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1.
丹巴地区位于松潘—甘孜造山带中部。区域动热变质作用主要发生于印支晚期—喜马拉雅早期,与深层滑脱-逆冲作用有关。根据特征矿物组合．丹巴地区变质岩可划分出六个变质带：绢云母—绿泥石带、黑云母带、石榴子石带、十字石带、蓝晶石带和夕线石带。石榴子石生长环带代表每段时间矿物晶体边部的平衡,可用于推测石榴子石生长时的P－t轨迹。利用石榴子石—黑云母温度计和石榴子石—斜长石—Al2SiO5-石英压力计得到石榴子石的参考温度、压力,根据环带定量计算得到的变质作用p-t轨迹为顺时外形式,与其所处的构造背景为大陆碰撞造山带是一致的。 相似文献
2.
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2015,(6)
为探讨位于新疆玉依塔勒盆克提一带的石榴子石花岗斑岩中石榴子石的成因类型,结合野外地质、岩相学、矿物学研究,分析了石榴子石的端元组分。结果表明,该区石榴子石为自形晶体,呈斑晶分布于整个花岗斑岩中,而非岩体边部,为岩浆结晶石榴子石,其中含有大量早期晶出的磷灰石。电子探针分析表明,石榴子石具有高铁、相对富钙而贫锰、镁特征。计算的主要端元组分为:铁铝榴石(62.36%~74.76%mol),钙铝榴石(10.90%~15.56%mol),镁铝榴石(6.78%~16.43%mol),锰铝榴石(4.08%~6.91%mol)。综合区域岩浆活动和构造发展演化阶段的研究成果认为,该花岗岩的形成可能与俯冲作用有关。 相似文献
3.
4.
通过对大别山双河榴辉岩的实例研究,对石榴子石-单斜辉石地质温度计的应用性和计算方法进行了讨论。与其他地质温度计（如氧同位素温度计）相比较,结合动力学研究,有助于进一步深入了解石榴子石-单斜辉石温度计的应用。该温度计能够较为准确地反映榴辉岩的顶峰变质温度,并且使恢复岩石体系的冷却历史成为可能。 相似文献
5.
石榴子石是变质岩和岩浆岩中一种常见的硅酸盐矿物,其类质同象非常普遍。已有资料表明,不同成分的石榴子石的颜色颇为不同,但石榴子石的成分和颜色之间相互关系尚未进行系统研究和总结。本文应用电子探针、电感耦合等离子体质谱、X射线粉晶衍射、拉曼光谱、红外光谱和紫外可见吸收光谱等手段对常见的红色（G1）、橙色（G2）、绿色（G3）和褐红色（G4）石榴石进行了系统测试,旨在揭示石榴子石成分、结构和颜色的内在关系和变异规律,以期为不同地质体中产出的石榴子石矿物学特征的总结及地质应用提供依据。研究结果表明,G1、G4样品含有较多Fe元素（Fe3+：0.24%、0.24%;Fe2+：1.01%、0.89%）;G2样品含有较高的Mn元素（2.76%）;G3样品含有很高的Cr、V元素（3453×10-6、1458×10-6）。类质同象对石榴石的晶体结构产生影响,晶胞参数有较大差别,分别是a=11.530nm（G1）、11.563nm（G2）、11.849nm（G3）和11.470nm（G4）。石榴石中的微量元素和稀土元素对于示踪物源及形成过程具有很强的指示意义。石榴石中的稀土元素总量分布不均匀,LREE/HREE比值小于1,表现为重稀土元素富集,Eu/Eu*比值小于1,为Eu负异常。所有样品的Ce异常均不明显。石榴石样品的拉曼光谱呈现出峰强和峰位的明显差异也反映了类质同象的存在：G1、G4在570nm处出现Fe3+电子跃迁吸收峰;G2在460nm和520nm附近出现Mn2+电子跃迁吸收峰;G3在690nm处出现Cr3+电子跃迁吸收峰。紫外可见吸收光谱特征显示,红色和褐红色样品出现在570nm处的Fe3+电子跃迁吸收峰,与其成分中含有大量Fe有关;橙色样品于460nm和520nm附近的特征吸收峰归属于Mn2+,对应其主要成分中大量的Mn;绿色样品690nm处出现强的吸收峰,由Cr3+跃迁产生,是微量元素Cr的存在所致。研究结果表明,石榴石的颜色与其成分和结构具有良好的对应关系。 相似文献
6.
