共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
The Jubaila Formation (Upper Jurassic) in central Saudi Arabia has been divided into lower, middle, and upper parts purely on lithologic grounds. Each part consists of a major lower unit of lime mudstone and a minor upper unit of grainstone. This persistent change in the limestone facies is interpreted as a reflection of repeated shoaling up in the depositional shelf environment. It is a normal marine carbonate sequence that varies in thickness from 85 to 126 m. In the Hanifa Formation, the lowermost brown ledges in the section comprise a series of coarsening upward sequences which generally terminate in a fossiliferous/peloidal packstone and grainstone and subordinately lime mudstone facies. The middle slope member is yellow, blocky weathered shale and marl. Above this slope member are several thick beds of brown-coated fossiliferous wackestone, packstone, and grainstone with the association of lime mudstone in certain levels. These are fairly resistant ledges due to the occurrence of stromatoporoids. Dedolomitization occurs in the Jubaila Formation in various textural forms which include composite calcite rhombohedra, zonal dedolomitization, regeneration of predolomitization fabric of the limestone, and coarsely crystalline calcite mosaics with or without ferric oxide rhombic zones. Rhombohedral pores commonly occur in intimate association with dolomite, possibly resulting from the leaching of calcitized dolomite rhombohedra. The regional dedolomitization was most likely brought about by calcium sulfate solutions reacting with dolomites. The source of sulfate solutions is the dissolved anhydrite deposits of the Arab–Hith Formations, sometime before their erosion, and it takes place at or near an exposed surface. The Hanifa Formation shows various diagenetic features. These include dolomitization, dedolomitization, micritization, cementation, and recrystallization. Most of the examined samples of the Hanifa carbonates are dolomitized and subsequently dedolomitized as evidenced by the presence of iron-coated dolomite rhombs partially or completely calcitized. Dolomite also occurs in the lime mudstone, wackestone, packstone, and grainstone facies, while leaching of wackestone and packstone and dedolomitization of dolomite and dolomitic limestone followed by recrystallization are common processes. 相似文献
2.
The diagenetic history of the Black River Limestone Group is discussed with special reference to solution (leaching), cementation, neomorphism, authigenesis, pressure solution, compaction and dedolomitization.Formation of recrystallization textures (microspar and pseudospar) was controlled by original sediment grain size and occurred during both early and late stages of diagenesis.Dolomite, celestite and pyrite were the chief developments of late diagenetic minerals in the Black River carbonates. Pressure-solution (stylolitization) phenomena occurred at a very late diagenetic stage. Compaction played a minor role in the diagenesis of the rocks.Dedolomitization is a surface phenomenon related to weathering. 相似文献
3.
通过研究马五段去白云石化作用的成因及发生模式,可进一步了解鄂尔多斯盆地南部奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集层成岩和物性的演化。通过岩心与薄片的观察,结合地球化学方法,和对白云岩的碳、氧同位素与微量元素的测定,分析了去白云石化作用成因及成岩演化过程,并结合物性资料分析去白云石化作用对储集层的影响,建立了研究区去白云石化的作用模式。结合样品的碳氧同位素和微量元素特征显示:M51+2含石膏结核的白云岩层段普遍受淡水淋滤作用影响,但只有部分层段发生淡水淋滤成因的去白云石化作用,Th/U、Th/Cr、Cr/Zr与Y/Ho特征表明由于淡水淋滤作用,大气淡水溶解陆源花岗岩类物质并携带陆源泥质灌入岩层。淡水淋滤去白云石化作用流体Ca2+源来自溶解蒸发岩(膏盐层)和石膏结核, 源来自表生期白云石化作用方解石分解,流体主要运移通道为溶蚀缝和缝合线;作用过程分为表生—浅埋藏期的交代过程和浅埋藏期的胶结过程,富Ca2+和 大气淡水流至运移通道末端,沿晶间缝下渗,造成白云石的选择性溶蚀和方解石对其的等体积交代,方解石胶结物填充晶间孔、缝和裂隙,使白云岩物性变差。 相似文献
4.
