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为了解决碎软煤层本煤层钻孔施工困难,瓦斯抽采浓度低,抽采效果差,无法实现大面积区域预抽的问题,在现有煤矿井下定向钻进技术和水力压裂技术的基础上,结合前期研究成果,提出了顶板梳状长钻孔分段水力压裂技术,并在韩城矿区桑树坪二号井进行了现场试验。现场施工顶板梳状长钻孔主孔长度588 m,包含8个分支孔,钻孔总进尺1 188 m,主孔距煤层0~3.28 m,平面上覆盖约12.5 m。采用不动管柱分段水力压裂工艺,分4段进行水力压裂施工,累计注水2 012 m3,最大泵注压力8.74 MPa。压裂后最大影响半径大于30 m,且裂缝主要位于钻孔下方,向煤层延伸。压裂钻孔稳定抽采阶段瓦斯抽采纯量1.18 m3/min,抽采瓦斯体积分数平均43.54%。顶板梳状长钻孔分段水力压裂钻孔瓦斯抽采纯量是水力割缝钻孔的1.2倍,是本煤层顺层钻孔的4.0倍。试验结果表明,顶板梳状长钻孔分段水力压裂技术可有效避免本煤层常规钻孔施工过程中存在的塌孔、卡钻、喷孔等问题,实现了碎软低渗煤层大面积区域瓦斯预抽,为碎软低渗煤层区域瓦斯预抽提供了新思路和新方法。 相似文献
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随钻测量梳状定向钻进技术目前主要应用于煤矿瓦斯防治、地质异常体探测和探放水等领域。但该技术还未与水力压裂增透强化抽采技术相结合应用于煤层瓦斯防治领域,由于水力压裂增透强化抽采技术对钻孔特殊要求,相应钻探装备、钻孔设计和钻进成孔工艺均需要进行研究突破。本次研究成果融合了井下梳状定向长钻孔瓦斯抽采技术及水力压裂增透强化抽采技术的优点,形成了一套适合分段水力压裂梳状定向钻孔施工设备及工艺流程,能够满足对松软煤层瓦斯远距离与区域增透技术的需求,解决松软煤层透气性差、瓦斯抽采孔成孔性差、抽采距离短、抽采区域小等难题。 相似文献
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近年来在煤层气勘探开发实践中遇到诸多技术瓶颈,针对其中关键技术适用性开发问题,基于贵州地区煤储层呈薄煤层群赋存且构造复杂的地质背景,结合贵州地区煤层气成功开发、利用案例,提出了适用于贵州复杂地质条件下的煤层气开发及利用技术。贵州地区不同薄煤层群可根据实际间距情况采用光套管合层压裂、可捞式桥塞分段压裂等技术,煤层松软地区要加强防煤粉压裂技术及缝内转向技术的综合利用;松软低透煤层群应优选首采层,采动卸压后瓦斯抽采效果较好,同时加强定向长钻孔"以孔代巷"、松软煤层全程下套管、低透煤层CO2相变致裂或水力割缝等技术的综合应用,实践证明可有效增强瓦斯抽采效果。 相似文献
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韩城矿区碎软煤层发育,煤层透气性差,本煤层钻孔钻进困难,瓦斯抽采效果差。顶板梳状孔水力压裂技术结合了水力压裂技术和定向钻进技术二者的优势,是解决碎软低渗煤层瓦斯抽采难题的有效技术途径。在韩城矿区王峰煤矿3号煤层顶板粉砂岩中施工长钻孔并向煤层开分支,采用套管+封隔器座封的整体压裂方式进行水力压裂工程试验。钻孔总长度344 m,有效压裂长度284 m,累计注水量874.79 m3,最大泵注压力9.4 MPa。试验结束后对钻孔瓦斯抽采相关参数连续监测86 d,钻孔瓦斯抽采体积分数27%~51%,平均42.11%,钻孔瓦斯抽采纯量8.25~21.41 m3/min,平均17.02 m3/min,钻孔累计抽采瓦斯量约210万m3。与常规的穿层钻孔水力冲孔技术相比,该技术百米钻孔瓦斯抽采量提高了11.48倍,初步证明了该技术在碎软煤层瓦斯强化抽采领域的适用性。 相似文献
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瓦斯区域超前治理是实现煤矿安全、高效及智能化开采的重要保障,针对碎软煤层区域瓦斯高效抽采难题,以陕西韩城矿区3号煤层为研究对象,提出井下煤层顶板梳状长钻孔水力压裂区域瓦斯抽采模式。采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场试验等多手段相结合的方法,验证模式适用性,阐明紧邻煤层顶板梳状钻孔压裂裂缝延展规律、抽采机理和压裂曲线特征,进而建立适用于500 m孔深的集地质条件动态分析、分段水力压裂、封隔器遇阻解卡和压裂范围连续探查于一体的顶板梳状长钻孔裸眼分段水力压裂关键技术体系,实现煤层顶板梳状钻孔主孔轨迹距离煤层5 m左右、多段均匀压裂、压裂范围全孔监测和孔内事故高效处理。以此为基础,在韩城桑树坪二号井开展2孔次的工程实践：压裂主孔深度588 m、距3号煤层2 m左右,单孔压裂6段,压裂范围探查深度381 m、压裂影响半径20 m以上;压裂后,钻孔抽采瓦斯平均体积分数40%以上、瓦斯抽采量1 m3/min以上,抽采效果是常规钻孔的4倍,120 d瓦斯抽采有效半径可达9 m,实现了碎软煤层瓦斯区域高效抽采。并提出了适用于碎软煤层大区域瓦斯抽采以及高瓦斯压力碎软强突煤层远程区域抽采卸压等规模化应用技术思路。 相似文献
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针对我国低透气性煤层普遍存在瓦斯抽采效果差的现状,提出了利用大直径长钻孔水力压裂对煤层进行增透的技术措施,探讨了长钻孔水力压裂增透机理,并进行了煤矿井下煤层水力压裂瓦斯抽采试验。在成功施工顺层长钻孔的基础上,研发了一套适合井下水力压裂施工的快速封孔工具组合,分析了压裂过程中参数变化规律,提出了水力压裂影响范围、压裂效果和瓦斯抽采效果评价方法,并进行了考察和评价。研究表明:该技术克服了传统井下水力压裂存在的封孔质量差、压裂影响范围小等问题,压裂后煤层透气性系数提高了2.67倍,压裂最大影响半径达到了58 m,压裂后连续抽采130 d累计抽采纯瓦斯量为31.39万m3,日最高抽采量2 668 m3,瓦斯体积分数平均70.05%,百米钻孔瓦斯抽采纯量达到0.55 m3/min。 相似文献
