共查询到13条相似文献，搜索用时 296 毫秒
1.
在控制吸力的非饱和土三轴试验中对试样进行变形测量,常规方法都存在一些难以克服的技术缺陷。数字图像测量技术的引入,为避免常规测量方法的技术缺陷对试验结果的影响提供了一种新的解决方案。同时,能够更加准确地测量受端部约束影响较小的试样中部1/3区域的局部轴向变形、径向变形和估算体积变形。在控制吸力条件下进行了非饱和压实土的三轴压缩试验,运用数字图像测量方法测量试样整体与中部1/3区域的变形,将两组试验数据进行比较分析,结果表明：端部约束对非饱和土试样变形有明显的影响,试样中部1/3区域的变形性质与试样整体存在明显差异,其试验结果更能反映非饱和土试样的基本变形性质。 相似文献
2.
在进行土工试验时,土样端部摩擦效应和初始缺陷都可以引起试样的不均匀变形,进而形成宏观的剪切带。基于数字图像测量技术改进了GDS多功能三轴仪,进行砂土的固结排水三轴试验,获得了试样在不同时刻的应变等值线云图和局部应力-应变全曲线,研究了试样端部的摩擦效应。结果表明,端部摩擦显著地影响试样的力学特性,对径向应变的影响可达10%。通过在砂土试样中放置粉质黏土块的方法获得了宏观不均匀土样,并测试其剪切带的形成过程。测试结果表明,试样在两种材料的界面处形成不连续刚度,引起变形的不均匀发展,进而形成宏观的剪切带而破坏。 相似文献
3.
将数字图像处理技术应用于土工三轴试验土样变形测量,提供了一种新的非接触变形测量手段。可消除传统三轴系统的变形测量误差,可测量土样任意部分的局部变形、剪切带的形成和发展过程,可定量分析橡皮膜嵌入的影响,还可实时跟踪并纪录土样变形过程。文中讨论了图像测量结果与传统测量结果的差别,指出对于标准的小三轴试样可以取中间40 mm左右的试样段进行变形测量以排除端部效应影响。 相似文献
4.
端部摩擦效应是三轴试验的常见问题之一。相对于常规三轴试验,由于在茂木式真三轴试验中方形试样4个端部需设置两对端部垫块,从而导致端部摩擦问题更加突出。运用FLAC3D,针对Mohr-Coulomb材料,即无中间主应力影响材料,模拟真三轴加载过程中端部摩擦对试样强度和变形行为的影响。计算结果表明,端部摩擦也可以产生虚假中间主应力效应,即使对于无中间主应力效应材料,中间主应力也会导致最大破坏主应力的增加,且摩擦系数越大,这种趋势则越明显。分析了端部摩擦产生这种趋势的原因,指出了真三轴试验中减小端部摩擦的重要性。 相似文献
5.
将数字图像测量技术应用于常规土工三轴试验,解决了常规土工三轴试验传统变形测量中的一系列难题。自主研发了三轴图像测量系统,发展历程可概括为3个阶段：（1）基于边缘识别的三轴试样变形图像测量,通过跟踪边缘位置的变化确定土样的径向变形,识别橡皮膜上的白色标志线确定土样的轴向变形;（2）基于角点识别的三轴试样变形图像测量,用方形标志块将橡皮膜表面离散成若干单元,测量跟踪单元每一角点（节点）的位置,可得任意时刻的土样表面节点的位移,应用有限元技术,可以得到土样表面的位移（变形）场和应变场;（3）三轴土样变形全表面数字图像测量,以基于角点识别的前表面三轴试样变形测量为基础,增设一组平面镜,用一台摄像机实现了圆柱体土样360度全表面的变形测量,得到每一时刻的表面变形场和应变场。三轴土样变形数字图像测量系统具有传统测量方法无可比拟的优点,对于推动土力学,特别是土的本构关系研究具有重要价值。 相似文献
6.
作为一种数字图像测量方法,亚像素角点检测能够在数字图像中可以发现角点的亚像素精度的位置（简称亚像素角点检测方法）。在土工三轴试验中应用该方法使得试样的变形测量更加简便。通过使用高精度标定板,对该数字图像测量方法进行了精度分析,结果表明亚像素角点检测方法的轴向和径向测量的标准差都达到了0.02个像素,相对测量精度达到10-4数量级。在三轴压缩试验条件下,同时使用高精度位移传感器和该测量方法对小变形的干性试样进行了变形测量,证明亚像素角点检测方法对试样变形的测量结果是精确可靠的。 相似文献
7.
将计算机数字图像测量技术应用于土工静力三轴试验的土样变形测量,实现了土样变形的非接触测量。针对南宁饱和细砂,采用干装敲击法和控制不同初始成样含水率的湿装夯实法制备松砂和密砂试样,联合采用数字图像测量技术与常规三轴变形量测方法,在不同围压下进行了固结排水剪切试验。着重探讨了成样方法、初始成样含水率、密实程度、固结围压对两种量测方法所获得的应力-应变关系与邓肯-张模型中的切线模量5参数的影响。试验结果表明：成样方法、初始成样含水率、密实程度和围压决定土样的剪切破坏形式,影响应力-应变关系;剪切破坏的形式以及剪切带位置的不同,导致图像测量和常规三轴试验获得的轴向应变和偏应力数值均存在不同程度的差异;邓肯-张模型5参数不仅受到试样的成样方法、初始成样含水率、密实程度的影响,而且受到量测方法的影响。 相似文献
8.
