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1.
鄂尔多斯盆地南部店头地区直罗组砂岩成岩演化与铀成矿 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
通过鄂尔多斯盆地南部店头地区含矿砂岩的普通薄片观察、薄片染色、阴极发光、扫描电镜及能谱分析、电子探针、全岩及粘土矿物X衍射、流体包裹体等分析,对研究区直罗组含矿砂岩成岩作用进行了较全面的研究,探讨了成岩演化与铀成矿的关系。研究认为,直罗组砂岩成岩环境经历了由酸性到碱性再到酸性、由同生期氧化→浅埋期弱还原→短暂抬升期弱氧化→深埋期还原增强→大幅度抬升期氧化还原过渡的演化过程,该过程控制着铀离子的迁移、聚集以及最终的定位。该砂岩型铀矿形成于盆地埋藏成岩作用晚期（相当于表生作用阶段）相对埋藏较浅的氧化一还原过渡带。 相似文献
2.
通过岩心及薄片的观察,结合扫描电镜阴极发光等资料分析,对哈拉哈塘地区东河砂岩成岩作用进行了研究。结果表明：东河砂岩以岩屑石英砂岩为主,成岩作用类型有压实作用、胶结作用、溶解作用及交代作用。综合成岩作用的组合类型及其演化序列,认为本区东河砂岩主体处于中成岩阶段A期。分别讨论了沉积相、埋藏作用和层序地层等对成岩作用的控制,研究区东河砂岩在低温背景下,长期浅埋且晚期短暂快速深埋,总体上压实程度中等;主要发育滨岸和浪控三角洲沉积体系,在高精度层序界面附近,相对海平面上升,可容纳空间增大,沉积物沉积速率相对较低,且停留时间长,在同生成岩和早成岩阶段容易形成广泛分布的碳酸盐胶结。 相似文献
3.
富瑞奥组砂岩中由埋藏成岩作用产生的胶结物分怀渗透率和流体活动有关。砂岩成岩作用与流体活动的相互关系表明了岩石改造主要是碎屑矿物，延寿矿物与孔隙中的地层水发生反应的结果。埋藏期间地层水优先流经高孔渗砂岩。 相似文献
4.
阴极发光分析在恢复砂岩碎屑长石含量中的应用——鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界和川西凹陷三叠系须家河组的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
鄂尔多斯盆地山西组、太原组和四川盆地须家河组的砂岩都是中国重要的天然气储集层,其特征是具有极低的长石含量和广泛的方解石胶结作用.对这些地层的样品进行了阴极发光分析并很好地揭示了方解石胶结作用发生前的砂岩组构.研究表明:在这些含煤地层的砂岩中,至少有10%～20%的长石在埋藏成岩过程中被煤系地层的酸性流体所溶解,因而砂岩的高成分成熟度和较大的"粒间孔隙体积"都不是原生的.另外,残余长石的阴极发光性还表明:埋藏成岩过程中被溶解的长石主要是钾长石,说明在风化、搬运和埋藏成岩作用的早期阶段,钾长石是相对稳定的,更多的斜长石是在埋藏前或埋藏成岩作用的早期阶段被溶解的,因而钾长石应是碎屑岩埋藏成岩过程中对次生孔隙贡献最大的长石类型. 相似文献
5.
鄂尔多斯盆地山西组、太原组和四川盆地须家河组的砂岩都是中国重要的天然气储集层,其特征是具有极低的长石含量和广泛的方解石胶结作用。对这些地层的样品进行了阴极发光分析并很好地揭示了方解石胶结作用发生前的砂岩组构。研究表明：在这些含煤地层的砂岩中,至少有10%~20%的长石在埋藏成岩过程中被煤系地层的酸性流体所溶解,因而砂岩的高成分成熟度和较大的“粒间孔隙体积”都不是原生的。另外,残余长石的阴极发光性还表明：埋藏成岩过程中被溶解的长石主要是钾长石,说明在风化、搬运和埋藏成岩作用的早期阶段,钾长石是相对稳定的,更多的斜长石是在埋藏前或埋藏成岩作用的早期阶段被溶解的,因而钾长石应是碎屑岩埋藏成岩过程中对次生孔隙贡献最大的长石类型。 相似文献
6.
