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1.
六十年代初,斯行健,周志炎(1962)曾将中国中生代植物划分为五个不同时代的植物群,即: 5.被子植物群(早白垩世晚期至晚白垩世) 4.茹伏德蕨—拟金粉蕨(Ruffordia—Onychiopsis)植物群(晚侏罗世至早白垩世早期) 3.锥蕨—拟刺葵(Coniopteris—Phoenicopis)植物群(早侏罗世至中侏罗世) 2.网叶蕨—格子蕨(Dictyophyllum—Clathro- 相似文献
2.
黑龙江东部早白垩世生物地层学研究的主要进展 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
巴列姆期的菊石、巴列姆期—阿尔必期的海相双壳类、早白垩世的沟鞭藻、放射虫和有孔虫等的发现 ,均证实了黑龙江东部含煤地层龙爪沟群、鸡西群和大架山组的时代为早白垩世中、晚期。鸡西群中含有热河或威替姆动物化石群中常见的双壳类化石 ,这一事实似乎暗示着中国热河或俄罗斯威替姆动物化石群为早白垩世时代。早白垩世 ,特别是巴列姆期—阿尔必期 ,沿大架山—云山—虎林-裴德—鸡西一线北东东方向存在着一条向东 (古太平洋 )开口 ,但由东向西变浅的狭长海湾。多次海侵和海泛沿着这一海湾由东向西至鸡西后向南和向北 ,并可能向西扩散。正是这一海湾和海平面的升降控制着东北地区的早白垩世的气候、地理、生物群落的演变、甚至煤的聚集和油的形成 相似文献
3.
蒙甘青地区早白垩世原型盆地特征及其对烃源岩分布的控制 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
岩相古地理图可以大体反映盆地形成时的盆山格局和原始沉积特征。蒙甘青地区早白垩世岩相古地理图揭示了研究区在早白垩世发育了众多大小不一的沉积盆地群。由于早白垩世研究区处于伸展构造环境,这些盆地群构造性质多为拉张断陷盆地,普遍接受了下白垩统湖相—河流相沉积。早白垩世的沉积环境及岩相古地理条件有利于油气的形成,烃源岩主要分布在北祁连—阿拉善裂谷断陷盆地群中的次一级断陷中。烃源岩岩性为一套湖相的深灰色、灰黑色含钙质泥岩,明显受（浅湖—半深湖—深）湖相沉积体系的控制。此外,该区烃源岩的分布还受早白垩世“南干北湿”的气候带所控制。 相似文献
4.
冀北张家口组、义县组火山岩SHRIMP定年兼论中国东部大兴安岭兴安岭群和东南沿海火山岩地层时代 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
冀北张家口组和义县组火山岩锆石 U-Pb定年结果表明 ,张家口组的时代为 1 3 5～ 1 3 0 Ma,义县组的时代为 1 2 9～ 1 2 0 Ma,均属早白垩世。揭示出冀北—辽西地区早白垩世火山沉积盆地的形成和火山活动的时代均具由西向东变新的特征 ,即滦平盆地火山活动始于 1 3 5Ma,承德盆地骆驼山一带始于 1 3 0 Ma,辽西始于 1 2 8Ma。根据年代地层和生物地层资料的对比表明 ,组成中国东部大兴安岭火山岩带的兴安岭群时代主体为早白垩世早—中期 ,组成东南沿海火山岩带的建德群和石帽山群及其相当地层的时代为早白垩世中—晚期 ,因此热河生物群和建德… 相似文献
5.
浙江中生代晚期火山—沉积岩系层序和时代 总被引：33，自引：7，他引：26
浙江中生代晚期火山—沉积地层由上、下两个岩系组成,上岩系包括横山组、永康群、衢江群及天台群,下岩系包括建德群和磨石山群。这两个岩系的同位素年龄范围分别在１１０～９０Ｍａ和１３５～１２０Ｍａ。根据同位素地质年代结合该区火山—沉积地层的古地磁和古生物研究资料,我们提出上岩系的形成时代为早白垩世晚期至晚白垩世早期,下岩系为早白垩世早期 相似文献
6.
