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1.
香港晚第四纪的古环境和沉积作用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
研究了香港海域16口钻井的岩心的沉积学和微体古生物学后,将它们划分为以下地层: (1)全新世海相沉积(最老的~(14)C年龄为距今8080±130年); (2)最后冰期陆相沉积(~(14)C年龄为距今8520±270—<30000年); (3)含有红树植物孢粉的最后间冰期海相沉积(~(14)C年龄距今30560±580—36230±_680年)。 (4)中玉木冰期的陆相沉积; (5)?含放射虫的第二最后间冰期海相沉积; (6)?前第二最后间冰期的陆相沉积。 在最后间冰期时期,海平面至少低于基准面(基准面:大约低于平均海面115米)9米。微体古生物的证据表明,当时的年平均温度高于现今。 相似文献
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对尼罗河三角洲平原东北部一个古埃及文化遗址(Kom El-Khilgan)1.5 m长的沉积物剖面KH1开展14C测年、沉积物粒度和孢粉分析.根据岩性、粒度和测年等结果综合判定:剖面150~100 cm地层为早全新世河流相沉积;100~27 cm地层为早、中全新世(8000—4000 cal a BP)三角洲冲积平原沉积,其中涵盖了古埃及前王朝至古王国时期(6500—4131cal a BP)的人类活动信息;27~0 cm为现代表土层.孢粉分析结果反映了在距今8000~4000 a期间:1)研究区气候由湿润过渡为温和,最后趋于干旱;2)随着气候变干,尼罗河上游水文变化对三角洲环境影响减小,研究区由沼泽湿地逐渐过渡为干草甸环境,更多的土地可以被人类利用;3)常被用来指示农业活动的35μm禾本科、陶器碎片和炭屑的出现并逐渐增加,表明该遗址附近的人类农业活动始于距今6500 a左右,并持续至距今4000 a前后.上述证据表明尼罗河三角洲全新世早—中期湿润向干旱过渡的气候驱动了人类农业活动的开展.本研究为进一步探讨尼罗河三角洲古文明对环境适应性研究提供了科学依据. 相似文献
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新疆艾比湖地区湖泊沉积记录的早全新世气候环境特征 总被引：29，自引：0，他引：29
通过干旱区封闭湖泊艾比湖沉积物的多环境代用指标分析, 重点对全新世早期气候环境演化特征进行了研究. 孢粉组合及地球化学指标表明, 研究时段(8.0 ~ 11.5 cal kaBP)温度总体偏低, 初期(11.5 ~ 10.6 cal kaBP) 温度较高且降水较多; 早全新世向中全新世转换时期(8.9 ~ 8.0 cal kaBP )气候波动显著. 尤其是, 3层泥炭沉积显示了艾比湖地区早全新世气候的强烈不稳定性. 泥炭的发育程度及其同位素、孢粉分析数据都暗示, 8.2 cal kaBP, 8.6 cal kaBP, 10.5 cal kaBP的气候状况具有显著的冷湿特征, 可视为早全新世的3次冷湿事件. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2017,(9)
泥炭沉积物和泥炭地演化过程可以提供植被和气候变化历史的丰富信息.为了重建青藏高原东部全新世泥炭地发育、植被和气候变化,我们对若尔盖盆地一支泥炭岩芯进行了高分辨率的孢粉、烧失量和碳沉积速率分析.研究结果显示,当地泥炭发育起始于距今10.3ka,在早、中全新世繁盛,之后开始退化.若尔盖盆地全新世植被以高山草甸为主,周边山地针叶林在10.5~4.6ka曾数次扩张,之后迅速退缩.泥炭性质、孢粉组合主成分分析等揭示了研究区10~5.5ka气候温暖湿润,晚全新世气候相对冷干.其中,10.2~10、9.7~9.5、8.7~8.5、7.7~7.4、6.4~6、5.5~5.2、4.8~4.5、4~3.6、3.1~2.7、1.4~1.2和0.8~0.6ka时段,若尔盖地区发生了多次快速的泥炭地退化、针叶林扩张和气候变冷等事件.青藏高原东部地区全新世植被与气候的长期变化受控于太阳辐射及其主导的温度与亚洲夏季风强度的变化,而百年尺度的快速变化事件可能受到了季风减弱事件和北半球高纬度地区温度异常的调制作用. 相似文献
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每一个14C测定年代数据包括下列内容并按下列位置安排:序号实验室编号样品提供单位及姓名样品名称14C年代(年)14C年代(年)原编号采样日期(距今,5568)(距今,5730)(公元/公元前)(公元/公元前)东经北纬树轮校正年代(年)(公元/公元前)采样地点及物性描述104XZ-218新疆地震局 宋和平黄土4500±904630±90花果山-11991-12-00BC2550BC268081°30′43°40′花果山(伊宁—新源公路)槽子黄土山丘,深度为地表下2m105XZ-219新疆地震局宋和平黄土7815±808045±80734厂-2#1991-12-00BC5865BC609581°30′43°伊宁市734厂后沟表层低山,深度在地… 相似文献
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《地震地质》2021,43(4)
带的北延部分,因此加强其活动性研究对深入认识滇西北地区地震地质背景和川滇块体边界构造变形机制具有重要的理论和实际意义。文中依据1︰5万活动断裂填图和国家自然基金项目研究成果,重点介绍了马头水、石岩、玉狮场等探槽揭示出的断裂最新活动时代和沿线古地震事件,结果表明,玉狮场—平坡段为全新世活动段并存在多次古地震事件。马头水探槽揭示出的3条断层断错晚更新世—全新世洪积扇堆积,断错的最新地层的年代为(638±40) a BP和(1 335±23) a BP。石岩探槽西段揭露的3条断层断错的最新地层的~(14)C测年结果分别为(4 383±60) a BP、(4 337±52) a BP和(4 274±70) a BP;探槽东段同样揭示发育了3条断层,主断层下盘断错的最新地层的~(14)C年代为(9 049±30) a BP,上盘断错的2套断塞塘堆积的~(14)C测年结果分别为(1 473±41) a BP和(133±79) a BP。玉狮场探槽揭示出发育了5条活动断层,其中F_1与F_2断错灰白色含砾黏土和黑色泥炭质土,前者的~(14)C测年结果为(1 490±30) a BP,后者的~(14)C测年结果分别为(1 390±30) a BP和(1 190±30) a BP; F_3与F_4断错灰白色含砾黏土、黑色泥炭质土及上部褐黄色含砂黏土,褐黄色含砂黏土的OSL年龄为(0.6±0.2) ka; F_5断层断错的黏土层的~(14)C年龄为(1 490±30) a。盖场探槽揭示出地震楔、软沉积构造变形和砂脉等古地震现象,垂直错距35cm,估计此次地震事件的时间约为28 000a BP,震级达7级。玉狮场探槽揭示了2次地震事件,第1次事件的时间为(1 490±30)～(1 390±30) a BP;第2次事件的时间约为距今600a,推测震级达7级。马头水探槽揭示出垂直错距约1m的地震事件,发生时间约为600a BP,据地震破裂带的长度、宽度、陡坎高度、位错量并结合宜良M≥7地震和缅甸东吁7.3级地震的经验,认为此次地震的震级≥7级。 相似文献
