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随着GPS定位技术的发展,目前国内一些远海特大型工程,主要是特大型桥梁的建设正迅速展开。远海工程的测量定位都得依靠GPS定位技术。由于海上施工放样的特殊性,在针对远洋工程施工的特点和技术要求的基础上,进行了施工放样方案选择和精度分析。通过在杭州湾跨海大桥的实践,摸索出在GPS静态测量的基础上用全站仪等常规测量仪器进行施工放样的方法,它能保证测量放样工作的速度和测量放样的精度。 相似文献
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区域重力调查中,GPS高程测量的精度直接影响重力测量成果的精度.用国内最新研制的测绘科技成果--CQG2000似大地水准面模型,对GPS测得的大地高程进行改算,可得到较高精度的正常高成果.方法应用于青海三江流域1:20万区域重力调查工作中,取得了较好的效果. 相似文献
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黄土塬区地形地貌复杂,地震勘探测量施工困难：一是GPS参考站如何布设;二是在大落差等特殊地形区域的GPS测量作业如何实施;三是在GPS作业盲区测量作业如何实现.针对以上难点,提出了三种测量施工方法：一是分阶段,逐步加密控制点进行工区内GPS参考站的布设;二是通过增加参考站电台天线的高度、发展多个参考站或使用中继站来解决GPS参考站主站信息覆盖不到区域的实测问题;三是通过全站仪、测绳等常规测量方法来实现GPS作业盲区物理点的逐点实测.应用以上测量方法,可有效解决地震勘探测量在黄土塬区遇到的问题,实现黄土塬区物理点的逐点实测. 相似文献
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ANSYS在煤矿开采数值模拟中应用研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
以典型矿井山东华丰矿、阜新五龙矿和北京大台井为例,利用ANSYS有限元软件,对煤矿开采引起的地表沉陷、冲击地压危险区域确定和俯伪斜采煤法参数优化进行了数值模拟分析.分别针对所处的地质条件和赋煤状况,建立了二维或三维有限元模型,模拟计算了地表沉陷曲线和最大沉陷位置,指出山东华丰矿随开采推进沉陷位移和影响范围将逐渐扩大,最大沉陷位移逐步向开采方向前移的规律,当开采800 m时出现最大下沉速度3.5 mm/d,最大沉陷位移为3.7 m.五龙矿311面当开采100m和400 m时分别由于火成岩墙和应力集中区贯通导致顶板易断裂而极易发生冲击地压事故;大台井俯伪斜采煤法煤层倾角只有在60°～67° 时,推采距离才对煤层顶板法向最大压应力具有明显影响,且顶底板法向最大位移规律为上部位移大于中部位移,西中部位移又大于下部位移,在煤层倾角70°时,工作面超前支撑压力作用范围最小为30 m,而下巷道支撑压力作用范围最大为25 m,巷道数为3时,顶板下巷道超前支撑压力峰值位置为5.3 m.ANSYS计算结果表明,该数值模拟是合理的,与实际情况基本吻合,说明ANSYS在煤矿开采领域是一种有效的数值模拟工具. 相似文献
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地质工程测量是地质找矿的基础工作,主要在地形复杂的山区进行。受交通困难,通讯不便,原国家等级三角点破坏严重,高等级GPS点、水准点分布不足等条件影响,使得传统测量的布网工作进行艰难。GPS(全球定位系统)测量与传统测量相比较具有作业效率高、定位精度高、测量数据可靠、不受通视条件影响以及适合地形复杂的山区控制测量,近几年广泛应用于各领域测量工作中。文中针对GPS控制测量原理及其在地质勘查测量中的应用进行详细阐述。 相似文献
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基于无人机载LiDAR的采煤沉陷监测技术方法——以宁东煤矿基地马连台煤矿为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探索采煤地表沉陷的高新监测技术方法是推动采煤沉陷监测的重要工作,无人机载LiDAR采煤塌陷监测技术是无人机与LiDAR构建的一种新型低空三维空间测量技术。以宁东煤炭基地马莲台煤矿采煤沉陷区为例,采用无人机机载LiDAR监测技术获取了2017年4月及8月2期三维点云数据,通过数据三维建模和沉降信息提取,得到了地面沉陷情况的三维立体图,监测出了3处地面沉降区,并利用实测水准点和已有GPS自动监测站数据,对该技术监测地面沉降的精度进行评估。研究结果表明,无人机机载LiDAR监测技术方法可满足采煤塌陷的立体监测需求,具有机动灵活、成本低、效率高、精度高等特点,未来可在类似地区推广应用。 相似文献
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在现代桥梁建设过程中,用常规控制测量的方法进行测量难以保证精度,为满足通视要求,往往还需要大量的砍伐工作,通过GPS定位技术在望东长江公路大桥控制网的建立中应用,提高了精度,减少了工作量,降低了成本,取得了事半功倍的效果。 相似文献
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肖进 《地质灾害与环境保护》2011,22(1):16-21,35
为实现对滑坡体进行实时监测和提高滑坡应急处置能力,利用计算机技术、网络技术和无线传输技术,将数字视频实时监控技术引入重大滑坡监测预警,开发滑坡远程监测预警系统.系统对吴家岩滑坡的监测表明,该系统能及时、准确和完整地反映滑坡体的变形及危险,出现异常立即自动报警. 相似文献
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The occurrence of rockfall incidents on the transportation network may cause injuries, and even casualties, as well as severe damage to infrastructure such as dwellings, railways, road corridors, etc. Passive protective measures (i.e., rockfall barriers, wire nets, etc.) are mainly deployed by operators of ground transport networks to minimize the impact of detrimental effects on these networks. In conjunction with these passive measures, active rockfall monitoring should ideally include the magnitude of each rockfall, its initial and final position, and the triggering mechanism that might have caused its detachment from the slope. In this work, the operational principle of a low-cost rockfall monitoring and alerting system is being presented. The system integrates measurements from a multi-channel seismograph and commercial cameras as the primary equipment for event detection. A series of algorithms analyze these measurements independently in order to reduce alarms originated by surrounding noise and sources other than rockfall events. The detection methodology employs two different sets of algorithms: Time–frequency analyses of the rockfall event’s seismic signature are performed using moving window pattern recognition algorithms, whereas image processing techniques are utilized to deliver object detection and localization. Training and validation