更新世以来,剧烈的构造运动已将巴布亚新几内亚合恩半岛东北海岸的晚第四纪珊瑚礁阶地抬升上千米.阶地中造礁珊瑚的成岩变化和成岩产物的组构特征反映了该礁的成岩历史,充分体现该区快速构造上升的影响.海水潜流带和淡水渗流带为上升礁的主要成岩环境.生物钻孔、生物碎屑填隙、珊瑚文石针粗化、珊瑚骨骼的溶解和新生变形转化,以及其不同矿物成分和组构的种种胶结物的胶结作用是造礁珊瑚经历的主要成岩作用.地球化学资料表明其成岩变化发生于开放的化学体系之中. 相似文献
5.
塔里木盆地塔中上奥陶统碳酸盐台地高频层序控制的早期成岩作用及其对储层分布的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
上奥陶统良里塔格组碳酸盐岩是塔里木盆地塔中地区重要的油气储层。在碳酸盐岩岩石学、微相和测井曲线分析基础上,将塔中良里塔格组划分为5个四级层序、15个五级层序,建立了高频层序地层格架。显著的选择性溶蚀,悬垂型、新月型等大气水胶结物的发育,溶蚀孔壁较弱的阴极发光特征,粒内与粒间胶结物较低的Fe、Mn含量,亮晶颗粒灰岩的δ13C、δ18O与泥晶灰岩接近等特征表明,塔中地区Ⅰ号断裂带附近准同生期大气水溶蚀作用以及早期海水胶结作用普遍发育。对比分析显示大气淡水透镜体均发育于高频层序向上变浅旋回的顶部,即高频层序格架制约了早期成岩作用的形成分布。现在保存的早期成岩溶蚀孔面孔率可达到4%~5%,因此早期溶蚀孔的发育为晚期溶蚀改造提供了流体活动空间和条件,对碳酸盐岩有效储层的产出具有重要控制。综合分析提出,塔中Ⅰ号断裂坡折带TZ54-TZ826和TZ72-TZ62-TZ24井区等高陡型台缘是同生-准同生溶蚀孔发育的有利储层区。 相似文献
6.
碳酸盐岩成岩作用与孔隙演化 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20
在总结我国碳酸盐岩沉积和成岩基本特征的基础上,阐明有利于孔隙形成的白云石化、去膏、去云化、淡水和埋藏溶解等作用,以及破坏性成岩作用的特征和识别标志。成岩地质体是成岩环境的产物,可根据成岩组构、地球化学和发光特征等加以鉴别。成岩模式是成岩组合、成岩特征和孔隙演化的总概括,以滩相成岩模式展示了成岩相与孔隙的关系。 相似文献
7.
古近系双阳组是在吉林省伊通盆地莫里青断陷中，油气赋存的主要层位,储层主要为湖底扇和扇三角洲的砂体。依据双阳组储层的大量薄片、扫描电镜、粘土矿物分析的资料研究了该储集层的成岩作用。研究结果表明双阳组储集层：成岩作用经历了压实、压溶、胶结、交代和溶解6方面的作用。双储集层中的自生粘土矿物蒙皂石向伊利石转化具有明显的特征：主要演化过程经历了蒙皂石渐变带，第一迅速转化带和第二迅速转化带，相应的成岩作用阶段可划分为早成岩阶段B期、晚成岩阶段A1期和晚成岩阶段A2期。依据在垂向上的成岩变化,建立了莫里青断陷双阳组储集层的成岩作用演化序列。在垂向上成岩作用的类型和强度均存在明显的差异，造成了储层物性的垂向分带。 相似文献
8.