一、土动三轴仪及测试技术三轴试验是对工程十分有用的一种基本测试手段。通常是在三轴室上部测量试样的轴向变形,在试样中部的侧面上测量侧向变形。由于试样两端与上盏板和底座之间的摩擦力以及接触面的变形,使测量结果产生误差。因此,可在试样的中间一段,测量三个部位的侧向变形。 相似文献
9.
利用三轴土样变形数字图像测量系统进行研究,发现不同测量方式得出的Duncan-Chang模型参数的差别很大。分析得出,数字图像局部变形非接触式测量与传统整体测量方式是导致模型参数存在差异的主要原因。数值算例说明了模型参数差别对位移计算结果的影响程度,变形数字图像测量得到的模型参数K和Kb比传统测量的结果高2~3倍,相应的位移计算结果是传统测量方法模型参数计算得到结果的一半。 相似文献
10.
将数字图像测量技术运用于三轴剪切蠕变试验,试验结果表明,土粒间水膜厚度对土的蠕变有很大的影响,不排水时,试样土颗粒间水膜保持不变,土的黏滞系数基本为一定值,土的流变变形较大;排水时,随着水的排出土体发生固结硬化,土颗粒间水膜变薄,土的密度增大,黏滞性增强,流变变形较小。在排水条件下,加载瞬间孔隙水压力会持续上升产生Manadei-Cryer效应,整个过程历时约10 min。随着偏应力水平的增加,试样发生鼓胀变形,进而形成剪切面发生剪切破坏;受排水路径的影响,剪切面通常位于试样偏下部位。对比数字图像测量方法和试样排水体积换算法在获得剪切应变时的试验结果,表明试验过程中试样变形的不均匀会导致排水体积换算法在计算剪切应变时产生较大误差;Singh-Mitchell模型很好地描述土的剪切流变特性,确定参数时两种方法得到的参数相差不大,偏应力水平较低时可采用排水量换算法进行确定。 相似文献
11.
Based on the three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC) technique, the stereovision system has been applied to the improved triaxial apparatus to obtain 3D full-field deformation of the specimen during triaxial testing. Through the calibration process, the 3D-DIC technique can obtain the accurate specimen’s spatial displacement deformation. Meanwhile, a subpixel edge detection algorithm has been combined with 3D-DIC technique to calculate the radial strain and the volume strain of the specimen directly. Furthermore, a series of consolidated drained and undrained triaxial tests were carried out on Hainan (China) sand specimens and measured by the conventional and the image measurement methods. Compared to the results measured by the conventional method, the image measurement technique can obtain the more experimental data, such as the 3D displacement field of the whole specimen, the local strain distribution, and so on. The measurement results also show the conventional method would be disturbed by the end constraints in triaxial tests so that the strength of the soil would be overestimated. Meanwhile, the middle of the specimen would be selected to calculate the stress–strain relationship without the influence of the end constraints in the proposed method. Based on the image measurement results, the proposed method has the potential to be used in geotechnical tests for exploring the soil’s progressive failure behaviors, inhomogeneous deformation and mechanical characteristics. 相似文献
12.
The present paper evaluates the role of microfabric in strain localization patterns observed in soil specimens during its shear deformation in compression and extension triaxial testing. A series of compression and extension lubricated end triaxial tests are performed on Kaolin clay with extreme as well as intermediate microfabrics, which are obtained using slurry consolidation technique by varying calagon content from 0 to 3 %. Intermediate microfabric is the geometric arrangement of particles within the soil mass, which lies in between the particle orientation during two extreme microfabrics; flocculated and dispersed. Flocculated has random orientation of particles with face-to-edge particle contacts and dispersed has parallel orientation of particles with face-to-face particle contacts. When the specimen is subjected to large stress levels in triaxial testing, the particle orientation and geometric arrangement get affected due to the force acting on the clay platelets. In this experimental research, the variation in clay’s stress–strain and pore pressure response and initiation, propagation and formation of shear bands at different levels of compression and extension shearing is evaluated using digital image analysis setup associated with triaxial system. 相似文献
13.
Triaxial test has been widely used to investigate the stress–strain relationship of unsaturated soils. During triaxial testing, soil volume is an essential parameter to be measured. For an unsaturated soil, due to the presence of air phase, accurate volume/deformation measurement during triaxial testing was a great challenge for researchers. Recently, a photogrammetry-based method has been developed to measure the soil volume/deformation during triaxial testing. Preliminary triaxial test results indicate the new method is simple, accurate, and cost- and time-effective. However, some concerns regarding its measurement accuracy and applicability, which are critical for the dissemination of the photogrammetry-based method, have been raised by other researchers. These concerns were addressed in details in this study. The factors concerning the deformation measurement accuracy were systematically evaluated through a series of triaxial tests on an aluminum cylinder with different confining media and chamber pressures. A sensitivity analysis was carried out to investigate the impact of the system parameters on the volume measurement accuracy of the photogrammetry-based method. In addition, a triaxial test on a saturated sand specimen was conducted to evaluate the influences of mesh density, mesh pattern, and interpolation technique on the volume change measurement accuracy. Finally, some suggestions were provided to improve the accuracy of the photogrammetry-based measurement method. 相似文献
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