彭阳油田延长组长3段砂岩储层质量控制因素研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
彭阳油田位于鄂尔多斯盆地西南部,其上三叠统延长组长3段砂岩已发现商业油流,但是对其储层砂岩质量控制因素仍然缺乏了解。本文根据钻井、测井、岩心观察、铸体薄片、扫描电镜与岩心物性资料,研究了长3段层序格架与沉积相、砂岩成分与成岩作用特征及其对长3段砂岩储层质量的影响。长3段砂岩为发育在高位体系域早期的具有加积-进积准层序组特征的小型辫状河三角洲平原分流河道沉积,砂体孤立而不连续,成岩环境流体循环不畅而相对封闭,不利于早成岩期酸性大气水的普遍淋滤。长3段砂岩以长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑砂岩为主。高岩屑和长石含量使砂岩在早期成岩压实中损失了大量粒间孔,高白云岩岩屑含量促进了埋藏成岩期间硬石膏与铁白云石的大量胶结,进一步减少了粒间孔隙。三角洲平原环境促进了早期成岩过程中颗粒蒙脱石包膜的形成,并在埋藏成岩过程中转换为绿泥石包膜或伊利石,尤其是绿泥石包膜抑制了石英增生,使粒间孔得以保存。早成岩期的酸性大气水与埋藏成岩期的有机酸对长石、云母或岩屑的溶蚀对砂岩储层质量的贡献相对有限。长3段砂岩孔隙以残余粒间孔为主,这暗示长3段砂岩在晚三叠世末期剥蚀与侏罗纪末期-新生代的抬升（降低了长3段压实程度）以及埋藏成岩过程中绿泥石颗粒包膜的形成是长3段砂岩孔隙保存的最重要因素。成岩作用促进了长3段孤立砂体的致密化,加剧了该砂岩储层预测难度。 相似文献
7.
从我国西部地区油气盆地砂岩成岩-成孔演化的控制因素和成因机制的角度，阐述了砂岩埋藏热效应-构造应力成因类型的成岩作用概念与特征．砂岩在经受埋藏热效应成岩作用的过程中，还受到构造挤压、构造滑脱推覆和基底块断隆升等三种作用方式的构造变形作用影响．由构造挤压应力引起的砂岩减孔量在0．094％～0．1141％／MPa之间，印平均每增加1MPa的构造挤压应力可使砂岩孔隙度减少0．1051％．中国西部地区的(类)前陆盆地、走滑-冲断盆地和碰撞造山带内盆地等挤压型盆地中均存在着埋藏热效应-构造应力成因类型的成岩作用，其最大特点是成岩演化阶段的阶递性和突变性以及演化过程的复杂性。 相似文献
8.
川西须家河组超致密砂岩成岩作用与相对优质储层形成机制 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
川西须家河组砂岩是我国重要的天然气储层和产层,同时也是我国埋藏深度最大和最为致密的碎屑岩储层之一,在其超致密背景下发育有对天然气聚集有利的相对优质储层.须家河组砂岩埋藏后经历了复杂的成岩作用,相对优质储层中次生孔隙与原生孔隙并存.本文基于对川西须家河组超致密砂岩的岩石学、矿物学、地球化学和其它储层特征研究,总结了川西深埋藏条件下须家河组砂岩的成岩作用特征及其相对优质储层的形成机制. 相似文献
9.
<正> 砂岩具有共同的碎屑矿物、沉积环境和埋藏史,也具有共同的成岩史。据对世界各地100处砂岩的成岩史研究,已识别出五种共同的、可复原的和能预测的成岩类型,每种类型都有特定的相似矿物组合(图1)。1 成岩类型石英为主其中常见有少量新生成的粘土(如高岭石和 相似文献
10.
石油侵位对碎屑储集岩成岩序列的影响及其与孔隙演化的关系——以塔西南坳陷石炭系石英砂岩为例 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
塔里木盆地西南坳陷地区的石炭系石英砂岩为一套分布稳定的滨浅海相碎屑岩沉积,在不同地区均具有相似的初始孔隙度。但在成岩期间,由于受构造活动的影响,在塔西南坳陷内部形成了两个重要的次级构造单元,即巴楚隆起区和麦盖提斜坡区,从而导致石炭系石英砂岩经历了不同的埋藏成岩环境的改造,具体体现在其成岩演化序列上具明显的差异性。在巴楚隆起区石炭系砂岩经历了稳定的持续埋藏成岩环境的改造,其成岩演化序列比较完整,各种成岩矿物的溶解、沉淀均在水－岩两相反应系统中进行,成岩阶段可达晚成岩阶段Ｂ期,甚至Ｃ期,因此砂岩原生孔隙破坏严重,平均孔隙度小于５％。而在麦盖提斜坡区,石炭系石英砂岩由于埋藏成岩深度始终小于隆起区,因此其成岩阶段多分布在晚成岩Ａ期－Ｂ期,特别是石油侵位作用的影响,使成岩反应在水－油－岩三相介质中进行,从而抑制了多数自生粘土矿物的沉淀作用,导致成岩演化序列的不连续性,但同时又保存了许多有效的储集空间,使该区砂岩平均孔隙度保持在７％±,高于隆起区,据此认为麦盖提斜坡区是近期在石炭系砂岩储层中进行油气勘探的最有利区域。 相似文献
11.
