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渭河断裂咸阳段活动性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过地貌追踪、浅层地震、钻孔联合剖面勘探及探槽开挖等,查明了渭河断裂咸阳段(杨家村—窑店)的展布和最新活动时代。结果表明,渭河断裂咸阳段从咸阳市北侧渭河阶地前缘陡坎通过,考虑到断裂在金家庄、东耳村一带存在一个左阶斜裂区,阶区宽约1 km,可将断裂分为东、西两段,即:杨家村—金家庄段和东耳村—窑店段。断裂总体走向NE,倾向S,倾角65°~75°,为同生正断层。程家村探槽显示断裂错断全新统黑垆土底界15 cm,该层底界14C测年结果为2 255 BP,顶界光释光(OSL)年龄测年结果为(3.7±0.41)ka,说明断裂在全新世有活动。渭河断裂咸阳段自晚更新世以来活动性逐渐减弱,全新世平均活动速率为0.04~0.12mm/a。 相似文献
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根据九五期间在邢台震区开展的深浅构造耦合关系探测研究的结果,以及以往在该区开展的深地震测深、深地震反射和石油地震勘探工作的结果,指出邢台大震震源区深约8km处的滑脱面以上的上地壳存在一系列浅层断裂．其中,除新河断裂向上错断了中更新统地层,艾新庄断裂和其它断裂均未错断第四系地层．艾新庄断裂等向下归并于新河断裂,而新河铲形断裂则以低倾角向下延伸归并于滑脱面．滑脱面以下存在的贯穿中、下地壳直至Moho面的高倾角深大断裂是邢台大震的发震断裂．它的错动引起大震,并引起浅层断裂的活动和地表土层物质的运动．上地壳的浅层断裂不是大震的发震断裂,但可能是活动断裂．滑脱面的存在使深、浅构造之间形成既彼此相对独立、又相互影响的特殊关系．它在上、下地壳之间传递部分能量和形变,同时又具有一定的解耦作用．最后,提出活动断裂不一定错断最新地层,断裂所错断的最上部地层的年代也不一定就是该断层最近的活动年代．这对活断裂年代的判定和研究提出了一个值得思考的问题．本文还提出了其它值得思考的问题． 相似文献
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昌马断裂的运动方式与1932年昌马地震 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文从断裂的沉积、地貌和变形特征方面研究了昌马断裂的运动方式。结果表明,昌马断裂是一条枢纽断裂,枢纽轴位于断裂中段。提出了昌马断裂的力学模式,认为昌马地震是在北东～南西向水平挤压应力产生的左旋剪切应力和垂直断裂面的正压力联合作用下,昌马断裂枢纽轴部的介质强化,应力集中的结果 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2016,(2)
运用断层生长指数联合断层垂直活动速率方法,判断同生断裂活动时期为铜钵庙组~南屯组沉积时期、伊敏组时期和青元岗组沉积时期,同时,根据断层伸展率和伸展速率的研究得出,同生断裂在南屯组沉积时期变形强度较大,为断层活动的主要关键时期.同生断裂经历了从小到大、从新到老的过程,总体表现为纵向上断裂活动多期性,且由深到浅断裂活动强度逐渐减小的特点,横向上不同位置走向具有分段明显,并利用断裂分段生长点确定了断裂传递带的位置.在此基础上,总结了乌尔逊-贝尔凹陷南屯组主要发育2种控砂模式——同生断裂下降盘控砂和分段生长点控砂模式.同生断层控砂模式与地层沉积演化序列相一致,不同的沉积演化决定了断层控砂类型.南一段主要以断层下降盘和分段生长点控砂为主,南二段表现为断层分段生长点控砂,其中断层下降盘控砂发育有限,主要发育在南一段巴彦塔拉构造带处,断层分段生长点控砂在盆地发育较广泛,是油气聚集的有利场所. 相似文献
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根据近 2 0余年来四川地震、石油部门积累的四川盆地及邻区的地震地质调查、强震及中强地震震例总结、成都凹陷人工地震勘探普查与详查的工作成果 ,一方面研究了所揭示的成都凹陷及邻区的隐伏构造类型与展布范围 ,尤其是对成都—德阳间是否存在“隐伏断裂”作了详细的厘定 ,资料表明NE向的新津断裂向北消止于双流县彭镇以南 ;另一方面研究了活动断裂与地震活动的成生关系及相应的活动特征 ,其中最重要的是将浅表断裂和深层地腹型断裂加以明确的区分和圈定 ,提出了5种发震断裂类型。综合上述认识 ,划出了成都凹陷强震潜在震源区。研究认为 :成都—德阳一线两侧宽 4 0km、长百余公里的地带 ,具有稳定的地震地质环境和良好的工程地震条件 相似文献
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交城断裂为太原盆地西界的主控边界断裂,为查明交城断裂在这一地区的确切位置和地裂缝与交城断裂的关系,采用地震地质调查和人工地震勘探对在此范围内交城断裂的具体位置和地层错断情况进行了详细研究。结果表明,交城断裂交城县城段并不是位于基岩隆起区与盆地倾斜平原的分界处,而是位于距该分界东南约200 m处。交城县城西北侧的地裂缝与地震勘探在这一带所探查到的交城断裂的位置相当吻合,由此可以推断地裂缝的产生与交城断裂有关,属构造地裂缝。指出,在进行活动断裂附近的城市规划或重大工程建设时应对“山根”的倒退现象予以高度重视。 相似文献
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本文根据近年来多次野外考察所积累的实际材料,总结了燕山地区北西向断裂构造基本特征。文章结合地质构造、地震和地球物理资料的分析,论证了基底北西西向断裂构造带的空间展布、形成发展、活动方式及其与地震活动的关系。提出北西西向断裂构造带属于地壳断裂范畴,既控制了断块构造的发育,又控制了现代地震活动。北西向断裂构造密集成带和雁列式展布是北西西向断裂构造带在沉积盖层的一种表现。同时认为,北西西向断裂构造带的活动方式是与断块构造相对运动密切关联。中、新生代以来,其活动方式除了表现差异运动外,还具有剪切活动的性质,并约在晚白垩世—早第三纪剪切活动方式有明显地转变 相似文献
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逆冲构造带的分段性研究是评价该类发震构造地震危险性的基础工作。荥经-马边-盐津逆冲构造带是青藏高原东南边缘重要的NW向强震构造带,该构造带以逆冲错动为主要活动形式,其组合形式与逆冲强度存在南北差异。通过NE向横向断裂的构造地貌分析,发现横向断裂以右旋走滑活动为主,兼有倾滑活动。根据其与纵向断裂的交接关系,将横向断裂概括为横向分割断裂、横向撕裂断裂和横向转换断裂3种类型,讨论了3类横向断裂在逆冲构造带分段中所起的不同作用,进而将荥经-马边-盐津逆冲构造带分为独立的3段,并分析了各段的地震活动特征。研究表明,荥经-马边-盐津逆冲构造带以横向断裂为标志的3分段特点,既体现了段与段之间断裂活动强度、地震破裂强度与步调的差异,又体现了段内地震破裂步调的一致性,表明横向断裂在一定程度上控制了逆冲构造带的破裂分段,只是横向断裂的类型不同,其所起的作用也不同 相似文献
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东濮凹陷属断陷型盆地,沉积环境多变、断块破碎、构造复杂,局部构造主要受断层控制,断层两侧同一时代地层由于埋深不同,导致在大断层附近存在较大的速度横向变化.而时间偏移不能解决速度横向变化的问题,东濮凹陷今后构造勘探的主要目标是小断块和小幅度构造,所以在本区中应用了各向异性叠前深度偏移,在叠前深度偏移基础上,把时间偏移道集的高密度速度分析结果与声波测井资料相结合,形成一套各向异性参数求取方法,通过基于各向异性的叠前深度偏移改善了地震与钻井的吻合度. 相似文献
