共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 471 毫秒
1.
以显示动力学和接触碰撞理论为基础,应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA程序,对常规的泥石流重力拦挡坝和带支撑的新型拦挡坝进行了单个球体撞击下的多参数数值模拟计算及对比分析。结果表明：无论有无支撑,混凝土坝身的破坏模式均为由撞击区域应力骤增导致的局部混凝土压碎,但支撑使坝身迎击面应力分布均匀,提高了材料利用率;支撑能够显著减小混凝土坝顶动位移,最大减幅在30%以上,甚至可达近65%,坝身刚度得到大幅度提高;当撞击高度一定时,支撑间距越小,混凝土坝顶动位移越小;若设置了支撑,则可适当减小混凝土坝身厚度,其减小比例以1/3为宜;撞击力主要由混凝土坝身承担,其刚度显著大于支撑总刚度;撞击高度越高或者支撑间距越小,则混凝土坝底支反力所占比重相对越低,支撑的加强作用也就越显著。 相似文献
2.
汶川地震后我国西部山区大量崩滑体堵塞泥石流沟道,形成堰塞坝,暴雨条件下极易溃决形成溃决洪水,剧烈冲刷侵蚀下游松散堆积体,形成或加剧泥石流灾害规模,对下游拦挡工程的破坏性极强。通过室内水槽试验,监测堆积体内和拦挡坝后相关土水、动力参数响应规律,分析松散堆积体冲刷侵蚀启动力学机制及其与拦挡坝相互作用机理,并推导出考虑孔隙水压力的泥石流冲击力计算公式。结果表明：(1)冲刷启动过程中堆积体以溯源侵蚀、侧蚀为主,体积含水率和孔隙水压力先增后减,基质吸力呈波动减小。(2)在泥石流冲击拦挡坝过程中,坝后出现两次冲击峰值,第一次拦挡坝泄水通畅,振动加速度为1.29 m/s2;第二次排水受阻,振动加速度为1.22 m/s2,同时泥位达到峰值95 mm。(3)泥石流对拦挡坝的整体冲击力由动、静两部分组成,静冲击力与坝后孔隙水压力呈正比,而动冲击力与流速的平方呈正比。研究成果可为震后泥石流沟道松散堆积体冲刷启动机理研究与防治工程优化提供理论与技术支持。 相似文献
3.
悬挑式格栅坝为一新型的格栅坝体类型,本文阐述其在以水流为主的稀性泥石流和挟带大量推移质的高含沙洪水的泥石流治理工程中的优点,并以工程实例应用作为悬挑式格栅坝设计实践,从而进行泥石流治理推广。 相似文献
4.
鉴于格宾石笼护岸、护坡等优质特性,对其应用至地震减灾工程进行研究。经分析可知,格宾石笼主要利用双绞合六边形金属网片组合为箱笼,再装填石料堆筑构成防护整体;格宾石笼具有高强度耐久性、透水性、整体性与柔韧性和施工过程简单便利等特征。依据格宾石笼构造与特性分析,分别将地震减灾工程下格宾石笼拦挡坝施工划分为格宾石笼护基与格宾石笼护坡两部分进行研究。利用测量放线、挖掘基础、规整地基、铺垫反滤层、格宾放置与连接、支顶加固、石料装填封盖等步骤实现格宾石笼护基施工。通过削坡、铺设土工布、砂砾垫层、安装网箱、装填石料和封盖等步骤实现格宾石笼护坡施工。分别在冲击力、位移和能量三方面验证格宾石笼拦挡坝支护技术,实验结果表明,冲击力和坝体自身材料性质有关联,格宾拦挡坝材料属于柔性材料,冲击力由此减小,耗费冲击力能量效果十分明显;坝体可以利用整个结构全部能量承担很大负载;格宾石笼拦挡坝体耗能效果显然优于浆砌石坝。 相似文献
5.