《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2021,(4)
正石榴子石的化学成分会随压力的变化而改变,因此石榴子石就成为制约金刚石形成深度的重要矿物。基于石榴子石,尤其是多硅石榴子石的成分和压力关系,人们发现了一系列来自岩石圈以下深度的金刚石。这些超深金刚石及其包裹体是了解深部地幔物质组成的唯一直接样品。但是,将已知压力和成分的多硅石榴子石实验结果和前人提出的经典公式进行比较,发现经典公式得出的深度存在高达±10 GPa的误差。造成该问题的原因是单个实验只制约了少量元素和压力的关系, 相似文献
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8.
基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的平面波超软赝势方法,从第一性原理计算的角度,应用GGA对TiO2的高压相α-PbO2型TiO2的晶格参数和电子结构作了比较系统的计算,得到优化后的晶格参数与实验值十分符合.电子结构计算表明α-PbO2型TiO2属于间接带隙半导体,其禁带宽度为2.47 eV,大于锐钛矿型TiO2计算的带隙值Eg=2.12eV,主要原因在于α-PbO2型TiO2结构具有较低的晶体对称性,并且其Ti-O平均键长更长,Ti与O离子的正负电荷数较少,Ti3d轨道与O2p轨道杂化程度较弱.在理论上确认对称性较低的高压矿物-α-PbO2型TiO2高压相的光催化效果不及常态相锐钛矿型TiO2好. 相似文献
9.
角闪石作为福建东山坑北复式岩体的主要变质特征矿物之一,其详细的成因矿物学研究对解释该套岩体的变质变形特征和条件具有一定的指导意义。本文应用电子探针分析和斜长石-角闪石温压计、黑云母-石榴子石温压计对该区花岗岩中蓝绿色角闪石进行了成分分析和温压条件的研究。研究表明该区变质变形花岗岩中蓝绿色角闪石为铁浅闪石,大部分为岩浆结晶和次生交代的角闪石。通过斜长石-角闪石温压计计算得出其压力为0.40-0.72 GPa,变质温度大约为543-557℃。通过石榴石-黑云母温度计计算其变质温度为546-590℃。角闪石的成因矿物学研究表明坑北岩体的变质程度为低角闪岩相-高绿片岩相。变质作用相当于燕山造山运动的第Ⅲ幕,是与深大断裂有关的低压高温型区域。 相似文献
10.
为了查明东昆仑东段金水口地区的石榴堇青石花岗岩的成因和地质意义,对其中的石榴子石进行了岩相学和矿物化学研究。根据石榴子石的产状和成分,在该花岗岩中初略识别出岩浆型和转熔型两种成因的石榴子石。前者较少,与长石、石英共生,细小,自形,不含矿物包裹体,富MnO贫MgO,具MnO成分环带;后者较多,与黑云母共生,晶粒较大,它形,常含矿物包裹体,贫MnO富MgO,不具MnO成分环带。两种石榴子共存表明花岗岩为原地深熔成因或混合岩化成因,表明该地区的白沙河岩组片麻岩在早古生代曾经历过减压升温过程。 相似文献
11.