Shao nan Zhang Knut Bj Φ rlykke 《沉积学报》2000,18(1):119-126
The timing and duration of
quartz cementation in sandstones have been mainly inferred from diagenetic texture,
relationship between pore filling minerals, fluid inclusions and isotopic data. Fluid
inclusion temperatures from North Sea reservoir sandstones indicate that most of the
quartz cement forms at temperature exceeding 90℃ and is continually proceeding after oil
emplacement, based on the fluid inclusion temperatures in quartz overgrowth which is
approaching the bottom-hole temperatures. The duration of quartz cement after oil
emplacement depends upon the saturation of porewater and the distribution of pore water
film and the property of water-wet or oil-wet of the reactants. The leaching of K-feldspar
by meteoric water requires pore water flow to move the released potassium and sodium and
silica out the solution, which suggests the mechanism does not appear to be a major source
of silica for quartz cementation. The quartz cementation coincidence with the compaction
and pressure solution suggests the major source of silica. The alteration of feldspar by
illitization of kaolinite may serve as another important source of silica at deep burial
depth. External sources are not need to call on for illustrating the quartz cementation,
because there is no evidences for large scale convection of pore water flow occurred in
the burial history of reservoir sandstones of middle Jurassic in the North Sea. 相似文献
12.
Diagenetic alterations of the upper Jurassic scleractinian corals,Hanifa Formation,Jabal Al-Abakkayn,central Saudi Arabia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mohammad E. Al-Dabbagh Abdelbaset S. El-Sorogy 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2016,87(3):337-344
During diagenetic stages, the aragonitic skeletons and the inter/intra-corallite cement of the upper Jurassic corals of Hanifa Formation either dissolved or subjected to diagenetic alterations including cementation, micritization, recrystallization, silicification, dolomitization and dedolomitization. The proposed sequence of diagenetic stages is as follows: early marine diagenesis, early meteoric and mixing zone diagenesis, late meteoric diagenesis, and shallow burial diagenesis. Each stage is characterized by certain diagenetic processes. The source of sulfate solutions for dedolomitization in the studied corals is the dissolved anhydrite deposits of the Arab–Hith Formations, sometime before their erosion. A possible source of silica, needed for the formation of chert and chalcedony, is the sponge spicules dispersed in many carbonates of the Hanifa Formation. 相似文献
13.
Ibrahim M. Ghandour Hamad A. Al-Washmi Rashad A. Bantan Mohamed M. Gadallah 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(1):355-365
The present study describes the petrographic and petrophysical characteristics of three stratigraphically asynchronous beachrocks (A, B, and C) along the Red Sea coast at Al-Shoaiba area, Saudi Arabia, to identify the compositional, depositional, and diagenetic controls on beachrock formation and their petrophysical properties. The beachrocks at the three locations consist basically of calcareous skeletal remains of different types and grain size reflecting the composition of adjacent beach sediments and the depositional conditions. They were cemented by aragonite and high-Mg calcite (HMC) in intertidal zone. The cement exhibits three major fabrics: (1) micritic coatings, (2) isopachous to asymmetric aragonite rim, and (3) cryptocrystalline pore-fillings HMC. In addition, some intergranular and intragranular pores were partially filled with infiltrated silt-sized carbonate and siliciclastic sediments. The cementation was accomplished by the combination of inorganic and organic processes, and the former was dominant through evaporation of pore-filling seawater under hot and dry climatic conditions. Cementation in the present beachrocks is selective; carbonate grains are cemented, whereas siliciclastic grains are cement free. The cement nucleation on carbonate grains was easier than on siliciclastic grains which do not provide good "seed crystals" for carbonate cement growth. The petrophysical measurements are in agreement with petrographic studies. The degree of cementation is the major control on petrophysical characteristics where the lowest and highest porosity and permeability values were obtained from the least cemented beachrocks of location A and the highest cemented beachrocks of location B, respectively. The thickness of cement seems to be controlled by cement precipitation rate, grain size, and size and shape of pore spaces. The coarse sediments of beachrocks at location B were deposited under higher depositional energy than those at locations A and C, and therefore, their primary pore spaces were large enough to be filled with seawaters. Under hot and dry climate, cement precipitation increases leading to partial to complete occlusion of pore spaces. 相似文献
14.