泥石流防撞墩冲击力理论计算方法 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在西部泥石流多发区,交通线路经常需要穿越泥石流沟,设置在泥石流沟床中的桥墩容易遭受泥石流大块石的冲击,为此,常常在其前端设置泥石流防撞墩,以达到保护桥墩的目的。防撞墩设计的关键参数是泥石流大块石的冲击力。目前,有关泥石流冲击力的计算方法都比较粗糙,计算结果与实际情况不符。本文以Thornton理想弹塑性接触模型为基础,并考虑防撞墩的弯矩变形特性,根据能量守恒定律,推导了泥石流大块石冲击力的计算公式。结果表明,考虑结构弹塑性特性后,泥石流大块石冲击力大大降低,远小于按弹性冲击理论所确定的冲击力,计算结果更符合实际情况。 相似文献
6.
受汶川地震影响,四川等地泥石流治理更为迫切。泥石流的暴发具有突发性,在防治工程中,相比实体坝而言,格栅坝是一种节省材料、稳定性更高的拦挡结构,使用范围越来越广,但是目前尚无成熟的格栅坝设计方法。本文参考梳齿坝的已有理论确定了支墩间距的计算方法,并结合已有实验资料提出了格栅坝格栅间距的计算公式,改变了以往不同坝体乃至同一坝内各横梁间距一致的计算方法。另外,因支墩间隔相对较小,以简支模式计算石块对横梁冲击力并不合适,本文基于固定梁模式重新推导了计算公式,其计算结果与简支梁模式比较,数值大了3倍。最后考虑坝体建成后的不同情况,提出了支墩、横梁及两侧翼墙的详细计算工况,并基于以上设计理论,对烂泥沟泥石流治理工程的部分格栅坝进行了具体设计。 相似文献
7.
为了研究常温养护条件下活性粉末混凝土(RPC)板的抗冲击性能,对3块RPC板和3块普通钢筋混凝土(RC)板进行14 m高度下的落锤冲击试验,利用高速动态采集系统对落锤冲击过程中动态加速度和动态支座反力、混凝土板的应变进行采集,通过记录数据并对比分析了RPC板和RC板抗冲击性能的差异。试验结果表明:与普通RC板相比,RPC板的落锤冲击持续时间明显延长,冲击速度增大,冲量明显增加;冲击加速度峰值、平均冲击力及最大冲击力均减小;RPC板四角所承受的动态反力幅值明显大于RC板;RPC板的最大应变均大于RC板。分析混凝土板的破坏情况,发现RPC板正面接触冲击部位只出现较小的冲击坑,未出现RC板的穿透性破坏,且RPC板背面的裂缝数量均少于RC板,宽度也明显小于RC板。试验结果,表明常温养护条件下RPC板的抗冲击性能明显高于RC板,且随着钢纤维掺量的增加,RPC板的抗冲击性能逐渐增强,相比较于普通混凝土,RPC材料更加适用于受落石冲击危害的地区。 相似文献
8.
楔挡分流结构爆炸损伤特征数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
楔挡分流结构是一种新型的拦挡结构,在灾害防治中发挥着重要作用,对其在爆炸等特殊荷载作用下的损伤进行研究具有重要的意义。使用ANSYS／AUTODYN软件,首先采用光滑粒子流体动力学方法（smoothed particle hy-drodynamics,SPH）和混凝土的RHT（Riede-Hiermater-Thoma）本构,对前人试验模型进行了模拟计算。通过对试验和模拟结果的对比分析,验证了SPH算法和混凝土RHT本构在模拟混凝土介质中爆炸损伤的可行性。然后使用同样的算法和材料本构,建立全尺寸模型,对混凝土楔挡分流拦挡坝坝体内爆炸损伤及应力波传播进行了模拟计算。通过对计算结果的分析,研究了混凝土介质中爆炸成坑的机理,得到了楔挡分流结构在内部爆炸作用下的爆坑形态特征、药柱上下部混凝土损伤特点、破碎区范围。对坝体中冲击波传播及混凝土碎块抛射等问题进行了探索。 相似文献
9.