桑干地区高压麻粒岩中石榴石和斜长石的连续激光探针~(40)Ar~-~(39)Ar等时年龄及其地质意义 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
采用微区激光探针４０Ａｒ－３９Ａｒ定年方法, 对华北桑干地区高压基性麻粒岩中变质石榴石和斜长石直接进行了原位微区年代测定。石榴石变斑晶是高压麻粒岩相变质作用形成的矿物,石榴石周围后成合晶反应边组合中的斜长石是石榴石减压分解的产物。石榴石斑晶的４０Ａｒ－３９Ａｒ等时线年龄为２５１０ Ｍａ, 证明高压变质作用发生在太古宙末。斜长石４０Ａｒ－３９Ａｒ等时线年龄为１９６８Ｍａ, 代表石榴石在中压麻粒岩相条件下分解的时代。它们之间年龄相差大于５００Ｍａ, 说明高压麻粒岩可能没有经历近等温减压的ＰＴ轨迹。后成合晶组合很可能代表中压麻粒岩相变质作用的叠加。这一结果对探讨华北克拉通桑干地区早期地壳的构造演化具有重要意义。 相似文献
12.
Toward a quantitative model of metamorphic nucleation and growth 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
F. Gaidies D. R. M. Pattison C. de Capitani 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2011,162(5):975-993
The formation of metamorphic garnet during isobaric heating is simulated on the basis of the classical nucleation and reaction rate theories and Gibbs free energy dissipation in a multi-component model system. The relative influences are studied of interfacial energy, chemical mobility at the surface of garnet clusters, heating rate and pressure on interface-controlled garnet nucleation and growth kinetics. It is found that the interfacial energy controls the departure from equilibrium required to nucleate garnet if attachment and detachment processes at the surface of garnet limit the overall crystallization rate. The interfacial energy for nucleation of garnet in a metapelite of the aureole of the Nelson Batholith, BC, is estimated to range between 0.03 and 0.3?J/m2 at a pressure of ca. 3,500?bar. This corresponds to a thermal overstep of the garnet-forming reaction of ca. 30°C. The influence of the heating rate on thermal overstepping is negligible. A significant feedback is predicted between chemical fractionation associated with garnet formation and the kinetics of nucleation and crystal growth of garnet giving rise to its lognormal??shaped crystal size distribution. 相似文献
13.
Closure temperature is important to many diffusion-related problems involving cooling. The classic model of Dodson and its modifications for cooling petrological systems are formulated at constant pressure. Many petrologic processes involve changes in both temperature and pressure. The effect of changing pressure on diffusional loss in cooling petrological systems has not been considered in Dodson’s model. During upwelling, the decompression rate is related to the cooling rate through the slope of the upwelling path. Simple analytical expressions for the average or mean closure temperature and closure pressure in cooling-upwelling mono-mineralic and bi-mineralic systems are obtained by noting that both temperature and pressure decrease as a function of time along the upwelling path. These pressure-adjusted equations are nearly identical to closure temperature equations for isobaric cases if one replaces the activation energy and pre-exponential factor for diffusion in the isobaric formulations by the path-dependent activation energy and pre-exponential factor. The latter also depend on the slope of the upwelling path. The competing effects between pressure and temperature on diffusion during upwelling result in reductions in the effective activation enthalpy for diffusion and exchange enthalpy for partitioning, which in turn leads to systematic deviations in closure temperatures from cases of constant pressure. For systems with large activation volume for diffusion, it may be possible to deduce upwelling path and upwelling rate from closure temperatures and closure pressures of selected elements. Examples of closure temperature and closure pressure for REE diffusion in garnet and clinopyroxene and in garnet–clinopyroxene aggregates are presented and discussed in the context of the minor’s rule and the REE-in-garnet–clinopyroxene thermobarometer. Closure temperatures for middle-to-heavy REE in garnet–clinopyroxene aggregates are controlled primarily by diffusion in clinopyroxene unless the modal abundance of garnet is very small or the effective grain size of clinopyroxene is considerably smaller than that of garnet. 相似文献
14.