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针对黄陇侏罗纪煤田中硬煤层渗透性差、瓦斯抽采浓度及流量衰减速度快等问题,利用自主研发的水力压裂成套工艺设备,提出煤层定向长钻孔水力压裂瓦斯高效抽采技术,并在黄陇煤田黄陵二号煤矿进行工程应用试验。现场共完成5个定向长钻孔钻探施工,单孔孔深240~285 m,总进尺1 320 m;采用整体压裂工艺对5个本煤层钻孔进行压裂施工,累计压裂液用量1 557.5 m3,单孔最大泵注压力19 MPa;压裂后单孔瓦斯抽采浓度及百米抽采纯量分别提升0.7~20.5倍、1.7~9.8倍;相比于普通钻孔,压裂孔瓦斯初始涌出强度提升2.1倍,钻孔瓦斯流量衰减系数降低39.6%。试验结果表明:采取水力压裂增透措施后,瓦斯抽采效果得到显著提升,煤层瓦斯可抽采性增加,为类似矿区低渗煤层瓦斯高效抽采提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
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井巷如何安全、高效揭穿突出煤层是防突工作不断探索的课题,地面预抽煤层瓦斯辅助消突不失为一种有效的解决途径。基于井巷揭煤突出机理和防突核心任务分析,研究了地面预抽辅助消突技术特点和适应性。工程应用表明,采用洞穴完井和水力压裂强化预抽,可有效降低井巷揭煤区煤层瓦斯含量和瓦斯压力,使揭煤区应力释放或泄压,破坏煤与瓦斯突出的物质基础和动力来源,从而变突出区域（煤层）为非突出区域（煤层）。地面预抽煤层瓦斯能够有效降低井巷揭煤防突工作难度,提高揭煤效率,适合复杂地质条件下石门、井筒揭煤防突工作。 相似文献
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Mining thin sub-layer as self-protective coal seam to reduce the danger of coal and gas outburst 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Dingqi Li 《Natural Hazards》2014,71(1):41-52
In response to the severe situation of coal mine gas disaster in China, a new method of reducing the danger of coal and gas outbursts and improving gas drainage and utilization in coal mines was introduced in this paper. The main idea of this method is to mining thin sub-layer as self-protective coal seam to eliminate or reduce the danger of coal and gas outburst. This method can be implemented by drills along seam and hydraulic jet when the mined seam with a relatively weak risk of coal and gas outbursts is soft or has a soft layer. This method was first applied in the Yian mine to verify its effectiveness. The results of application showed that mining thin sub-layer as self-protective coal seam can effectively eliminate the danger of coal and gas outburst and improve gas drainage and utilization. As this method needs less time and lower cost than conventional protective layer mining, it is of great significance for mining coal seam with the danger of coal and gas outburst. 相似文献
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Wei Guo-Ying Kang Fang-Chao Qin Bin-Bin Jia Tian-Rang Yan Jiang-Wei Feng Zhen-Dong 《Natural Hazards》2020,104(2):1841-1858
The gas outburst, resulting in substantial economic losses and even casualties, is the biggest obstacle in coal mines, mostly caused by an imbalance of gas-geological structure. For accurately measuring this proneness, in this paper, a novel evaluation method was proposed based on the gas-geology theory. In this method, a standardization model of statistical units was presented first, which was used to standardize and quantify the 12 chosen gas-geological factors; and then, an associated function was established for computing the gas-geological complexity index (GCI). With increasing GCI values, the evaluated area was divided into four grades: simple, medium, complex, and extremely