of the proposed approach was performed through field tests that involved manually induced rockfall events and recording of sources (i.e., passing car, walking people) that may cause a false alarm. These validation tests revealed that the seismic monitoring algorithms produce a 4.17 % false alarm rate with an accuracy of 93 %. Finally, the results of a 34-day operational monitoring period are presented and the ability of the imaging system to identify and exclude false alarms is discussed. The entire processing cycle is 10–15 s. Thus, it can be considered as a near real-time system for early warning of rockfall events. 相似文献
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法国AQUAPOD Light分析仪和AQUAPOD case应急监测仪用于微量有毒有机物和常规水质参数的在线监测,可对未知有机污染物发出报警,是实用性很强的微量污染物在线监测技术手段。基于该系统已建立了17个珠江流域特征有毒污染物的在线监测模型,将其应用于珠江重点饮用水源地,并对数据模型进行了检验;系统还具备常规参数的监测能力,其对COD、TOC和硝酸盐类等污染物监测的数据经与实验室内测试结果相比较,数据误差分布的检验结果表明其准确度和精密度均较好。 相似文献
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近年来,江苏省邳州市北部石膏矿区发生了20多起采空塌陷灾害。由于传统的采空区地表土体变形监测方法均难以满足采空区地面塌陷监测超前预报的要求,为解决石膏矿区采空塌陷监测预警机制缺乏的问题,邳北石膏矿区开展了基于光纤传感技术的监测预警工作。根据前期调查分析和数值模拟等成果推导石膏矿地面塌陷机理,并采用光纤传感器对采空区上覆松散层底部含水层地下水位动态监测、深部岩土体位移监测及微震监测。在监测过程中,当水位变动幅度、岩土体位移突然超出正常波动值时或接收到较强震动信号时触发报警,在地面塌陷发生前期进行有效的预警,为防灾减灾工作提供充足的准备时间。通过监测预警工作的实施,验证了这些监测预警手段的有效性,可以为矿区地面塌陷地质灾害的监测、预报以及防治提供数据基础与科学依据,也可为石膏矿和其它类似条件的地面塌陷地质灾害防治和监测预警工作提供参考。 相似文献
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Early warning systems for slope instability are needed to alert users of accelerating slope deformation behaviour, enable evacuation of vulnerable people, and conduct timely repair and maintenance of critical infrastructure. Communities exposed to landslide risk in low- and middle-income countries seldom currently instrument and monitor slopes to provide a warning of instability because existing techniques are complex and prohibitively expensive. Research and field trials have demonstrated conclusively that acoustic emission (AE) monitoring can be an effective approach to detect accelerating slope movements and to subsequently communicate warnings to users. The objective of this study was to develop and assess a simple, robust, low-cost AE monitoring system to warn of incipient landslides, which can be widely deployed and operated by communities globally to help protect vulnerable people. This paper describes a novel AE measurement sensor that has been designed and developed with the cost constrained to a few hundred dollars (US). Results are presented from physical model experiments that demonstrate performance of the AE system in measuring accelerating deformation behaviour, with quantifiable relationships between AE and displacement rates. Exceedance of a pre-determined trigger level of AE can be used to communicate an alarm to users in order to alert them of a slope failure. Use of this EWS approach by communities worldwide would reduce the number of fatalities caused by landslides. 相似文献
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During the initiation and movement of debris flow, low frequency infrasound is generated and emitted with characteristics such as strong penetration, low attenuation, and a high propagation speed that is faster than the debris flow. Monitoring infrasound has been used in debris flow detection and early warning systems; however, although the current infrasound-based warning system of debris flow can provide an alarm when debris flow occurs, it cannot locate and track the movement of debris flow in real time, and cannot determine the arrival time of debris flow to its potential victims. Thus, the potential applications of low frequency infrasound in debris flow disaster prevention and reduction have not yet been fully explored. In this study, we constructed an optimal triangular monitoring array based on factors such as the terrain of the monitoring area and characteristics of infrasound propagation. Combined with the time-delay