Plagioclase compositions vary from An0.1–2.5 to An32 with increasing grade in chlorite zone to oligoclase zone quartzofeldspathic schists, Franz Josef-Fox Glacier area, Southern Alps, New Zealand. This change is interrupted by the peristerite composition gap in rocks transitional between greenschist and amphibolite facies grade. Oligoclase (An20-24) and albite (An0.1–0.5) are found in biotite zone schists below the garnet isograd. With increasing grade, the plagioclase compositions outline the peristerite gap, which is asymmetric and narrows to compositions of An12 and An6 near the top of the garnet zone. In any one sample, oligoclase is the stable mineral in mica-rich layers above the garnet isograd, whereas albite and oligoclase exist in apparent textural equilibrium in adjacent quartz-plagioclase layers. The initial appearance of oligoclase in both layers results from the breakdown of epidote and possibly sphene. Carbonate is restricted to the quartz-plagioclase rich layers and probably accounts for the more sodic composition of oligoclase in these layers. The formation of more Ca-rich albite and more Na-rich oligoclase near the upper limit of the garnet zone coincides with the disappearance of carbonate and closure of the peristerite gap. Garnet appears to have only a localized effect on Ca-enrichment of plagioclase in mica-rich layers within the garnet zone. The Na-content of white mica increases sympathetically with increasing Ca-content of oligoclase and metamorphic grade. Comparison of the peristerite gap in the Franz Josef-Fox Glacier schists and schists of the same bulk composition in the Haast River area, 80 km to the S, indicates that oligoclase appears and epidote disappears at lower temperatures, and that the composition gap between coexisting albite and oligoclase is narrower in the Franz Josef-Fox Glacier area. It is suggested that a higher thermal gradient (38-40°C/km) and variations in Si/Al ordering during growth of the plagioclases between the two areas may account for these differences. In the Alpine schists the peristerite gap exists over a temperature and pressure interval of about 370-515°C and 5.5-7 kbar (550-700 MPa) PH2O. 相似文献
15.
Metamorphism of metapelites: calculations of equilibrium assemblages and numerical simulations of the crystallization of garnet 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
T. P. LOOMIS 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1986,4(2):201-229
Abstract This work uses a simplified model of equilibrium to predict the assemblage sequence and compositional zoning in garnet that should result from prograde metamorphism of common bulk compositions of pelitic rocks. An internally-consistent set of model thermodynamic data are derived for natural mineral compositions from natural assemblages. Equilibrium assemblages can be calculated for pelitic compositions with excess quartz and either muscovite or K-feldspar at any pressure and water pressure. The compositions and abundances of phases in equilibrium assemblages can be calculated where the elements Mg, Fe and Mn are exchanged among phases. The prograde metamorphic assemblage sequences and the effects of pressure on assemblages, predicted by the simulation method presented here, are similar enough to natural observations to suggest that the simulations can be used to analyse natural equilibrium and growth processes. The calculated phase diagrams at moderate and high crustal pressures explain the mineral assemblage sequence produced by prograde metamorphism in common pelitic compositions. Garnet appears by continuous reaction of biotite and chlorite as the garnet-biotite-chlorite divariant field migrates toward higher Mg/Fe ratios over the bulk composition. Staurolite appears in common bulk compositions when garnet and chlorite become incompatible. An aluminum silicate phase can appear when staurolite and chlorite react. Staurolite breaks down at an extremum point to produce garnet. Continuous reaction of biotite and sillimanite causes growth of abundant garnet. The reaction sequence involving garnet, staurolite and aluminum silicates is probably different at low pressure, but the main reason that staurolite and garnet are rare is the restricted compositional range over which their assemblages exist. Andalusite appears by the divariant reaction of chlorite and cordierite appears at low temperature in low pressure assemblages for common bulk compositions by the extremumpoint breakdown reaction of chlorite. Compositional zoning of garnet and the systematic variation of biotite composition in metamorphic sequences indicate that garnet is probably fractionated