complex region, in which the associated proneness of outbursts was SAFE, POTENTIAL, HIGH, STRONG, respectively. Taking the XueHu Coal Mine as an example, site verification was carried out with a good result. Research and application indicate that (1) gas outburst is unbalanced and closely related to the complex of the gas geological structure, showing a greater GCI leads to a higher outburst possibility; (2) the most likely area for the gas outburst is the extremely complex region and the transition zone between adjacent areas with different GCI grades; (3) upgrading-targeted control measures are the best way for preventing and controlling disasters caused by the gas and outburst unbalanced distribution. This novel method provided a reliable quantity approach for predicting and zonally managing gas outbursts and improving the effectiveness of outbursts prevention.
相似文献13.
随着浅部煤炭资源逐渐枯竭,我国煤矿相继进入深部开采阶段,煤与瓦斯突出灾害愈趋严重,采用水力割缝技术对煤体卸压是煤与瓦斯突出防治的一种有效手段。以平顶山某煤矿深部突出煤层为例,进行了不同水力割缝布置方式对煤层卸压防突效果影响的数值模拟研究。计算了水力割缝切割煤体横向深度,建立了水力割缝三维有限元模型,数值模拟得到了三种水力割缝布置方式（平行、菱形、交错）对煤体X、Y向应力场影响变化规律。结果表明：交错排列的水力割缝布置方式导致应力降影响范围几乎覆盖整个煤层,X向、Y向应力降显著,应力降幅度分别为91.6%、97.8%,均大于其他两种布置方式。因此交错排列的水力割缝布置方式既可以满足卸压范围需要,同时也能够较好释放深部煤层应力,卸压防突效果较好。 相似文献
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为满足煤矿自动化、智能化生产的快速发展及区域防突的迫切需求,推动煤矿大区域瓦斯灾害治理技术体系发展,针对传统煤层钻孔瓦斯抽采技术“钻不深、抽不出、检不了”等技术难题,系统分析近年来定向钻进、地面井、分段水力压裂、深孔取样、随钻探测等技术与装备在各大矿区不同地质条件下的应用效果。结果表明：目前已形成了基于大区域超前随钻地质勘探及预测、大区域地面及井下瓦斯抽采、非接触式连续在线动态预测等关键技术组成的煤矿瓦斯大区域治理技术体系,为推动煤层瓦斯治理技术的升级变革,实现不用或少用专用瓦斯治理巷道综合治理煤矿大区域瓦斯的目的奠定了基础。最后指出未来将发展核磁探测、伽马、雷达、深孔光纤等探测技术,以实现煤岩及地质异常体识别、瓦斯参数精确测定;发展地面水平井体积压裂高效开发及井上下联合增渗等技术,以提升井上下联合预抽效果;发展区域化超大流量压裂泵组或压裂工厂、连续油管压裂等技术与装备,以提升煤矿井下区域化增渗效果;发展风险信息融合感知、突出前兆特征智能识别、瓦斯超限预警等技术,以实现区域连续精准预测及智能预报警。 相似文献
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Gas outburst disasters are becoming more serious as the underground coal mines become deeper in China, and a thick zone of deformed coal provides conditions favorable to coal and gas outbursts. The Daning coal mine’s main mining seam is the No. 3 coal seam with coal and gas outburst hazard, which often contains two normal coal sub-layers and one deformed sub-layer. Considering both the geological conditions of the coal seam and applications of the in-seam directional longhole drilling technology, a new schematic diagram of in-seam directional longholes for gas drainage is developed. The two borehole layout models of longwall panel and main entries for gas outburst disasters control have been successfully applied. The gas drainage rates of both models are >70 %, and the residual gas contents are both <8 m3/t, which can be considered that the gas outburst disasters were effectively controlled. To better guide gas drainage, gas drainage normal