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1.
超短半径径向水平井抽采煤层气渗流规律的数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为得到超短半径径向水平井开采煤层气过程中的气体渗流规律以及进行产量预测,在基本假设条件下,建立了径向水平井开采煤层气的固流耦合渗流数学模型;在一定的边界条件及初始条件下,利用Matlab软件进行编程计算后,得到直井和不同数目分支径向水平井开采煤层气1000天后的压力场、速度场和气产量变化规律。数值模拟结果表明,在一定的生产区域和开采时间,随着径向水平井分支数目的增加,煤储层压力下降范围更广,气体流速场干扰加强,压力漏斗降大面积扩展,煤层气有效供气区及解吸面积大幅增长,煤层气解吸能力及稳产能力加强,煤层气产量大幅度增加;同时,气产量增幅随着井筒分支数目的增加而下降,分支井数目理论上应存在一个最优值。模拟结果显示了超短半径径向水平井技术开采煤层气的有效卸压作用,对煤层气工业增产技术的选择和钻孔方案的布置具有重要的理论指导意义。 相似文献
2.
《中国科学:地球科学》2017,(1)
煤储层物性是影响煤层气解吸、扩散、渗流的关键因素,其好坏直接决定煤层气井的产气效果.本文以高阶煤为例,基于压汞、低温液氮吸附、等温吸附、煤粒甲烷放散初速度测试以及煤层气井现场自然解吸数据,系统探讨了构造破坏作用下高阶煤的孔隙性、吸附性、扩散性、渗透性等物性的响应规律,建立了不同煤体结构高阶煤储层几何模型、扩散模式图及气体产出综合模式图.研究认为,高阶煤经历构造作用后孔隙性得到改造,不同孔径段孔隙数量均有所增加,中、大孔增加最为明显,孔隙连通性发生差异性变化,这种孔隙性的变化是造成不同煤体结构煤的吸附/解吸性、扩散性等储层物性出现差异的根本所在.原生结构和碎裂结构煤基质孔隙以微孔为主,相对缺少大孔以及大孔连通性较差的孔隙特征,制约着初期气体的解吸和扩散,而较小孔径段孔隙连通性相对较好利于后期气体的解吸和扩散,更由于气体解吸衰减速度慢,易形成长期的产能;碎粒结构和糜棱结构煤吸附、解吸能力增强,自然条件下气体扩散能力强,但储层条件下渗透率的强应力敏感性,导致该类储层渗透性最差,渗流能力弱制约了扩散和解吸的发生;气体综合产出过程中,不同煤体结构的煤储层随着储层压力的变化基质孔隙气体扩散模式发生动态演化,过渡型扩散不断增强,Fick扩散不断弱化,气体的扩散能力不断降低,其中微孔和过渡孔是限制气体扩散的主要孔径因素;提出的储层条件下气体产出的综合模式图可以显示制约不同煤体结构煤储层气体产出的关键因素所在,有助于对储层进行针对性改造. 相似文献
3.
孔隙度和渗透率是岩石和测井储层评价的两个重要参数.通过大量的学术调研,对影响孔隙度和渗透率测量的实验条件进行分析和总结.影响的因素主要有实验的温度和各种压力条件.但不同孔渗条件的岩样,温度和压力影响的程度不同.总的来说,随着温度和压力的升高,孔隙度和渗透率稍稍降低,整体变化幅度很小.岩样孔隙度和渗透率越低,温度和压力敏感性越强.研究温度和压力对孔隙度渗透率测量的影响因素,为准确测量岩样的孔隙度和渗透率提供实验依据,也为研究储层温度和压力条件下的多场耦合问题提供理论基础,同时为石油热开采提高渗透率和核废料地下安全性处理提供技术支持. 相似文献
4.
《地球物理学进展》2016,(5)
以往的天然气水合物开采数值模拟研究大多集中于产能结果分析,鲜见关于降压开采过程中储层内部压力变化规律的研究.本文基于质量守恒、能量守恒和达西定律,建立了水合物降压开采气、水和水合物三相一维模型,并首次在模拟计算中引入压降半径公式,利用有限差分法,采用IMPES(隐式压力-显式饱和度)方法求解模型.文中对比研究了井口压力、温度、渗透率和水合物分解对储层内压力变化的影响,结果表明:降压开采水合物导致井口附近形成低温区,可能引起水结冰和水合物再生的现象;储层绝对渗透率越大,压降在储层内的传播越快,总产气量也越大;水合物分解引起得水气两相相对渗透率变化和分解产生的水气是影响储层内压降传播速度的主要因素. 相似文献
5.