本文论述了黑龙江东部的含煤地层龙爪沟群和鸡西群的时代。这两群的时代长期以来被归属或主要归属于侏罗纪。但龙爪沟群上云山组和鸡西群城子河组下部产中Barrem Jan—早Albian期的双壳类Aucellina化石,龙爪沟群七虎林组产早白垩世双壳类和菊石化石。因此,这两群的时代主要甚至全部为早白垩世。 相似文献
7.
东北地区中—新生代盆地群形成演化的动力学背景 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
东北地区的中—新生代盆地之下并非都是变质结晶基底,松辽和二连等盆地大部分叠加在未变质的晚古生代残余沉积盆地之上。嫩江—开鲁断裂和嘉荫—牡丹江断裂是两条深达岩石圈尺度的断裂构造,将东北地区分为额尔古纳—兴安、松嫩和佳木斯三大基底构造单元和与之相对应的西部、中部和东部三大中—新生代盆地群。3个盆地群不但基底和深部岩石圈结构明显不同,而且盆地结构及充填特征也存在明显的差异。东北地区与中生代盆地演化相关的火山活动主要发生在中—晚侏罗世(167~147 Ma),早白垩世早期(136~126 Ma)和早白垩世晚期(122~109 Ma)。侏罗纪火山岩主要发育在大兴安岭及其以西地区;早白垩世火山岩全区均有分布,且具有由西向东时代渐新变新的演化趋势。从深部构造和区域动力学背景角度,东北地区的侏罗纪和白垩纪—新生代构造演化分别属于两大动力学体系。前者的形成演化与西伯利亚板块和华北板块对东北地区西部产生的南北向挤压作用及后继的伸展作用有关,北北东向展布的中—晚侏罗世火山岩大面积叠加在近东西向展布的漠河前陆盆地和突泉等含煤盆地之上;后者的形成演化明显与西北太平洋构造域大洋板块对东北亚大陆边缘的作用有关。根据同位素年龄和生物地层学证据重新厘定的中—新生代盆地地层对比结果显示,即使是同时代形成的早白垩世盆地由于与大陆边缘的距离不同,其盆地的沉积充填特征和后期构造改造特点也不尽相同。西部以海拉尔盆地为代表的早白垩世盆地主要发育以火山岩为主的断陷沉积,之后长期处于隆升环境;中部以松辽盆地为代表的白垩纪盆地不但发育早白垩世早期的断陷沉积,而且之上基本连续叠加了早白垩世晚期和晚白垩世坳陷沉积;东部盆地群由三江、勃利、鸡西和虎林等众多中、小型盆地构成,它们在早白垩世早期曾是一个统一的近海大陆边缘盆地(大三江盆地),以发育海陆交互相沉积为特点。由于该区紧邻西北太平洋大陆边缘,受大陆边缘构造转换的影响,统一的大三江盆地在早白垩世末期被强烈的逆冲构造和左行走滑构造所破坏和改造。该区目前分散孤立存在的多个中、小型早白垩世盆地均为早白垩世末期构造改造后的残余盆地。 相似文献
8.
利用储层流体包裹体确定鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙区块上古生界油气充注期次和时期 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
流体包裹体是保存在储层中的微小流体样品,包含有丰富的地质信息。通过对鄂尔多斯盆地塔巴庙区块18口井的62块流体包裹体样品进行荧光观察和显微测温,认为该区上古生界地层共发生过6期流体活动,均与油气成藏有关,并以第二期—第六期的天然气充注为主。结合埋藏史分析可知,油气成藏分别发生在距今190～150Ma的早侏罗世中期—中侏罗世晚期,150～124Ma的中侏罗世晚期—早白垩世早期,124～101Ma的早白垩世早期—早白垩世中期,101～86Ma的早白垩世中期—早白垩世中末期和86～70Ma的早白垩世中末期—早白垩世末期。其中,早侏罗世中期—中侏罗世晚期为油气充注的初始阶段,中侏罗世晚期—早白垩世早期为轻质油的主要成藏时期,中侏罗世晚期至早白垩世末为研究区内目的层天然气的主要成藏时期。 相似文献
9.