and failure modes have been obtained. Although in-seam directional longhole technology has been successfully applied for regional gas drainage with benefits to gas outburst control, there are also some problems that are detrimental to greenhouse gas reductions in gas drainage and gas utilization. The three main problems are air leakage failure in gas drainage, decreasing gas concentration and a low gas utilization ratio. To address the problems mentioned above, five improvements are suggested. 相似文献
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Coal and gas outburst hazard in Zonguldak Coal Basin of Turkey,and association with geological parameters 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Coal and gas outbursts have been a major geological hazard to underground coal mining for over 150 years and continue to cause serious problems in all over the world. In order to have a better understanding of the phenomenon, it is worthwhile making a historical review of the occurrences and a combat of the events. Many investigations and researches have been done to characterize and prevent the outburst occurrences in the worldwide, but there has been no detailed investigation about coal and gas outburst occurrences in Turkey. This paper presents the outburst data of coal mines in Turkey since 1969. Based on the observation of outburst occurrence in Turkey in the period from 1969 to 2012 as well as mining and geological conditions, detailed analysis of the possible causes of outburst accidents is conducted. The influences of some geological parameters such as the depth of occurrence, thickness and inclination of coal seams, the amount of ejected material (coal and gas), and tectonic disturbances on coal and gas outburst occurrences have been statistically investigated. The outburst occurrences throughout the world were reviewed and compared with the Turkish outburst experiences. Suggestions are put forward on future studies that could be of interest to government agencies regarding strategic policies, proper technical management practice, identification of outburst-prone coal seams, as well as prevention and control measures. 相似文献
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煤与瓦斯突出灾害的有效防治一直是我国煤矿安全生产面临的挑战性难题,其前提和基础是对煤与瓦斯突出机理的深入研究。全面阐述我国近70年来在煤与瓦斯突出机理研究领域所开展的工作和取得的成绩,其研究过程分别经历了积极探索阶段(1955—1977年)、理论奠定阶段(1978—2002年)、快速发展阶段(2003—2015年)和稳定发展阶段(2016年至今);基于文献计量学方法和科学知识图谱分析,探讨了突出机理的研究热点和前沿趋势。分别从理论假说、物理模拟、数值模拟3个方面系统总结了我国煤与瓦斯突出机理研究进展：理论假说方面,在综合作用假说的基础上,针对我国煤矿实际情况形成了以流变假说、球壳失稳理论、力学作用假说等为代表的新观点和新理论,奠定了突出理论研究基础;物理模拟方面,围绕突出主控因素、多物理场演化、能量转化与失稳条件、地质构造与构造煤、两相流致灾机制等方面进行了大量的试验研究,基本掌握了突出的发动条件、发展过程、演化规律及影响因素;数值模拟方面,主要开展了突出煤层、地质构造和突出两相流等方面的模拟研究,然而由于突出过程和影响因素的复杂性,仍无法实现突出全过程的模拟分析。目前,已初步形成了具... 相似文献