现行各类煤芯煤层气逸散量推算方法, 均未考虑煤芯煤层气在不同钻井液环境下解吸过程的差异, 可能导致煤层含气量测定结果出现偏差. 为此, 本文将钻井液条件下煤芯煤层气解吸视为一个变压解吸过程, 以Langmuir方程和Fick第一定律为基础, 综合考虑钻井液条件下影响煤层气解吸扩散的主要因素, 通过物理模拟实验和理论探讨, 建立了考虑游离气在内的钻井液条件下煤芯煤层气解吸-扩散模型及逸散量数值模拟求取方法. 结果显示: 数值模拟能够较为准确地拟合t-Qt物理模拟曲线, 提钻过程最终解吸量数值模拟值和物理模拟值总体较为接近. 通过对实测解吸数据求取逸散量发现, 当逸散时间较长时, 数值模拟结果普遍大于直接法计算结果. 作者由此认为, 采用中国目前方法推得的煤芯煤层气逸散量普遍偏低, 有必要在深入研究基础上考虑对中国现行国家标准予以修订. 相似文献
6.
《地球物理学进展》2017,(6)
地热能具有绿色、稳定、资源丰富、可再生等优点,可用来发电及工业、住宅供热.应用COMSOL多物理场耦合数值软件通过建立温度-渗流耦合模型,考虑工作介质物性参数随温度的变化,针对热储层参数及层理缝对地热能开发效果的影响展开研究.结果表明:热储压力在开发初期恢复缓慢的原因与开发初期注采井附近温度差异有关;裸眼段长度为40 m时可控热储层厚度为150 m;一注一采井距为300 m时注采系统可控热储层半径为400 m;基质渗透率大于80×10-15m2将影响热储开发寿命;基质孔隙度、基质热传导系数对热储开发影响较小,基质比热容越大越有利于热储开发;层理缝条数、导流能力对热储开发有较大影响,层理缝条数增加,产出液质量流量增加,热突破快,持续开发寿命缩短,层理缝的不合理利用将遮挡注入流体的波及范围.研究成果可为高温地热选层提供有力技术支持. 相似文献
7.
煤储层应力敏感性是影响煤层气井产能的地质因素,以鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘高煤级煤储层为对象,通过煤样的应力敏感性实验和现场测试,建立了高煤级煤储层渗透性与应力之间的相关关系和模型;探讨了渗透性变化的控制机理.研究结果表明, 煤储层渗透率随应力的增加按负指数函数规律降低.在应力小于5 MPa时,煤储层渗透率随应力增加快速下降,应力敏感性最强;应力在5~10 MPa时,渗透率随应力增加而较快下降,应力敏感性较强;而当应力大于10 MPa后,渗透率随应力的增加下降速度减缓,应力敏感性减弱.与沁水盆地南部高煤级煤样实验结果对比认为,鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘山西组2煤层应力敏感性要小于沁水盆地南部山西组3煤层的应力敏感性.煤储层渗透性是在应力作用下煤储层中裂隙产生压缩(压密)变形,裂隙开度急剧减小的结果.因此在煤层气开发过程中控制排采速度,尤其是排采早期降液速度,对于防止煤储层应力敏感性,提高采收率具有实际意义. 相似文献
8.
水力压裂是干热岩(HDR)开发最常用到的压裂方式，水力压裂形成的裂缝网络为增强地热系统的运行(EGS)提供了高渗透率的人工储层.本文在系统总结前人关于共和盆地水力压裂实验、数值模拟资料和现场水力压裂监测结果的基础上，引入了离散裂缝网络(DFN),利用多物理场模拟软件COMSOL Multiphysics建立了共和盆地恰卜恰地区干热岩开采过程中的二维裂缝-基质热-孔隙流体耦合模型，并讨论了裂缝开度和基质渗透率对干热岩开采温度下降过程的影响.结果表明，裂缝网络是流体运移的主要通道.温度下降和早期压力变化范围沿着裂缝延伸，并向周围被裂缝分割的基质扩展.裂缝开度和基质渗透率是影响干热岩地热开采过程中温度下降的重要因素.当裂缝开度越大时，流体运移范围就越大，储层温度和产出水温下降就越快，储层下降范围就越广，热突破时间和运行寿命就越短.当基质渗透率越大时，越有利于流体进入基质进行热量交换，越容易从干热岩中提取热量，产出水温下降越快，运行寿命越短. 相似文献
9.