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1920年海原8.5级地震沿海原断层形成了一条长达215公里的新的地表破裂带,破裂带由7条不连续雁列断层段组成,破裂带最大水平位移为17m,平均水平位移为7.07m,最大垂直位移为5m。位移分布的不连续性与断层的不连续性是相适应的。海原断层全新世以来已经发生了5次8.5级左右的大地震。除了第二次地震年代为内插外,其它的年代均由兰州大学14c实验室测定出来:地震Ⅰ距今9360±75年,地震Ⅱ距今7830年(内插),地震Ⅲ距今6300±70年,地震Ⅳ距今3680±60年,地震Ⅴ小于200年即1920年地震。地震重现间隔是逐渐增加的,平均重现间隔为2325年。晚更新世以来海原断层左旋位移了500m,晚更新世晚期为200米,全新世以来为50m,平均左旋滑动速度为5mm/yr.。 相似文献
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巴丹吉林沙漠全新世的高湖面与泛湖期 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《中国科学:地球科学》2016,(8)
巴丹吉林沙漠腹地及东南部湖泊众多,除分布110个常年积水湖泊外,还存在若干季节性湖泊和干涸湖盆.通过对巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊群的实地考察、湖泊遗迹测量及14C和OSL定年,获得了全新世泛湖期存在的地貌学、沉积学和生物遗迹证据,揭示了巴丹吉林沙漠全新世早、中期湖盆面积扩大、区域气候相对湿润的特点.测年结果表明,巴丹吉林沙漠泛湖期开始于10cal ka BP,此前为泥炭发育期或湖沼期(11~10cal ka BP),大致在8.6~6.6cal ka BP,湖泊群达到全新世最大高湖面,并于晚全新世(约3.5cal ka至今)普遍出现退缩乃至干涸.根据植物钙质根管的形成时代及其所揭示的降水量阈值研究,巴丹吉林沙漠东南部在7.7~5.3cal ka BP期间古降水量可能达到200mm a~(-1).水量平衡计算表明,百年至千年尺度相对暖湿的区域气候条件,特别是南部和东南部深层地下水来水量增多,是巴丹吉林沙漠全新世湖泊群维持和史前文化发展的关键因素. 相似文献
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河西走廊花海古湖泊全新世白云石的发现及其环境意义 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
通过对河西走廊花海古湖泊沉积物的X衍射分析发现,全新世期间有明显的白云石沉积.岩性、沉积过程、石膏以及Fe3+含量的变化表明,花海湖全新世白云石沉积环境以还原环境为主,即还原环境利于白云石的形成,为白云石的成因研究提供了新的证据.白云石作为碳酸盐矿物,可以反映湖水盐度,但并非直接指示了湖水的咸化.随着湖水盐度的进一步增加,在硫酸盐型湖泊中,白云石含量随盐度的增加而相应减少,表明利用白云石分析湖水盐度时需要结合其他矿物进行分析.结合石膏含量的变化,花海湖全新世时期白云石含量的变化可以揭示该区域湖水盐度的变化.在10.478.87 cal ka B.P.早全新世时期,湖水的盐度较高,气候由干向湿转变;8.87 cal ka B.P.时期,有大量石膏沉积,显示了湖水盐度的进一步升高,气候干旱;随后湖水相对淡化,气候湿润;5.50 cal ka B.P.至今,沉积出现间断,气候逐渐干旱. 相似文献
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The offset between AMS radiocarbon ages obtained on bulk lake sediments and the true age of deposition was evaluated at four sites in Northern Chilean Patagonia. Our results show that the bulk radiocarbon ages are systematically older by 300 to 1100 years. In this region free of carbonate and carbonaceous rocks, we argue that this difference results from variable inputs of terrestrial organic carbon from the Holocene soils that cover the lake watersheds. For the four studied lakes, the age offset is clearly related to the fraction of terrestrial carbon preserved in the lake sediments, which was estimated using the N/C ratio of the bulk organic matter. We propose that N/C measurements can be used to significantly improve chronologies based on radiocarbon dating of bulk lake sediments. 相似文献
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We test the applicability of quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating on clastic lake sediments to investigate whether this dating method can be applied to study the timing and rate of deposition in Holocene fluvio-deltaic lakes. Our study concerns the filling of a lake by the Angstel-Vecht system, part of the Rhine delta in the western Netherlands. Age constraints are provided by radiocarbon dates on the development and abandonment of the fluvial channels debouching into the lake. Results indicate that light exposure prior to deposition and burial was sufficient to reset the OSL signal of the vast majority of the quartz grains. Special attention was given to accurate estimation of the dose rate in the laminated and bedded deposits. The OSL ages obtained are in good agreement with the age constraints, especially for the relatively coarse sediments. OSL results indicate that the filling of the lake took about 700 years, with a sedimentation rate of ～3 mm per year. This study is a demonstration of the use of OSL dating of sand-sized quartz to determine the timing and rate of sedimentation in a Holocene fluvio-deltaic environment. 相似文献