经数百片岩心薄片观察和扫描电镜分析认为,鄂尔多斯盆地南部马家沟组发育微缝、晶间缝、溶缝、破裂缝以及微孔、粒间孔、晶间孔、晶间溶孔、溶孔和溶洞等多种储集空间类型,其中晶间孔和晶间溶孔是主要的孔隙类型。在孔隙演化过程中白云石化、去膏化和溶蚀作用对形成孔隙有利,而胶结作用、岩溶压实作用、膏化作用及去白云石化作用使孔隙消失,为破坏性成岩作用。低重结晶及中等重结晶作用有利于孔隙的形成,但强重结晶作用不利于孔隙的形成。据盆地南部马家沟组碳酸盐岩经历的成岩环境、成岩阶段及相应成岩作用特征,将其孔隙演化分成早期原生孔隙形成与减少、中期和晚期次生孔隙形成及充填三个阶段。从演化过程来看,中期表生成岩阶段及晚期深埋藏成岩阶段对有效储集空间的最终形成具有决定意义。 相似文献
9.
10.
石臼坨凸起陡坡带Q29和Q36构造中深部储层是渤海最大的湖相碳酸盐岩和扇三角洲碎屑岩的混合沉积,这一亿吨级油气田的发现,刷新了碎屑岩储层最厚、单层油层最厚、测试产能最高纪录.通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、碳氧同位素分析、元素分析等多种分析手段,认为同沉积大气水淋滤作用,对石臼坨凸起陡坡带混积岩系优质储层的形成起到了至关重要的影响.通过对岩石学标志和元素地球化学标志的分析认为,大气水淋滤作用的主要包括两个过程,一是同沉积淋滤作用下,砾石段产生的选择性溶蚀孔、粒内缝、碎屑高岭石;二是沉积后暴露下,碳酸盐岩段产生的垂直岩溶缝、悬垂状白云石、示顶底构造.在此基础上,提出了大气水淋滤作用的模式,可分为成岩作用差异明显两个成岩带,即大气水渗流带和大气水潜流带,并进一步总结了各带内部的成岩特征和演化模式. 相似文献
11.
David J.W. Piper Thian Hundert Georgia Pe-Piper Ann C. Okwese 《Sedimentary Geology》2009,213(1-2):51-63
Clay mineral assemblages in alluvial mudrocks are important for paleoclimatic interpretation and for understanding burial diagenetic cementation in sandstones, but it is commonly difficult to unravel the relative importance of source weathering, pedogenesis and diagenesis in their origin. The clay mineral assemblages in fluvial overbank mudrocks from the Lower Cretaceous Chaswood Formation in central Nova Scotia, investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis of the < 2 µm fraction of 45 samples, include kaolinite, illite, vermiculite, and mixed layer kaolinite/expandable clay and mica/vermiculite. The assemblages vary with depositional facies. Wetland organic-rich mudrocks have large amounts of amorphous material and kaolinite is the dominant clay mineral. In the eastern part of the basin, where overbank mudrocks were episodically uplifted by syn-sedimentary strike-slip faulting, cumulate ultisol and alfisol paleosols are common. In the ultisols, hematite is enriched and kaolinite increases at the expense of illite in the B horizon. Alfisols contain more illite and vermiculite and the B horizon is enriched in goethite. In the western part of the basin, where thin sandstones with abundant diagenetic kaolinite cement are interbedded with the mudrocks, the distinctive clay mineral assemblage of mica/vermiculite mixed layer, vermiculite with 15.5 Å peak, and kaolinite/expandable mixed layer clay with a 17.7 Å peak is interpreted to result from bacterially-mediated oxidation of organic matter below the paleo-water table during early burial diagenesis. Deeper burial diagenesis may lead to slightly higher kaolinite crystallinity. Volcanic ash appears to alter to kaolinite/expandable mixed layer clay with a 7.9 Å peak. Comparison with the continuously subsiding and rapidly accumulated Wessex Formation of southern England, formed at a similar paleolatitude, shows the strong role of pedogenic processes and early diagenesis by meteoric water in development of clay mineral assemblages in the locally tectonically uplifted Chaswood Formation. 相似文献
12.
