward to the uppermost mantle is featured by distinctly high velocities, with even a high-velocity thinner layer existing at the bottom of the lower crust near Moho in central and northern the Bohai sea along the Tanlu fault, and these phenomena could be caused by the intrusion of mantle material, indicating the Tanlu fault could be just as the uprising channel of deep materials. 相似文献