浙江白垩系上部地层的划分与对比 总被引：13，自引：5，他引：13
浙江白垩系上部地层可划分为永康群、天台群和衢江群 ,长期以来 ,认为天台群和衢江群不整合覆于永康群之上。通过对代表性盆地岩石地层层序、古生物、同位素年龄资料的综合分析 ,发现三个群的下部地层 (馆头组、中戴组和天台盆地的塘上组 )为下白垩统 ,上部为上白垩统 ;天台盆地塘上组与仙居盆地小平田组为同物异名的早白垩世晚期火山岩层 ,覆于小平田组之上的“塘上组”是两头塘组的下部层位 ;永康生物群和衢江生物群的主要生物化石时代分别为早白垩世晚期和晚白垩世早期 ,但就两个生物群所涵盖的永康群和衢江群生物化石总体而言 ,其时代均应为早白垩世晚期至晚白垩世早期。永康群、天台群和衢江群是早白垩世晚期至晚白垩世时期的同期异相堆积 ,不存在相互叠覆关系。 相似文献
10.
本文讨论了青海省唐古拉山地区风火山群的孢粉组合及时代,简述了地层层序及岩性特征。文中通过实际资料的对比,说明了风火山群孢粉组合的特点,同时指出风火山群既不属于晚白垩世也不是第三纪,而应归于早白垩世,置于早白垩世欧特里夫—巴列姆期更为合适。 相似文献
11.
Our study of olivines from Canadian kimberlites shows that the application of FTIR spectroscopy significantly improves the reliability of olivine as a kimberlite indicator mineral (KIM). We have developed an algorithm that yields the water concentration and the normalized intensity of the OH IR absorption band at 3572 cm−1 from unpolished olivine grains of unknown thickness. For 80% of kimberlitic olivines these two parameters are significantly higher than those for olivines from non-kimberlitic magmas and consequently, olivines with water concentrations >60 ppm and a strong absorption band at 3572 cm−1 can be reliably classified as being kimberlitic.We have identified two major spectral features in the OH absorption bands of kimberlitic olivines that allow for a more detailed classification: (a) the presence of three types of high-requency OH absorption bands (Group 1A, 1B and 1C) and (b) the proportion of low-frequency OH absorption bands (Group 2) relative to high-frequency bands (Group 1). Comparison of our results with experimental studies suggests that differences within Group 1 OH absorption bands are due to different pressures of crystallization or hydrogenation. The three identified types of Group 1 OH absorption bands approximately correspond to high (P > 2 GPa, Group 1A), moderate (2-1 GPa, Group 1B), and low (<1 GPa, Group 1C) pressures of hydrogenation. Group 2 OH IR absorption bands in olivines with NiO > 3500 ppm are interpreted to reflect olivine-orthopyroxene equilibria and hence are indicative of xenocrystic olivine derived from lherzolitic or harzburgitic mantle sources. Interaction of xenocrystic olivine with hydrous kimberlitic melts with low silica activity likely will cause a gradual increase in Group 1 absorption bands. Therefore, FTIR spectra of olivine can be used to obtain qualitative estimates of the duration of interaction between mantle material and a kimberlitic melt.In addition to applications in kimberlite and diamond exploration, FTIR spectra of olivine phenocrysts, combined with mineral chemical data, may also provide insights into kimberlite evolution. Our data suggest that in some instances the ascent of kimberlitic magmas could have been interrupted at or near the Moho, followed by olivine crystallization and exsolution of aqueous fluids. 相似文献
12.
分布于炉霍-道孚断裂带的如年各组为一套深海环境形成的构造变形强烈的含硅质岩复理石沉积,与大量的蛇绿岩残片和古生界灰岩等外来岩块共存,具有基质、原地岩块和外来岩块共存的沉积-构造混杂特征,时代可限制在中三叠世拉丁期-晚三叠世诺利期.为了与理塘蛇绿岩群及金沙江蛇绿岩群相对比,将其更名为如年各岩群. 相似文献
13.
Recent geological mapping and U/Pb age determinations show that the Kasila Group has many of the characteristics shown by the Limpopo Belt and other high-grade linear metamorphic belts. The Kasila Group appears to form the southwestern periphery of the dominantly low-grade West African Archaean Craton. 相似文献
14.