《地球物理学报》2021,64(6)
为揭示天然气水合物降压开采过程中水合物分解规律,建立了柱坐标系下水合物降压开采的物理模型和数学模型,应用有限差分法进行求解,并应用神狐海域试采数据进行了验证,进而分析了降压开采过程中压力、水合物饱和度、渗透率的变化规律以及多种边界条件下分解过渡带的移动规律,研究了不同降压开采参数对水合物分解过程的影响.结果表明:降压开始后,井眼周围迅速形成压降漏斗,随着开采时间的增加,压降漏斗向储层远处扩散;井眼处的水合物最先分解,随着开采时间的推进,水合物饱和度逐渐降低,储层渗透率逐渐增大;水合物饱和度降低的区域沿径向向外扩散,渗透率增大的区域也与之相应;过渡带外沿、内沿移动速度不同步,开采后期移动速度都变慢,分解过渡带宽度随着开采时间逐渐增大,到一定天数后趋于稳定;水合物降压开采的主要控制参数包括开采井压力、水合物初始饱和度、储层绝对渗透率、水合物分解动力学常数等;模拟水合物降压开采时,如果选择封闭型边界且半径较小,则所得出的模拟结果与实际开采情况会有较大的差别,甚至相悖. 相似文献
10.
在围压2~40MPa变化范围内,以恒流法多次变化上游压力测量了以断层岩为主的样品的气体(N2)渗透率,将实验结果进行了Klinkenberg效应校正。对实验数据的拟合分析表明,滑脱因子b值与绝对渗透率kl存在b=λkl-d形式的幂律关系,断层岩符合b=0.004 6kl-0.476的变化关系。与沉积岩相比,断层岩的气体滑脱效应更强,采用气体测量渗透率时,其滑脱效应不能忽略。断层岩气体渗透率和绝对渗透率与测量所用的孔隙压力间的关系为kg/kl=1+(0.009 2kl-0.476)/(Pu+Pd)。结果表明样品渗透率越低,滑脱效应越强,提高孔隙压力,滑脱效应逐渐减小;对于高渗(10-15m2~10-18m2)的样品,高孔隙压力下(4MPa以上)的气体渗透率与绝对渗透率基本一致,对于超低渗(10-22m2~10-20m2)的样品,即使提高孔隙压力亦很难避免滑脱效应。在40MPa有效压力下断层泥样品的绝对渗透率为4.54×10-19m2~2.43×10-17m2,角砾岩的绝对渗透率较断层泥高出1~2个数量级,为2.25×10-17m2~7.94×10-16m2,表明汶川地震断层带具有核部低、破碎带高的渗透结构,断层带核部具备热压作用发生所要求的低渗条件。 相似文献
11.
The physical characteristics of coal reservoirs are important for evaluating the potential for gas desorption, diffusion, and seepage during coalbed methane (CBM) production, and influence the performance of CBM wells. Based on data from mercury injection experiments, low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption, isothermal adsorption, initial velocity tests of methane diffusion, and gas natural desorption data from a CBM field, herein the physical characteristics of reservoirs of high-rank coals with different coal-body structures are described, including porosity, adsorption/desorption, diffusion, and seepage. Geometric models are constructed for these reservoirs. The modes of diffusion are discussed and a comprehensive diffusion-seepage model is constructed. The following conclusions were obtained. First, the pore distribution of tectonically deformed coal is different from that of normal coal. Compared to normal coal, all types of pore, including micropores (<10 nm), transitional pores (10–100 nm), mesopores (100–1000 nm), and macropores (>1000 nm), are more abundant in tectonically deformed coal, especially mesopores and macropores. The increase in pore abundance is greater with increasing tectonic deformation of coal; in addition, the pore connectivity is altered. These are the key factors causing differences in other reservoir physical characteristics, such as adsorption/desorption and diffusion in coals with different coal-body structures. Second, normal and cataclastic coals mainly contain micropores. The lack of macropores and its bad connectivity limit gas desorption and diffusion during the early stage of CBM production. However, the good connectivity of micropores is favorable for gas desorption and diffusion in later gas production stage. Thus, because of the slow decline in the rate of gas desorption, long-term gas production can easily be obtained from these reservoirs. Third, under natural conditions the adsorption/desorption properties of granulated and mylonitized coal are good, and the diffusion ability is also enhanced. However, for in situ reservoir conditions, the high dependence of reservoir permeability on stress results in a weak seepage of gas; thus, desorption and diffusion is limited. Fourth, during gas production, the pore range in which transitional diffusion takes place always increases, but that for Fick diffusion decreases. This is a reason for the reduction in diffusion capacity, in which micropores and transitional pores are the primary factors limiting gas diffusion. Finally, the proposed comprehensive model of CBM production under in situ reservoir conditions elucidates the key factors limiting gas production, which is helpful for selection of reservoir stimulation methods. 相似文献
12.