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钻探证实,镇江市谏壁镇长江北岸高桥镇北部埋藏硬粘土层,之上为冰后期松散沉积物。沉积物主要为粉砂、粘土质粉砂、砂泥互层,中部局部夹含细砾中细砂,顶部见淤泥质粘土;夹数十层植物炭屑层;以水平纹理为主,局部见小型交错层理、波状层理。表明冰后期以来该地处于水动力较弱的河湖环境,为多期湖沼相沉积夹汉道河流相沉积,局部有海相沉积物加入。根据碳化植物碎屑^14C年龄,推测冰后期底界年龄约13000aBP,海侵到达该地的时间约为9000aBP,海侵最高位时间约为6500aBP。冰后期平均沉积速率约为4．9m／ka,湖沼相3．4～6m／ka,河流相10～15m／ka。对全新统的底界年龄和海相层的埋藏深度进行了讨论。 相似文献
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Catastrophic drainage of ice-dammed lakes in the Altai Mountains has been inferred from geomorphological evidence in the Katun Valley (Russia), and is presumed to have occurred during the Pleistocene. The sedimentary features have been difficult to date directly, due to the absence of organic carbon, and the improbability that luminescence signals in sand grains would be reset during transport. However, the development of rock-surface luminescence dating provides a new opportunity to date the features: clasts have a different transport history to sand grains, and their luminescence depth profiles can be inspected for evidence of bleaching before burial. Here we investigate two sites in the Altai Mountains, and use rock-surface luminescence burial dating to constrain the age of the megaflood deposits. In the Katun Valley, we sampled granite cobbles from a frozen sediment clast emplaced as a dropstone within a massive megaflood gravel terrace. Burial ages for the clasts range from 16.7 to 21.4 ka, with a mean age of 19.8 ± 1.5 ka. This represents the depositional age of the fluvial sediments that preceded the lake outburst flood, (and hence places a maximum age on the catastrophic flood). Clasts sampled from mega-ripples in the Kurai Basin are shown to have a mid-to-late Holocene burial age, which is not consistent with the possible origin of these features during a catastrophic drainage of a glacier-dammed lake. Instead, the burial age of the Kurai Basin sediments may reflect local-scale periglacial or seismic processes along the Kurai Fault Zone. 相似文献
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不同时间尺度青海湖沉积物总有机碳对气候变化的敏感性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湖泊沉积物总有机碳（TOC）含量通常作为表征流域和湖泊生产力的指标,在亚洲季风区也常常被当作夏季风的代用指标,被广泛应用于气候与环境变化研究.本文梳理了过去千年、全新世以及冰期-间冰期时间尺度上青海湖沉积物TOC的变化特征,并探讨了其指示气候变化的敏感性与有效性.结果表明,过去千年青海湖沉积物TOC含量与区域暖季温度和降水表现出较为一致的周期性波动.通过对比全新世区域夏季温度、基于孢粉的降水定量重建结果,以及湖泊水位、风沙活动反映的湿度状况等,发现不能简单地将青海湖沉积物TOC含量或沉积通量作为夏季风强度或者季风降水强度的代用指标.青海湖沉积物TOC含量在冰期和间冰期表现出巨大的差异,指示了冰期-间冰期时间尺度上较大的温度与降水变幅.因此,不同地域条件及不同时间尺度下,湖泊沉积物TOC对气候变化的敏感性不同,将湖泊沉积物TOC含量作为亚洲夏季风的代用指标需要特别谨慎,特别是在高寒气候区. 相似文献
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O. S. Olyunina 《Water Resources》2005,32(1):93-100