A.D. Nozhkin A.A. Postnikov K.E. Nagovitsin A.V. Travin A.M. Stanevich D.S. Yudin 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2007,48(12):1015-1025
Trachybasalt-alkali trachyte volcanism in the Yenisei Ridge was found out to be synchronous with deposition of coarse tilloids and flysch of the Chivida Formation of the Neoproterozoic Chingasan Group. New 703±4 Ma 40Ar/39Ar biotite and titan-augite ages of subalkaline basalts in the Chivida Formation indicated that they erupted in the Late Neoproterozoic. According to microfossil evidence, the Chingasan sediments correlate with Late Neoproterozoic strata in the type sections of the southern Siberian craton. The Chingasan deposition apparently lasted no longer than 30 Myr judging by the isotope ages obtained for the underlying Upper Vorogovka Group and subalkaline basalts in the Chivida Formation. The fault-parallel position of grabens and coarse grain sizes and variable thicknesses of their lithological complexes, as well as syndepositional trachybasalt-alkali trachyte volcanism provided evidence that the volcanosedimentary rocks of the Chingasan Group formed in an environment of active rifting. 相似文献
15.
Andrew J. Newell 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(3):352-371
Triassic basins of England developed under a regime of largely W–E extension and progressed from non-marine fluvial and aeolian sedimentation (Sherwood Sandstone Group), through marine-influenced playa lacustrine deposits (Mercia Mudstone Group) to marine environments (Penarth Group). A new tectono-stratigraphic model for the Sherwood Sandstone Group is proposed in which two major long-distance river systems developed under conditions of relative fault inactivity in the Early Triassic (Budleigh Salterton Pebble Beds and equivalent) and Middle Triassic (Otter Sandstone and equivalent). These are separated by a late Early Triassic syn-rift succession of fluvio–aeolian sandstones (Wildmoor Sandstone and Wilmslow Sandstone formations) and playa lacustrine muds (Nettlecombe Formation) which show major thickness variation and localisation with hanging wall basins. The partitioning of syn-rift deposits into mudstones within upstream basins (close to the source of water and sediment) and clean aeolian or fluvio–aeolian sandstones in downstream basins is similar to the pattern observed in the underlying late Permian. Under conditions of rapid tectonic subsidence chains of extensional basins may become disconnected with upstream basins (Wessex Basin) acting as traps for fines and water permitting more aeolian activity in temporarily unlinked downstream basins (Worcester and Cheshire basins). In addition to tectonic controls, fluctuating climate, relief related to limestone resilience in arid settings, the smoothing effect of fill and spill sedimentation and Tethyan sea-level change all contributed toward the observed Triassic stratigraphy in England. 相似文献
16.
骑马沟铅锌矿赋存于熊耳群条纹状硅质大理岩与火山凝灰岩之间.通过对矿床地质、岩石、矿物组合特征等方面的初步研究,认为该矿床为热水沉积-热液改造成因铅锌矿床,其成矿主要与熊耳期火山岩及火山气液作用有关.这是在河南熊耳群火山岩中首次发现的该类矿床类型. 相似文献
17.
The coarse-grained, upper Cambrian Owen Group of western and northern Tasmania is a prominent feature of the Tasmanian landscape and regional map series. The group has previously been divided into four informal formations (Lower Owen Conglomerate, Middle Owen Sandstone, Middle Owen Conglomerate and Upper Owen Sandstone) that have been correlated across the state over tens to hundreds of kilometres. The deposition of these sediments is largely believed to have occurred during extensional tectonics, but some authors continue to argue a compressional tectonic regime. Detailed mapping and sedimentological work around Proprietary Peak on the Mount Jukes massif, 10 km south of Queenstown, Tasmania, has identified significant depositional variations controlled by early growth faulting and paleotopography. Discontinuity of stratigraphic units (L6–L13) across two growth faults on the north face of Proprietary Peak shows the strong effect on sediment deposition in the area. Paleotopography is also evident with most stratigraphic units (L8–L13 and U1) gradually onlapping basement during their deposition. Significant paleotopography has also been identified on East Jukes Peak, where lower Owen Group sedimentary units onlap basement volcanics, with no evidence for tectonically controlled deposition. Field evidence strongly supports the deposition of the Owen Group during extensional tectonics, after a period of prolonged erosion of the underlying Mount Read Volcanics. The distinct variation in vertical and lateral extent of stratigraphic units within the Owen Group in the Proprietary Peak area suggests that widespread lithostratigraphic correlation of older Owen Group sedimentary units across Tasmania may not be feasible. 相似文献
18.