estimation method, we determined and established an acoustic source localization model based on the time difference of arrival. Furthermore, with the help of a GIS platform, a visualized localization and tracking system for debris flow movement was developed to achieve real-time monitoring of debris flow. The performance of the system on acoustic source localization was validated using a simulation test and long-term field monitoring of debris flow at Jiangjia gully in Dongchuan, Yunnan province, China. Both the simulation and field test results showed that the system has high localization accuracy and strong real-time response. The results of the monitoring system could provide more accurate warning information of debris flow to local government and residents, allowing them to take appropriate mitigation measures well in advance to reduce the loss of life and property caused by debris flows. 相似文献
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Ju-Liang Jin Yi-Ming Wei Le-Le Zou Li Liu Wei-wei Zhang Yu-liang Zhou 《Natural Hazards》2012,62(1):115-127
Early warning for sustainable utilization of regional water resources is an important control measure for regional water security
management. To establish operable and quantitative forewarning model, in this paper, a new forewarning model for sustainable
utilization of water resources based on BP neural network and set pair analysis (named BPSPA-FM for short) was established.
In the proposed approach, the accelerating genetic algorithm–based fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was suggested to determine
the weights of evaluation indexes, back-propagation neural network updating model was used to predict the values of the evaluation
indexes, and the set pair analysis was used to determine the function values of relative membership in variable fuzzy set
of the samples. BPSPA-FM was applied to early warning for sustainable utilization of regional water resources of Yuanyang
Hani terrace in Yunnan Province of China. The results show that the states of sustainable utilization in this system were
near the critical value between nonalarm and slight alarm from 1990 to 2000, the states of the system fell into slight alarm
and were rapidly close to intermediate alarm from 2001 to 2004, and the states of the system were predicted to be near the
critical value between slight alarm and intermediate alarm from 2005 to 2010. The main alarm indexes of the system were utilization
ratio of water in agriculture, control ratio of surface water, per capita water supply, per unit area irrigation water and
per capita water consumption. BPSPA-FM can take full advantage of the changing information of the evaluation indexes in adjacent
periods and the relationship between the samples and the criterion grades. The results of BPSPA-FM are reasonable with high
accuracy. BPSPA-FM is general and can be applied to early warning problems of different natural hazards systems such as drought
disaster. 相似文献
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在岩溶水文地质调查中,示踪试验的应用是较为广泛且行之有效的方法。为确定地下河系统的岩溶含水介质结构,采用高精度在线监测技术在广西壮族自治区贺州市合宝地下河主管道上进行示踪试验。试验采用的示踪剂为荧光素钠,在线监测设备为GGUN-FL30野外荧光分光光度计。试验结果显示: 合宝地下河入口S1与出口S4之间地下河以管道流为主要特征,结构相对简单,不存在溶潭等地下储水体; 示踪剂回收率为63.18%,说明该地下河还有其他排泄途径,很有可能为地下潜流。基于Qtracer2数据分析可知,合宝地下河枯季水流的最大流速为156.00 m/h,平均流速48.09 m/h,岩溶管道储水量26 714 m3,管道过水断面面积13.70 m2,平均直径4.18 m,弥散系数0.505 m2/s,纵弥散度37.81 m,摩擦系数0.178,雷诺数48 937,舍伍德数1 875.4,施密特数1 140。合宝地下河岩溶极其发育,含水介质不均一性强,为规模较大的单一管道系统。地下水流态呈紊流型,且局部具备承压特征。研究数据及成果为建立地下河系统数值模型提供了依据。 相似文献
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基于GIS的滑坡监测信息管理与分析系统 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
滑坡监测的信息量非常庞大,而传统的滑坡监测信息管理系统都是基于关系型数据库的管理、查询和分析,处理空间信息就显得力不从心。采用MO（Map Objects）集成开发的基于GIS的滑坡监测信息管理与分析系统,把滑坡的空间信息和监测信息通过GIS技术联系起来,实现系统管理、快速查询和多种可视化分析。系统不依赖任何GIS平台,可独立运行,并可根据具体的滑坡和监测项目定制,保证了系统的通用性,为滑坡灾害研究提供了系统的工具。介绍了该系统的结构设计和实现方法,并以三峡库区泄滩滑坡为例,介绍了该系统的应用。 相似文献