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The Taishu Group is a folded, Eocene–Lower Miocene, thick sedimentary package exposed widely on Tsushima Island between the Japan Sea and East China Sea. This location makes the strata important to understand tectonics and paleo-environments in the Far East, but the timing of the folding is controversial. We studied the styles of brittle deformations of the strata. It was found that flextural-slip folds were dominant. Mesoscale faults were classified into two groups: NE–SW trending reverse faults and NW–SE trending strike-slip faults. Members of both the groups showed movements largely perpendicular to the fold axes. The latter group consisted of sinistral and dextral faults. Accordingly, we interpreted that they were transfer faults activated during the folding. Consequently, mesoscale faults and flexural-slip faults evidence the map-scale plane strain of the Taishu Group in the plane perpendicular to the NE-trending fold axes. There were few transpressional deformations in the group. This is inconsistent with the transpression hypothesis for explaining the simultaneous folding and Japan Sea opening. Another hypothesis in which the folds in Tsushima are regarded as an onshore part of the Taiwan-Shinji fold belt is inconsistent with the timing of folding suggested by mining geologists to be consistent with and contemporaneous with this deformation. On the other hand, we found that dolerite dikes and sills were involved in the folding. Therefore, we conclude that the folding began during the late Early Miocene time and climaxed during the ore mineralization at around 15 Ma. We suggest that the folding in Tsushima was the easternmost manifestation of the compressional regime around the Yellow Sea and East China Sea in the Early to early Middle Miocene, and that the compression was brought about by the arrival of the Philippine Sea plate to initiate buoyant subduction under Kyushu. 相似文献
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Three upper Miocene calc-alkaline volcanic centers are spaced about 100 km apart in the northeast-trending transition zone between the Columbia Plateau and Basin and Range geologic provinces. These centers are transverse to contemporaneous andesitic vents of the western Cascades Sardine Formation. Some of the Miocene volcanic features in northeast Oregon resemble those of linear volcanic belts that are associated with subduction, but structural patterns do not support the existence of an upper Miocene subduction zone in northeast Oregon. Major east-trending fold axes and northwest-trending faults indicate that north-south compression and east-west extension were the dominant deformational events in this region. It is suggested that the origin of these calc-alkaline rocks is related to their particular tectonic setting and not to subduction. 相似文献
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R. J. Stern 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1978,41(1):43-55