Lower Palaeozoic sediments crop out on the southern coast of County Wexford, Ireland, comprising three distinctive lithostratigraphical units: from west to east the Cahore Group, the Blackhall Formation of the Ribband Group and the Cullenstown Formation. The three units are largely devoid of macrofossils and thus their ages have to date been uncertain and, in the case of the Cullenstown Formation, speculative. In the Cahore Group, a diverse assemblage of acritarchs composed of seventeen species has been recorded indicating a middle Early Cambrian age. This is similar to the age of the lithologically identical Bray Group to the north, in County Wicklow. In the Ribband Group, two very distinct assemblages have been noted. Both are poorly preserved, but diagnostic species have been determined giving a biostratigrapical range of early Mid‐Cambrian to Llanvirn. Palynomorphs have been recorded for the first time from the Cullenstown Formation allowing comparison with eastern Newfoundland where a similar, less diverse assemblage has been recorded. The age indicated is latest Mid‐Cambrian to early Late Cambrian. Overall, despite generally poor preservation of the organic matter, some 45 acritarch species have been distinguished, among which one new combination is proposed: Retisphaeridium postae instead of Cymatiosphaera postae. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
Stratigraphic reconstruction of the Strzelecki Group outcrops in west Gippsland: new data on the present-day thickness and amount of erosion 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Lower Cretaceous Strzelecki Group forms the basement to the eastern part of the Gippsland Basin, but is exposed in the west and forms spectacular outcrops, especially along the coastal area between San Remo and Inverloch. The coastal area is highly faulted and lacks stratigraphic markers so matching sections in different fault blocks based only on lithology has not been possible. A combination of mapping, detailed logging, vitrinite reflectance measurements and palynology were used to determine the present-day thickness of the coastal sections and the amount of erosion that occurred during the Late Cretaceous. A total thickness of about 1500 m is inferred between Harmers Haven and Inverloch but because of the amount of faulting and probable repeated sections, the true thickness of Strzelecki Group exposed in the coastal outcrops is only about 300 m. Based on palynology and vitrinite reflectance results, the reconstructed Strzelecki Group stratigraphy has been subdivided into three distinct ‘bio-blocks’, with an eroded section estimated to range from 1.5 km (0.3–2.6 km at ±95% confidence limits) to 2.7 km (2.2–3.1 km at ±95% confidence limits). 相似文献
20.
Shoji Arai Yohei Shimizu Tomoaki Morishita Yoshito Ishida 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2006,152(3):387-398
We found fine-grained Fe-rich orthopyroxene-rich xenoliths (mainly orthopyroxenite) containing partially digested dunite fragments of Group I from Takashima, Southwest Japan. Orthopyroxenite veinlets, some of which contain plagioclase at the center, also replace olivine in dunite and wehrlite xenoliths of Group I. This shows high reactivity with respect to olivine of the melt involved in orthopyroxenite formation, indicating its high SiO2 activity. The secondary orthopyroxene of this type is characterized by low Mg# [= Mg/(Mg + total Fe) atomic ratio] (down to 0.73) and high Al2O3 contents (5–6 wt%). It is different in chemistry from other secondary orthopyroxenes found in peridotite xenoliths derived from the mantle wedge. Clinopyroxenes in the Fe-rich orthopyroxenite show a convex-upward REE pattern with a crest around Sm. This pattern is strikingly similar to that of clinopyroxenes of Group II pyroxenite xenoliths and of phenocrystal and xenocrystal clinopyroxenes, indicating involvement of similar alkali basaltic melts. The Fe-rich orthopyroxenite xenoliths from Takashima formed by reaction between evolved alkali basalt melt and mantle olivine; alkali basalt initially slightly undersaturated in silica might have evolved to silica-oversaturated compositions by fractional crystallization at high-pressure conditions. The Fe-rich orthopyroxenites occur as dikes within the uppermost mantle composed of dunite and wehrlite overlying pockets of Group II pyroxenites. The orthopyroxene-rich pyroxenites of this type are possibly common in the uppermost mantle beneath continental rift zones where alkali basalt magmas have been prevalent. 相似文献