针对传统等效线性法对尾矿坝地震响应分析结果与实际情况存在一定的出入的问题,通过振动台模型试验和数值计算结果比对验证数值计算方法的可行性,运用考虑液化后尾矿砂流动特性的孔压上升模型,基于完全非线性动力分析方法,对尾矿坝地震响应进行分析计算,通过对坝顶位移和加速度的监测结果进行分析,得出坝顶的加速度放大系数以及坝顶位移最大值;并由坝体水平方向位移云图、竖直方向位移云图及位移矢量图,判断可能发生局部滑坡的位置;对坝体内液化情况进行判定,得到尾矿坝的地震响应规律,为尾矿坝抗震设计提供一定的理论参考. 相似文献
10.
钢筋混凝土带暗支撑核心简体抗震性能试验研究 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
本文在带暗支撑剪力墙研究的基础上,进一步提出了带暗支撑核心筒体,通1/6缩尺的1个带暗支撑筒体结构和1个普通筒体结构的低周反复荷载试验,比较分析了它们的承载力、刚度、延性、滞回特性、耗能能力及破坏机制。试验表明,带暗支撑筒体比普通筒体的抗震性能明显提高。 相似文献
11.
Blocking is one of the important features when a beam dam intercepts debris flow, while self-cleaning is another when managing suspended debris flow. Both features determine the debris flow control benefits of beam dam but the latter often is not considered in practical engineering design. In this paper, a series of specially designed flume experiments were done to simulate blocking and self-cleaning processes. The blocking ratio and deposition features were measured to contrast the blocking and self-cleaning performance before and after artificial self-cleaning. The experimental results reveal that the beam dam net opening, particle diameter of sediment, sediment concentration, and gradient of the channel are the main factors affecting blocking performance. A new criterion of blocking performance of beam dams that considers the interaction of multiple factors and can provide guidance to practical project design is proposed. For all three types of blocking, sediment deposited upstream of a beam dam can be effectively transported downstream by erosion from post-debris-flow floods, Self-cleaning performance is most efficient for temporary blocking, followed by partial-blocking, and total-blocking. The efficiency of self-cleaning largely depends on the change of the sediment deposit due to erosion. Finally, a discussion is given for the optimal design of an open-type check dam and the feasibility of synergistic effects of self-cleaning in combination with artificial cleaning. Some supporting artificial silt-cleaning should be implemented in practice. A beam dam will, thus, have more storage capacity with which to control the next debris flow event. 相似文献
12.
The front part of the flow is very important and complex in the case of debris flow where there is an accumulation of large boulders. It is important to control or dampen the energy of the frontal part of a debris flow for the safety of the downstream area because the impact pressure of debris flow is much greater than that of clear fluid. The main objective of this study is to analyze the hydraulic characteristics of the proposed dam (i.e. closed-type dam with flap). The vertical pressure distribution of this type is compared with conventional dam types. In the experiments, the total pressure associated with major debris flows was recorded in real time by a system consisting of four dynamic pressure sensors installed on different types of dam. The results from experimental data clearly show that the dam with the flap has advantages of capturing the debris flow with large boulders and controls the total pressure by flow circulation due to presence of the flap structure compared to a closed-type dam without flap. Further-more, the empirical coefficients of hydrodynamic and solid collision models were proposed and com-pared with available coefficients. 相似文献
13.
泥石流区桥墩损毁机制与控制研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了保证安全,泥石流多发区的道路常采用桥梁的方式通过。位于泥石流区的桥梁的桥墩在泥石流暴发时受到泥石流的冲击,常会造成不同程度的损毁。泥石流冲击力是泥石流区桥墩受到的主要荷载,目前在计算泥石流冲击力时一般将其视为均质体,但是泥石流为固液两相流体,因此得到的计算结果误差较大。为了提高精确度,本文对泥石流冲击力计算公式进行了修正,先分别运用动力学中的弹性碰撞理论和牛顿第二定律对泥石流固相和液相的冲击力进行计算,然后将其进行叠加,得到总的泥石流冲击力。泥石流区桥墩破坏的模式主要有冲击破坏、倾覆破坏和滑动破坏3种形式。为了减小泥石流对桥墩的破坏能,可在桥墩受到泥石流冲击的部位设置消能层,通过算例发现,设置消能层后冲击力减小了26.94%。 相似文献
14.