during growth. Fractionation of garnet causes garnet-consuming, univariant reactions to become multivariant. The metastable persistence of garnet should reduce the abundance and stability range of staurolite. Fractionation of even small quantities of garnet should deplete the equilibrating bulk composition of Mn, but have little effect otherwise. The simulations show that the prograde assemblage sequence in pelitic rocks can be complex in detail, with some assemblages lasting over temperature intervals of only a few degrees. The major prograde reactions that release water are the breakdown of chlorite to form garnet at low grade and the breakdown of muscovite at high grade. The volume of water released by formation of garnet at high grade is also important. These reactions have the capacity to buffer water pressure. The density of anhydrous pelitic rock increases markedly when chlorite breaks down and by the continuous reaction forming garnet at high grade. The heat content is controlled principally by heat capacity and continuous reactions. Discontinuous reactions have little thermal buffering capacity. Simulations of garnet fractionation show that commonly-observed garnet zoning profiles can be formed by garnet growth in the assemblage garnet-biotite-chlorite in common bulk compositions. A reversal of Fe-zoning in garnet can occur when garnet resumes growth above staurolite grade in the assemblage garnetbiotite-sillimanite. Discontinuities in zoning profiles can be caused only by disequilibrium. The disequilibrium can be due to either metastable persistence during a hiatus in growth or to growth by irreversible reaction. Because the appearance of garnet is controlled by a continuous rather than a discontinuous reaction, the appearance of garnet is very sensitive to bulk composition. The early development of garnet is also sensitive to the pressure and water pressure of metamorphism. As a consequence the first garnet isograd is of limited thermometric value. Metastable persistence of kyanite and manite at high grades could reduce the abundance of garnet and allow biotite to persist. Metastable persistence would also limit the of cordierite formation. 相似文献
16.
湖北省北部枣阳市境内的大阜山镁铁/超镁铁杂岩体主要由未变质的纯橄岩和橄长岩组成,伴生变质的石榴石角闪石岩、石榴石钠黝帘石角闪石岩和角闪石钠黝帘石岩.杂岩体的围岩为大理岩.该岩体中的金红石矿床产于变质的石榴石角闪石岩或蚀变的石榴石角闪石岩中.橄长岩中锆石SHRIMP U-Pb同位素定年结果表明镁铁/超镁铁质岩体的成岩年龄约为600Ma.变质的岩石和未变质的岩石几乎具有完全相同的地球化学特征,表明前者的原岩应为橄长岩,整个岩体是一个分异的镁铁/超镁铁侵入体.金红石赋存于角闪石解理中等岩相特征表明矿床的含矿岩石就是石榴石角闪石岩,不是由石榴石辉石岩退变质形成的;且其中的石榴石为钙铁榴石,不是富镁、富铝的与高压/超高压作用有关的石榴石.金红石矿床的形成和岩体的局部变质应该与由北向南的近水平推覆构造有关,动力变质作用提供的热和流体,结合推覆过程中的变形作用,导致围岩大理岩和镁铁质岩体发生交代作用,形成石榴石角闪石岩和金红石矿床. 相似文献
17.
Garnet growth at high- and ultra-high pressure conditions and the effect of element fractionation on mineral modes and composition 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Matthias Konrad-Schmolke Patrick J. O'Brien Christian de Capitani Dennis A. Carswell 《Lithos》2008,103(3-4):309-332
In this paper we show that thermodynamic forward modelling, using Gibbs energy minimisation with consideration of element fractionation into refractory phases and/or liberated fluids, is able to extract information about the complex physical and chemical evolution of a deeply subducted rock volume. By comparing complex compositional growth zonations in garnets from high-and ultra-high pressure samples with those derived from thermodynamic forward modelling, we yield an insight into the effects of element fractionation on composition and modes of the co-genetic metamorphic phase assemblage. Our results demonstrate that fractionation effects cause discontinuous growth and re-crystallisation of metamorphic minerals in high pressure rocks. Reduced or hindered mineral growth at UHP conditions can control the inclusion and preservation of minerals indicative for UHP metamorphism, such as coesite, thus masking peak pressure conditions reached in subducted rocks.Further, our results demonstrate that fractional garnet crystallisation leads to strong compositional gradients and step-like zonation patterns in garnet, a feature often observed in high-and ultra-high pressure rocks. Thermodynamic forward modelling allows the interpretation of commonly observed garnet growth zonation patterns in terms of garnet forming reactions and the relative timing of garnet growth with respect to the rock's pressure–temperature path. Such a correlation is essential for the determination of tectonic and metamorphic rates in subduction zones as well as for the understanding of trace element signatures in subduction related rocks. It therefore should be commonplace in the investigation of metamorphic processes in subduction zones. 相似文献
18.