Agrigan is the tallest (965 m a.s.l.) and largest (44 km2) of the volcanoes of the northern Mariana Islands. Its slopes are asymmetric to the east; a small caldera (4 km2) dominates the interior. The volcanic edifice has been disrupted along three sets of faults: 1) exterior slump faults, 2) radial faults, and 3) interior faults related to caldera-collapse. The rocks of the volcano are characterized by porphyritic clinopyroxene-olivine-plagioclase basalts and subordinate andesites. Cumulate xenoliths composed of Fo81, An95 and diopside are common in the basalts. Development of the volcano began with 3–4 km of submarine growth. The earliest recognizable flows are the result of fissural Hawaiian- and Strombolian-type eruptions. These were followed by the eruption of more viscous lavas from above the present summit. Flank eruptions of basalt and andesite preceded voluminous outpourings of andesitic pyroclastics contemporaneous with caldera-collapse. Subsequent magmatic resurgence is localized along a N10E rift zone. Violent ejection of lapilli and ash occurred in 1917. 相似文献
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Stress field and seismicity in the Indian shield: Effects of the collision between India and Eurasia
Intraplate stresses and intraplate seismicity in the Indian subcontinent are strongly affected by the continued convergence between India and Eurasia. The mean orientation of the maximum horizontal compression in the Indian subcontinent is subparallel to the direction of the ridge push at the plate boundary as well as to the direction of compression expected to arise from the net resistive forces at the Himalayan collision zone, indicating that the intraplate stresses in the subcontinent, including the shield area, are caused by plate tectonic processes. Spatial distribution of historic and instrumentally recorded earthquakes indicate that the seismic activity is mostly confined to linear belts while the remaining large area of the shield is stable. The available conventional heat flow data and other indicators of heat flow suggest hotter geotherms in the linear belts, leading to amplification of stresses in the upper brittle crust. Many of the faults in these linear belts, which happen to be 200–80 m.y. old, are being reactivated either in a strike-slip or thrust-faulting mode. The reactivation mechanisms have been analyzed by taking into consideration the amplification of stresses, pore pressures, geological history of the faults and their orientation with respect to the contemporaneous stress field. The seismicity of the Indian shield is explained in terms of these reactivation mechanisms. 相似文献
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L.P. Zonenshain M.I. Kuzmin V.I. Kovalenko A.J. Saltykovsky 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1974,22(1):96-109
The distribution of magmatism and related endogenous metallogeny within short intervals of geological time displays strong lateral zonal pattern governed by the positions of contemporaneous eugeosynclines, i.e. previous oceanic basins. This pattern includes: (1) the eugeosyncline with ultramafics and mafics, and with Cu, Au, Cr, Pt; (2) the amagmatic back troughs filled by clastic sediments; (3) a zone of granite-granodiorite batholiths with Au, Mo; (4) a zone of diorite-monzonite with PbZn; (5) a zone of standard and LiF granites with Sn, W, Mo; and (6) a zone of alkaline plutons.The zones in (3)–(5) correspond to calc-alkaline volcanism, and the zone in (6) to alkaline volcanism. The zonal pattern is related to the activity along fossil Benioff zones. Great transversal faults displaced structural-magmatic and metallogenic zonality far inside continents. They are interpreted as transform faults. The existance of a zonal pattern is discussed in terms of plate tectonics. 相似文献