The Permian Park City Formation consists of cyclically bedded subtidal to supratidal carbonates, cherts and siltstones. Early diagenesis of Park City Formation carbonates occurred under the influence of waters ranging from evaporative brines to dilute meteoric solutions and resulted in evaporite emplacement (syndepositional nodules and cements), as well as dolomitization, silicification and leaching of carbonate grains. Major differences are seen, however, in the diagenetic patterns of subsurface and surface sections of Park City Formation rocks. Subsurface samples are characterized by extensively preserved evaporite crystals and nodules, and preserve evidence of significant silicification (chert, chalcedony and megaquartz) and minor calcitization of evaporites. In outcrop sections, the evaporites are more poorly preserved, and have been replaced by silica and calcite and also leached. The resultant mouldic porosity is filled with widespread, very coarse, blocky calcite spar. These replacements appear to be multistage phenomena. Field and petrographic evidence indicates that silicification involved direct replacement of evaporites and occurred during the early stages of burial prior to hydrocarbon migration. Siliceous sponge spicules provided a major source of silica, and the fluids involved in replacement were probably a mixture of marine and meteoric waters. A second period of replacement and minor calcitization is inferred to have occurred during deep burial (under the influence of thermochemical sulphate reduction), although the presence of hydrocarbons probably retarded most other diagenetic reactions during this time interval. The major period of evaporite diagenesis, however, occurred during late stage uplift. The late stage replacement and pore-filling calcites have δ13C values ranging from 0·5 to -25·3%, and δ18O values of -16·1 to -24·30 (PDB), reflecting extensive modification by meteoric water. Vigorous groundwater flow, associated with mid-Tertiary block faulting, led to migration of meteoric fluids through the porous carbonates to depths of several kilometres. These waters reacted with the in situ hydrocarbon-rich pore fluids and evaporite minerals, and precipitated calcite cements. The Tosi Chert appears to have been an even more open system to fluid migration during its burial and has undergone a much more complex diagenetic history, as evidenced by multiple episodes of silicification, calcitization (ferroan and non-ferroan), and hydrocarbon emplacement. The multistage replacement processes described here do not appear to be restricted to the Permian of Wyoming. Similarly complex patterns of alteration have been noted in the Permian of west Texas, New Mexico, Greenland and other areas, as well as in strata of other ages. Thus, multistage evaporite dissolution and replacement may well be the norm rather than the exception in the geological record. 相似文献
13.
元坝地区长兴组储层溶蚀作用期次与机制研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
溶蚀作用是元坝地区长兴组碳酸盐岩储层形成的关键,本文通过区内长兴组岩芯及岩石薄片观察,岩石学特征与地球化学特征研究充分结合,认为元坝地区长兴组储层存在着三期溶蚀作用,不同期次溶蚀作用产物的岩石学特征和地球化学特征明显有别。第Ⅰ期溶蚀作用发生于同生期-成岩早期,成岩流体为海岸带大气降水,遵循高频层序界面、层序不整合界面、礁滩控制的大气水溶蚀作用机制;第Ⅱ期溶蚀作用发生于晚三叠世-中侏罗世的埋藏过程中,相当于中成岩早期阶段,成岩流体为上二叠统地层内部流体,溶蚀作用与烃源岩系有机质热演化释放的有机酸进入成岩流体有关;第Ⅲ期溶蚀作用发生于晚白垩世-古近纪的埋藏过程中,相当于成岩晚期阶段,成岩流体为长兴组地层内部来源或中下三叠统来源流体,或为深部热液流体,溶蚀作用遵循深埋藏条件下构造作用驱动的多类型溶蚀作用机制。第Ⅰ期、第Ⅱ期溶蚀作用形成的储渗空间对于液态原油运移进入长兴组聚集成藏(古油藏)具有重要意义,第Ⅲ期溶蚀作用形成的储渗空间对于现今天然气成藏具有重要意义。 相似文献
14.
羌塘盆地东缘布曲组碳酸盐岩的成岩作用类型主要有泥晶化作用、胶结作用、压实压溶作用、破裂作用、溶解作用等,其中以破裂作用、溶解作用和泥晶化作用最为发育。根据成岩组构可将碳酸盐岩的成岩环境分为海水、大气淡水和埋藏三种成岩环境。初步总结了布曲组剖面上成岩作用与沉积环境和海平面变化的关系。沉积旋回的下部以选择性的内溶孔和海底泥晶化作用为主要特征,中上部以发育压实、压溶的埋藏成岩作用为主。海平面到达最高点以后快速下降,以发育晚期的大汽淡水溶蚀作用为主要特征。初步总结了海进环境下成岩作用演化序列;探讨了羌塘盆地东缘的布曲组在油气普查与方面的重要意义。 相似文献
15.