瓦斯(煤层气)突出是指煤矿生产过程中,从煤层、岩层及采空区放出的各种有害气体在工作面上富集并涌出,从而引起瓦斯爆炸的煤矿灾害.因此,查明煤层瓦斯富集区域,对可能瓦斯突出点进行预报和应用,是当前煤矿生产中亟待解决的重要课题.本文应用地理信息系统基本原理,结合煤层气地质学、构造地质学等学科的理论和方法,对游离态的煤层气进行深入研究.在此基础上借助ArcGIS平台,根据游离态的煤层气的生、储、盖条件建立了分析模型及空间分析数据库;应用于王营井田,在此基础上预测了王营矿区游离态的煤层气的可能聚集带,为今后的煤层气勘探指明了方向. 相似文献
13.
Desorption-diffusion model and lost gas quantity estimation of coalbed methane from coal core under drilling fluid medium 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Geoff WANG 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2010,(4)
The differences of coalbed methane(CBM) desorption-diffusion from coal drilling-core under various drilling fluid medium are not considered in the present calculating methods of lost CBM quantity,which leads possibly to the inaccuracy of CBM quantity in coal seam.Here we took the desorption of CBM from coal core under drilling fluid medium as a pressure-swing process,and based on the Langmuir equation and Fick-first law,established the desorption-diffusion model and numerical modeling method of lost gas(inc... 相似文献
14.
针对电化学作用能够显著增强煤中甲烷解吸渗流特性,但对其电极材料的选择缺乏依据的问题,采用实验的方法研究了铝、铁、铜和石墨四种电极材料对电化学改性无烟煤甲烷吸附解吸特性的影响．结果表明：（1）未改性自然煤样的甲烷饱和吸附量a为39.92mL·g~(-1),由铝、铁、铜和石墨四种电极材料进行电化学改性后阳极区域煤样的甲烷饱和吸附量a分别降低了5.22%、8.48%、9.24%和11.33%,阴极区域煤样的甲烷饱和吸附量a分别降低了9.53%、4.97%、6.25%和4.97%;(2）未改性自然煤样在300min的甲烷解吸率为83.17%,经铝、铁、铜和石墨四种电极材料改性后阳极区域煤样的甲烷解吸率分别提高了9.50%、7.10%、8.36%和15.75%,阴极区域煤样的甲烷解吸率分别提高了1.76%、1.12%、6.10%和16.23%;(3）采用石墨作为电极的电化学对无烟煤甲烷解吸的影响效果最为明显,原因在于石墨阳极处电解反应生成较多的H~+离子,一方面对煤表面进行酸化,抑制了煤甲烷的吸附,另一方面更多地溶蚀煤中的碳酸盐和硫酸盐矿物,增加了煤中的孔隙,使得甲烷最终解吸率有所升高．本文的研究结果可为电化学强化煤甲烷解吸电极材料的优选提供基础依据． 相似文献
15.
储层改造是煤层气井提高产能的重要措施,水力压裂是煤层气储层改造的重要方法.为研究煤层气储层压裂过程及其天然裂缝对煤储层压裂时破裂压力的影响,本文以山西沁水盆地南部高煤级煤矿区为研究区,运用有限元数值模拟方法,计算不同地应力条件下、裂缝处于不同位置时煤储层的破裂压力.结果表明:(1)不同类型地应力场对破裂压力的影响不同.对于均匀应力场,破裂压力随着围压的增大而增大,其增幅约为围压的两倍;对于非均匀应力场,当一个水平主应力不变时,破裂压力会随着水平主应力差的增加而减少;(2)如果地应力条件不变,煤储层破裂压力随着天然裂缝与最大水平主应力方向夹角的增加而增加,水平主应力差越大煤储层破裂压力增幅也越大;(3)在有天然裂隙的地层中进行压裂,当天然裂缝的方位不同时压裂裂缝既可能是沿着天然裂缝扩展的裂缝,也可能是压裂过程中产生的新裂缝,因此天然裂缝的方位对破裂压力具有一定的影响. 相似文献
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Igneous intrusions in coal seams are found in 80 % of coal mines in the Huaibei coalfield, China, and coal and gas outburst accidents have occurred 11 times under a 120-m-thick sill in the Haizi mining field. The magma’s heat had a significant controlling effect on coal seam gas occurrence. Based on theoretical analysis, experimental tests and site validation, we analyzed the temperature distribution following magma intrusion into coal measure strata and the variations in multiple physical parameters and adsorption/desorption characteristics between the underlying coal seams beneath the sill in the Haizi mining field and coal seams uninfluenced by magma intrusion in the adjacent Linhuan mining field. The research results show that the main factors controlling the temperature distribution of the magma and surrounding rocks in the cooling process include the cooling time and the thickness and initial temperature of the magmatic rock. As the distance from sill increases, the critical effective temperature and the duration of sustained high temperatures decrease. The sill in the Haizi mining field significantly promoted coal seam secondary hydrocarbon generation in the thermally affected area, which generated approximately 340 m3/t of hydrocarbon. In the magma-affected area, the metamorphic grade, micropore volume, amount of gas adsorption, initial speed of gas desorption, and amount of desorption all increase. Fluid entrapment by sills usually causes the gas pressure and gas content of the underlying coal seams to increase. As a result, the outburst risks from coal seams increases as well. 相似文献