碎屑岩储层成岩作用复杂而强烈,对储层物性有着重要影响。应用岩相学研究方法,在对鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区延长组长4+5低渗砂岩储层成岩作用及其对物性影响定量研究基础上,探讨了低渗储层成因机理。成岩作用和孔隙演化研究表明,压实作用虽然造成12%～20%的孔隙度损失,但是压实后剩余孔隙度仍高达15%～23%,早期胶结作用使孔隙度损失很小,压实作用和早期胶结作用并没有使储层致密,不影响油气渗流。溶蚀作用进一步改善了储层,晚成岩阶段A期-B期形成的钠长石、亮晶方解石、白云石、自生高龄石和铁绿泥石等大量胶结物的晚期胶结作用使储层孔隙度仅有4%～6%,储层因此而致密,由此影响油气渗流。晚期裂隙作用对储层孔隙度贡献为6%～8%,改善了储层物性而使其成为有效储层。盆地演化及与之对应的成岩事件研究认为,印支运动前,姬塬地区长4+5储层处于浅埋藏阶段,经历压实作用和早期胶结作用,早-中侏罗世长 7烃源岩进入未成熟-低熟阶段,形成富含有机酸流体进入储层而发生溶蚀作用,早白垩世中-晚期进入深埋藏成岩阶段,晚期胶结物大量形成而使储层致密。生烃增压作用导致的裂隙以及晚白垩世以来的构造运动形成的裂缝对研究区长4+5有效储层形成具有非常重要意义,同时对低渗油气藏勘探也具有指导意义。 相似文献
15.
The diagenetic environment, diagenetic responses, diagenetic transformation model and formation mechanisms of high-quality reservoirs (beach-bar sandstones of the Paleogene fourth member) in the Dongying depression were studied through the analysis of fluid inclusions, thin section and burial evolution history. The diagenetic fluids of the beach-bar sandstone reservoirs evolved from early high salinity and weak alkalinity to low salinity and strong acidity, late high salinity and strong alkalinity and late low salinity and acidity, which were accompanied by two stages of oil and gas filling. The fluids at the margins of the sandbodies were continuously highly saline and strongly alkaline. The western (eastern) reservoirs experienced early open (closed), middle open, and late closed diagenetic environments during their burial history. The flow pattern was characterized by upwelling during the majority of the diagenesis (in the east, a non-circulating pattern transitioned into an upwelling current). Due to the evolution of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic sequence of the beach-bar reservoirs was as follows: early weak carbonate cementation; feldspar and carbonate cement dissolution and authigenic quartz cementation; late carbonate and anhydrite cementation, authigenic feldspar cementation, and late quartz dissolution; and late carbonate cementation, feldspar dissolution, and authigenic quartz cementation. The diagenetic strength during these stages varied or was absent altogether in different parts of the reservoirs. Due to the closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow pattern of the diagenetic fluids, the diagenetic products are variably distributed in the sandstones interbedded with mudstones and in the fault blocks. The evolution of multiple alternating alkaline and acidic diagenetic environments controlled the distribution patterns of the reservoir diagenesis and reservoir space, and the reservoir quality index, RQI, increased gradually from the margins to the centers of the sandstones. The closeness of the diagenetic environment and the flow patterns of the diagenetic fluids controlled the differences in the reservoir properties among the fault blocks. With increasing distance from the oil-source faults, the RQI values in the west gradually decreased and in the east initially increased and then decreased. 相似文献
16.
17.
作者应用阴极发光显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针及包体测温等手段,对华北太原组石英砂岩的硅质胶结现象、形成温度、物质来源及其对储集性的影响作了研究。结果表明:太原组石英砂岩有两期硅质胶结,第二期规模大;其形成温度为130°-140℃;砂岩处于中成岩阶段晚期;硅质胶结作用是使该砂岩丧失良好储集性能的主要因素。 相似文献
18.