Colin M. Graham 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1974,47(3):165-185
Blue-green hornblendes are observed in metabasite assemblages throughout the chlorite, biotite and garnet zones of the southwest Scottish Highlands. Actinolites are common in more Mg-rich metabasites in these zones. At low grade, hornblendes are relatively edenite-rich, and may sometimes occur together with a more Mg-rich, Al-poor actinolite. Within the garnet zone, hornblendes are pargasitic, showing extensive tschermakite substitution. Textural and chemical evidence do not indicate the presence of any miscibility gap between hornblende and actinolite within the chlorite to garnet zones in the southwest Highlands. The occurrence of hornblende-actinolite pairs in metabasites of the Scottish Dalradian, and perhaps also in other metamorphic terrains, is considered to reflect the incomplete chemical equilibration of lower grade actinolitic amphibole during prograde metamorphism, rather than a miscibility gap. The paucity of amphibole compositions intermediate between hornblende and actinolite in many metamorphic terrains is thought to reflect the rapid but continuous change of stable amphibole compositions in metabasites over a small range of increased metamorphic grade. 相似文献
19.
Constraining the conditions of Barrovian metamorphism in Sikkim,India: P–T–t paths of garnet crystallization in the Lesser Himalayan Belt 
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下载免费PDF全文 F. Gaidies A. Petley‐Ragan S. Chakraborty S. Dasgupta P. Jones 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2015,33(1):23-44
Garnet crystallization in metapelites from the Barrovian garnet and staurolite zones of the Lesser Himalayan Belt in Sikkim is modelled utilizing Gibbs free energy minimization, multi‐component diffusion theory and a simple nucleation and growth algorithm. The predicted mineral assemblages and garnet‐growth zoning match observations remarkably well for relatively tight, clockwise metamorphic P–T paths that are characterized by prograde gradients of ～30 °C kbar?1 for garnet‐zone rocks and ～20 °C kbar?1 for rocks from the staurolite zone. Estimates for peak metamorphic temperature increase up‐structure toward the Main Central Thrust. According to our calculations, garnet stopped growing at peak pressures, and protracted heating after peak pressure was absent or insignificant. Almost identical P–T paths for the samples studied and the metamorphic continuity of the Lesser Himalayan Belt support thermo‐mechanical models that favour tectonic inversion of a coherent package of Barrovian metamorphic rocks. Time‐scales associated with the metamorphism were too short for chemical diffusion to substantially modify garnet‐growth zoning in rocks from the garnet and staurolite zones. In general, the pressure of initial garnet growth decreases, and the temperature required for initial garnet growth was reached earlier, for rocks buried closer toward the MCT. Deviations from this overall trend can be explained by variations in bulk‐rock chemistry. 相似文献
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山东大疃榴辉岩和石榴透辉石岩的成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
山东大疃迟家店和石榴二辉橄榄岩中榴辉岩与石榴透辉石岩呈过渡关系，前者位于中心，后者为边缘带，在边缘带的透辉石中出现不规则状和条纹状绿辉石，通过对两类岩石的岩石学，矿物学特征及岩石平衡温压条件的研究，并与国内外不同地区，不同产状同类岩石进行一对比后认为，二者的关系虽然基本符合常见蚀变规律，即中心的榴辉石中绿辉石蚀变成透辉石，从而形成石榴透辉石岩边缘带，但是根据榴辉岩，石榴透辉石岩的ＲＥＥ特征和岩石平 相似文献