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Coal measures (coal bearing rock strata) can contain large reserves of methane. These reserves are being exploited at a rapidly increasing rate in many parts of the world. To extract coal seam gas, thousands of wells are drilled at relatively small spacing to depressurize coal seams to induce desorption and allow subsequent capture of the gas. To manage this process effectively, the effect of coal bed methane (CBM) extraction on regional aquifer systems must be properly understood and managed. Groundwater modeling is an integral part of this management process. However, modeling of CBM impacts presents some unique challenges, as processes that are operative at two very different scales must be adequately represented in the models. The impacts of large‐scale gas extraction may be felt over a large area, yet despite the significant upscaling that accompanies construction of a regional model, near‐well conditions and processes cannot be ignored. These include the highly heterogeneous nature of many coal measures, and the dual‐phase flow of water and gas that is induced by coal seam depressurization. To understand these challenges, a fine‐scale model was constructed incorporating a detailed representation of lithological heterogeneity to ensure that near‐well processes and conditions could be examined. The detail of this heterogeneity was at a level not previously employed in models built to assess groundwater impacts arising from CBM extraction. A dual‐phase reservoir simulator was used to examine depressurization and water desaturation processes in the vicinity of an extractive wellfield within this fine‐scale model. A single‐phase simulator was then employed so that depressurization errors incurred by neglecting near‐well, dual‐phase flow could be explored. Two models with fewer lithological details were then constructed in order to examine the nature of depressurization errors incurred by upscaling and to assess the interaction of the upscaling process with the requirement for adequate representation of near‐source, dual‐phase processes. 相似文献
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Distribution and fractionation mechanism of stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The stable carbon isotope values of coalbed methane range widely, and also are gener- ally lighter than that of gases in normal coal-formed gas fields with similar coal rank. There exists strong carbon isotope fractionation in coalbed methane and it makes the carbon isotope value lighter. The correlation between the carbon isotope value and Ro in coalbed methane is less obvious. The coaly source rock maturity cannot be judged by coalbed methane carbon isotope value. The carbon isotopes of coalbed methane become lighter in much different degree due to the hydrodynamics. The stronger the hydrodynamics is, the lighter the CBM carbon isotopic value becomes. Many previous investigations indicated that the desorption-diffusion effects make the carbon isotope value of coalbed methane lighter. However, the explanation has encountered many problems. The authors of this arti- cle suggest that the flowing groundwater dissolution to free methane in coal seams and the free methane exchange with absorbed one is the carbon isotope fractionation mechanism in coalbed methane. The flowing groundwater in coal can easily take more 13CH4 away from free gas and com- paratively leave more 12CH4. This will make 12CH4 density in free gas comparatively higher than that in absorbed gas. The remaining 12CH4 in free gas then exchanges with the adsorbed methane in coal matrix. Some absorbed 13CH4 can be replaced and become free gas. Some free 12CH4 can be ab- sorbed again into coal matrix and become absorbed gas. Part of the newly replaced 13CH4 in free gas will also be taken away by water, leaving preferentially more 12CH4. The remaining 12CH4 in free gas will exchange again with adsorbed methane in the coal matrix. These processes occur all the time. Through accumulative effect, the 12CH4 will be greatly concentrated in coal. Thus, the stable carbon isotope of coalbed methane becomes dramatically lighter. Through simulation experiment on wa- ter-dissolved methane, it had been proved that the flowing water could fractionate the carbon isotope of methane, and easily take heavy carbon isotope away through dissolution. 相似文献