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唐山地震发震构造的浅层地震探测 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
利用浅层地震探测方法,研究了唐山地震区１年前出现在卫星图像上的异常现象与发震构造的关系,探讨地震中长期预测的途径。结果表明：唐山地震断层是一条倾向ＮＷ的右旋走滑第四纪同生断裂,它错断了全新统,晚更新统,中更新统,和早更新统地层。 相似文献
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A geochronological and structural study of dykes is used in order to define the stress field in Sardinia. The Plio-quaternary volcanism of Sardinia (between 5 and <0.2 My old) is mostly fissural and contemporaneous with an intraplate regime which reactivated normal faults of various orientations. Dykes in the Logudoro, Montiferro and Monte Arci areas (west-central and northern Sardinia) are 3.4 to 1.8 My old. Their orientations vary around a north-south mean direction which is the most frequent in the Tyrrhenian Basin. The reactivation of normal faults of various orientations may be linked to a stress regime characterised by a maximum vertical principal stressσ 1 and horizontal principal stressesσ 2 andσ 3 having close values and which can easily interchange. In these conditions, the magmatie liquid can intrude into preexisting fractures of different orientations, especially into the fractures that have an orientation close to the planeσ 1 σ 2 (with N-S orientation in Sardinia). This plane is concordant with the convergent motion of Europe and Africa plates. The influence of the pre-existing fractures on dyke orientations seems more important in this area than in southern France where there is a different tectonic regime (Féralt) andCampredon, 1983). 相似文献
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The Mazhan Basin, Shandong Province, China, is located between the main faults, F3 and F4 , of the Tan-Lu Fault Zone. It is an elongated basin more than 60 km in length and 8 km in width and contains a series of typical continental sediments (the Upper Cretaceous Wangshi Group). This series was divided into three sedimentary facies associations: conglomerate facies association; sandstone facies association of alluvial fan to lake margin environment; and siltstone facies association of lacustrine origins. Their zonal distribution pattern may represent a contemporaneous heterotopic facies due to a lateral facies change from margins to axis of the basin. Their stratigraphic sequence becomes younger northward along the boundary faults. This suggests that the depocenter of the fan–lake system tends to migrate northward along F3 . From the asymmetric features (i.e. basin shape, lithofacies distribution, facies change) the Mazhan Basin can be explained by progressive subsidence at the Tangwu releasing bend of F3 with sinistral strike–slip movement. Judging from the fission track (FT) ages from the Wangshi Group, it was concluded that a sinistral strike–slip movement along the main fault, F3 of the Tan-Lu Fault in Shandong, has lasted until the Late Cretaceous. Its displacement is estimated to be larger than the migrated distance, 60 km, of the depocenter of the Mazhan Basin. 相似文献