Comprehensive analysis of Holocene lacustrine-alluvial and boggy sediments has been carried out for the western shore of Umbozero Lake. Fouling and paludification of near-shore shoals of the lake, as well as peat deposits formation on the first lake terrace and in paleodeltas were found to be typical of the end of Atlantic and the beginning of the Subborreal Period of Holocene. Variations in the peat accumulation rate during the Subboreal and Subatlantic periods (for the last 4500 years) have been analyzed. Such variations can reflect both annual fluctuations in the amount of precipitation and changes in the groundwater table, which is related to the Umbozero water level in the region.Translated from Vodnye Resursy, Vol. 32, No. 1, 2005, pp. 100–107.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Olyunina. 相似文献
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AN Zhisheng WANG Ping SHEN Ji ZHANG Yixiang ZHANG Peizhen WANG Sumin LI Xiaoqiang SUN Qianli SONG Yougui AI Li ZHANG Yechun JIANG Shaoren LIU Xingqi WANG Yong 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2006,49(8):851-861
1 Introduction in China, with an area of 4400 km2 and a drainage area With the advancement of global change study, peo- of nearly 29,660 km2[2]. Occurring at a “climatic triple ple are paying more and more attention to the conti- junction” among the East Asian monsoon, Indian nental environment (in which we reside), its evolution Monsoon and the Westerly Jet Stream, it lies in the and its future tendency. As a component of the global transitional belt of the east monsoonal humid areas sys… 相似文献
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Li Yu Zhang Yuxin Zhang Xinzhong Ye Wangting Xu Lingmei Han Qin Li Yichan Liu Hebin Peng Simin 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(8):1161-1175
The fluctuation of a single lake level is a comprehensive reflection of water balance within the basin, while the regional consistent fluctuations of lake level can indicate the change of regional effective moisture. Previous researches were mainly focused on reconstructing effective moisture by multiproxy analyses of lake sediments. We carried out a series of experiments, including a transient climate evolution model, a lake energy balance model and a lake water balance model to simulate continuous Holocene effective moisture change represented by variability of virtual lake level in East and Central Asia.The virtual lake level, area, water depth and salinity are not equivalent to actual values, but we estimated relative changes of the regional effective moisture. We also explored the driving mechanisms of effective moisture change in different geographical regions. Our results indicated that gradually falling effective moisture during the Holocene in northern China was due to the combined effects of high lake evaporation caused by longwave and shortwave radiation, and low precipitation caused by reductions of summer solar insolation. A decline in effective moisture through the Holocene in the Tibetan Plateau and southern Central Asia resulted from decreased precipitation because of the weakening of the Asian summer monsoon. Increased precipitation induced by the strengthening of the westerly circulation contributed to the effective moisture rise during the Holocene in northern Central Asia. 相似文献