东营凹陷在沙河街组沉积期为北陡南缓的箕状断陷湖盆。通过钻井岩心、测井、薄片及扫描电镜分析,在断陷湖盆的南缓坡带古近系沙河街组中识别出了冲积扇、河流、三角洲和湖？白沉积体系,以及滨浅湖砂坝和缓坡远端浊积扇沉积相。建立了东营凹陷南部缓坡带层序地层格架及层序演化模式。在此基础上,详细研究了层序地层格架内的成岩作用特征。层序地层格架内主要成岩作用类型有压实作用、压溶作用、溶解作用等,成岩阶段为早成岩A、B期,晚成岩A、B期。层序地层格架内发育了碳酸盐胶结、石英次生加大、高岭石胶结和泥岩压实四种成岩相。 相似文献
16.
开江-梁平地区上二叠统长兴组储层岩石学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以露头剖面测量、单井岩芯观察和室内薄片鉴定为依据,结合不同结构和成因类型白云岩(或白云石)的n(Mg)/n(Ca)比值,有序度和C、O、Sr同位素特征,对开江-梁平地区长兴组碳酸盐岩储层成岩作用与孔隙发育和演化规律进行了综合研究,确定研究区对储层破坏最大的成岩作用是胶结、压实-压溶、新生变形和次生矿物的充填等作用,而对储层贡献最大的建设性成岩作用主要为埋藏白云岩化、重结晶、溶蚀和破裂等作用,有效地改善了储层的孔渗性,形成以粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔、晶间溶孔、超大溶孔、溶洞和溶裂缝等多种次生孔隙类型组合的礁、滩相储层基本特征。在再造成岩序列和恢复孔隙演化历史的基础上,对储层发育与孔隙演化的关系可得出如下几点结论:①有利的礁、滩相带决定了储层发育的位置和空间展布规律;②礁、滩复合体的多期次埋藏白云岩化是形成储层的基础;③破裂作用和溶蚀作用是改造储层和提高储层质量的关键。 相似文献
17.
歧口凹陷沙河街组火山岩成岩作用及对储集性能的控制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据岩心观察资料,利用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜等对歧口凹陷沙河街组火山岩的成岩作用进行了详细地研究,把成岩作用类型分为早期和晚期两个阶段、13种成岩作用类型。根据成岩作用阶段划分依据,结合盆地埋藏-热演化史和烃类充注史等资料,将歧口凹陷沙河街组火成岩成岩作用阶段划分为早期和晚期两个阶段。火成岩共发生了3期溶蚀作用、2期构造作用、2期油气充注作用,以及绿泥石、硅质、碳酸盐等胶结作用。主要成岩序列为溶蚀作用Ⅰ→构造作用Ⅰ→栉壳状绿泥石→细纤维状绿泥石→硅质Ⅰ→较粗纤维状绿泥石→烃类充注Ⅰ→硅质充填Ⅱ→亮晶方解石Ⅰ→构造作用Ⅱ→溶蚀作用Ⅱ→烃类充注Ⅱ→亮晶方解石Ⅱ→铁方解石→硅质充填Ⅲ→溶蚀作用Ⅲ。成岩作用对储集性能的控制具有改善和破坏的双重作用,对储集性能具有改善作用的成岩作用类型有挥发分逸出作用、熔蚀作用、冷凝收缩作用、脱玻化作用、机械压实破裂作用、风化淋滤溶蚀作用、次生溶蚀作用。对储集性能具有破坏作用的成岩作用类型有熔结作用、充填作用、机械压实压溶作用、胶结作用。 相似文献
18.