Thomas Mann Andr Wizemann Marleen Stuhr Yannis Kappelmann Alexander Janßen Jamaluddin Jompa Hildegard Westphal 《Sedimentology》2022,69(1):282-300
Early-diagenetic cementation of tropical carbonates results from the combination of numerous physico-chemical and biological processes. In the marine phreatic environment it represents an essential mechanism for the development and stabilization of carbonate platforms. However, diagenetic cements that developed early in the marine phreatic environment are likely to become obliterated during later stages of meteoric or burial diagenesis. When lithified sediment samples are studied, this complicates the recognition of processes involved in early cementation, and their geological implications. In this contribution, a petrographic microfacies analysis of Holocene Halimeda segments collected on a coral island in the Spermonde Archipelago, Indonesia, is presented. Through electron microscopical analyses of polished samples, this study shows that segments are characterized by intragranular cementation of fibrous aragonite, equant High-Mg calcite (3.9 to 7.2 Mol% Mg), bladed Low-Mg calcite (0.4 to 1.0 Mol% Mg) and mini-micritic Low-Mg calcite (3.2 to 3.3 Mol% Mg). The co-existence and consecutive development of fibrous aragonite and equant High-Mg calcite results initially from the flow of oversaturated seawater along the aragonite template of the Halimeda skeleton, followed by an adjustment of cement mineralogy towards High-Mg calcite as a result of reduced permeability and fluid flow rates in the pores. Growth of bladed Low-Mg calcite cements on top of etched substrates of equant High-Mg calcite is explained by shifts in pore water pH and alkalinity through microbial sulphate reduction. Microbial activity appears to be the main trigger for the precipitation of mini-micritic Low-Mg calcite as well, based on the presumable detection of an extracellular polymeric matrix during an early stage of mini-micrite Low-Mg calcite cement precipitation. Radiocarbon analyses of five Halimeda segments furthermore indicate that virtually complete intragranular cementation in the marine phreatic environment with thermodynamically/kinetically controlled aragonite and High-Mg calcite takes place in about 100 years. Collectively, this study shows that early-diagenetic cements are highly diverse and provides new quantitative constraints on the rate of diagenetic cementation in tropical carbonate factories. 相似文献
19.
The Lueders Formation (mid-Permian) in Baylor County, Texas, is an intercalated suite of fluvial siliciclastic, shallow marine siliciclastic, and shallow marine carbonate strata. There are at least two generations of carbonate cements (probably originally composed of calcite) in the fluvial sandstones where fractured grains are observed. These cements represent the initial stages of caliche formation. Cementation is envisioned as a two step process. In the first step, calcite cements form from supersaturated fluids in a freshwater, vadose environment as a meniscus cement at grain contacts. Areas of cement formation are restricted to these sites because fluid distribution is restricted to these sites. Stresses generated by the growth of cements at grain contacts are transmitted through and concentrated at quartz/quartz grain point-contacts until the stress is sufficient to fracture quartz grains, even though the ultimate strength of calcite is less than that of quartz, per unit area. This process occurs too rapidly to be accommodated by pressure solution. In the second phase of cementation, cement nucleation is no longer restricted by vadose conditions. In this phase, calcite growth can no longer result in quartz grain breakage; rather, the quartz grains are dispersed in poikilotopic calcite cement. 相似文献
20.
The sandstones of the Dhosa Sandstone Member of Late Callovian and Early Oxfordian age exposed at Ler have been analyzed for their petrofacies, provenance, tectonic setting and diagenetic history. These sandstones are fine to medium grained and poorly- to well sorted. The constituent mineral grains are subangular to subrounded. These sandstones were derived from a mixed provenance including granites, granite–gneisses, low- and high-grade metamorphic and some basic rocks of the Aravalli Range and Nagarparkar Massif. The petrofacies analysis reveals that these sandstones belong to the continental block-, recycled orogen- and rifted continental margin tectonic regime.The imprints of early and deep burial diagenesis of these sandstones include different stages of compaction, cementation, change in crystal boundaries, cement–cement boundaries, chertification and neomorphism. The sequence of cementation includes precipitation of calcite and its subsequent replacement by Fe calcite and silica cements. The typical intermediate burial (2–3 km depth) diagenetic signatures of these sandstones are reflected in the formation of suture and straight-line boundaries, and triple junctions with straight-line boundaries. The depositional environment, relatively low-energy environment that was below storm wave base but subjected to gentle currents, of the Dhosa Sandstone Member controlled the early diagenesis, which in turn influenced the burial diagenesis of these sandstones. 相似文献