黔南晚石炭世叶状藻礁灰岩的成岩作用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过偏光显微镜研究和阴极发光技术, 对黔南晚石炭世叶状藻礁灰岩的成岩作用做了详细研究, 认为礁灰岩主要成岩作用类型有: 生物黏结障积作用、泥晶化作用、胶结作用、压实压溶作用、破裂作用、重结晶作用和溶解作用等。根据岩石薄片阴极发光测试结果的观察、分析, 将成岩过程划分为4个阶段: 准同生成岩阶段、早期成岩阶段、埋藏成岩阶段和后生成岩阶段。通过各种成岩作用的标志性特征及它们在阴极发光下的特征, 推测藻礁灰岩主要经历了海底成岩环境、大气淡水成岩环境和埋藏成岩环境。 相似文献
19.
Early diagenesis of the Upper Cretaceous (late Coniacian to early Santonian) Marshybank Formation was controlled by depositional environment (composition of depositional water, Fe and organic content of the sediment, sedimentation rate, proximity to the shoreline) and influx of meteoric water related to relative sea-level fall. Five depositional environments, each characterized by a distinct early diagenetic mineral assemblage, have been recognized. Offshore shelf sediments that were deposited in a dysaerobic environment are characterized by abundant framboidal pyrite and rare septarian concretions, composed of ‘early’ calcite and siderite. Intense sulphate reduction, promoted by the dysaerobic depositional water, was the primary influence on early diagenesis. Offshore shelf sediments deposited under aerobic conditions are characterized by abundant concretions, composed of two generations of siderite (S1 and S2). In this environment, methanogenesis, rather than sulphate reduction, was more important. Early diagenesis of the inner shelf sands was generally limited. However, in sands deposited proximal to the shoreline, mixing of marine and meteoric waters promoted crystallization of Fe-rich chlorite and siderite. The shoreface was characterized by dissolution of detrital minerals in the upper portion, and precipitation of kaolinite or illite/smectite in the lower portion. In the coastal plain environment, brackish water and early reducing conditions resulted in formation of abundant euhedral pyrite. Ankerite, rather than siderite, is the typical early diagenetic carbonate. The δ18O values of the earliest cements (i.e. ‘early’ calcite, siderite S1, inner shelf siderite) indicate crystallization from a low-18O, marine-derived porewater. Assuming crystallization at 25°C, a δ18O value of about ?7‰ (SMOW) can be estimated for the seaway during Marshybank Formation time. Similar calculations for the overlying Dowling Member (Puskwaskau Formation) suggest that the δ18O value of the seaway increased to about ?4% (SMOW), consistent with its transgressive nature. Very low δ18O values are exhibited by siderite S2. These results indicate crystallization during intermediate diagenesis (≥60°C) from meteoric water (≥? 15‰ SMOW) that entered the Marshybank Formation during sea-level lowstand. 相似文献
20.
应用普通薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、黏土矿物X射线衍射等多种测试手段,对海拉尔-塔木察格盆地南贝尔凹陷下白垩统铜钵庙组和南屯组火山碎屑岩储集层成岩演化特征进行了系统研究,并探讨了成岩演化的控制因素。研究认为,储集层成岩作用类型主要有熔结作用、压实作用、脱玻化作用、蚀变作用、胶结作用和溶蚀溶解作用,所处成岩作用阶段主要为中成岩阶段A期。储集层经历了同生成岩阶段-中成岩阶段A期的演化过程,局部储集层还经历了表生成岩阶段的演化过程。各成岩演化阶段特点均有所不同,其中,同生成岩阶段以熔结作用和弱胶结作用为特点,早成岩阶段A期以较强压实、弱胶结为特点,早成岩阶段B期的特点为较强压实、弱胶结、弱溶蚀,中成岩阶段A期为中等压实、较强胶结、较强溶蚀,表生成岩作用阶段以大气水淋滤作用为特点。成岩演化过程主要受成岩环境以及构造作用和火山活动的控制。储集层成岩环境大致经历了弱碱性-弱酸性-酸性-碱性的演化过程,酸性成岩环境以溶蚀溶解作用为主,碱性成岩环境胶结作用明显。构造作用和火山活动通过控制火山碎屑物质的来源、裂缝的产生、热流体活动以及表生成岩阶段的进行等来影响储集层的成岩演化。 相似文献