A miniaturized flume experiment was carried out to measure impact forces of viscous debris flow. The flow depth (7.2–11.2 cm), velocity (2.4–5.2 m/s) and impact force were recorded during the experiment. The impact process of debris flow can be divided into three phases by analyzing the variation of impact signals and flow regime. The three phases are the sudden strong impact of the debris flow head, continuous dynamic pressure of the body and slight static pressure of the tail. The variation of impact process is consistent with the change in the flow regime. The head has strong–rapid impact pressure, which is shown as a turbulent‐type flow; the body approximates to steady laminar flow. Accordingly, the process of debris flows hitting structures was simplified to a triangle shape, ignoring the pressure of the tail. In order to study the distribution of the debris flow impact force at different depths and variation of the impact process over time, the impact signals of slurry and coarse particles were separated from the original signals using wavelet analysis. The slurry's dynamic pressure signal appears to be a smooth curve, and the peak pressure is 12–34 kPa when the debris flow head hits the sensors, which is about 1.54 ± 0.36 times the continuous dynamic pressure of the debris flow body. The limit of application of the empirical parameter α in the hydraulic formula was also noted. We introduced the power function relationship of α and the Froude number of debris flows, and proposed a universal model for calculating dynamic pressure. The impact pressure of large particles has the characteristic of randomness. The mean frequency of large particles impacting the sensor is 210 ± 50–287 ± 29 times per second, and it is 336 ± 114–490 ± 69 times per second for the debris flow head, which is greater than that in the debris flow body. Peak impact pressure of particles at different flow depths is 40–160 kPa, which is 3.2 ± 1.5 times the impact pressure of the slurry at the bottom of the flow, 3.1 ± 0.9 times the flow in the middle, and 3.3 ± 0.9 times the flow at the surface. The differences in impact frequency indicate that most of the large particles concentrate in the debris flow head, and the number of particles in the debris flow head increases with height. This research supports the study of solid–liquid two phase flow mechanisms, and helps engineering design and risk assessment in debris flow prone areas. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
Impulsive force of debris flow on a curved dam 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Although Sabo dams are an efficient method for river and basin management, traditional Sabo dams have a great impact on ecology and landscape. Moreover, such dams are hit and often damaged by great impulsive force when they block the debris flow. Therefore, alternative shapes for Sabo dam deserve thorough investigation. In this investigation, a curved dam was designed by changing the upstream-dam-surface geometric shape to reduce the impulsive force of the debris flow, with enhanced stability and reduced concrete mass being the anticipated outcomes. In this study, the flume and laboratory facilities simulated the impulsive force of the debris flow to the Sabo dams. Three geometric forms, including vertical, slanted and curved Sabo dams, were used to determine the impulsive force. Impulsive force theories of the debris flow were derived from the momentum equation and the Bernoulli equation. In these, the impulsive force was balanced by the friction force of the Sabo dam and the opposite force of the load cell behind the dam as it was hit by the debris flow. Positive correlations were found when comparing the experimental data with the theoretical results. These findings suggest that our impulsive force theory has predictive validity with regard to the experimental data. The results from both theory and experimental data clearly show that curved darns were sustained less force than the other darns under the same debris flow. This comparison demonstrates the importance of curved geometry for a well-designed Sabo dam. 相似文献
16.
DESIGN OF SLIT DAMS FOR CONTROLLING STONY DEBRIS FLOWS 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Hui-Pang LIEN 《国际泥沙研究》2003,18(1)
1 INTRODUCTION Stony debris flows are natural, highly concentrated water-sediment mixture, which forms wherever the simultaneous availability of water, debris material and an adequate slope, steeper than o10 are satisfied (Gregoretti, 2000). In mountainous regions of Taiwan, due to vast development and utilization of hills, stony debris flows are important from the point of disaster prevention, since they occur frequently and often bring about heavy loss of lives and properties. Therefo… 相似文献
17.
通过对水口水电站重力坝强震反应台站在古田地震中获取的强震反应观测资料进行信噪比、反应谱和功率谱分析,得到如下结论:①大坝在0.7～15 Hz频率段的振动特性较为可信;②坝基和自由场输入地震动富于高频,峰值加速度反应谱存在较大差异;③坝基输入地震动存在差异性,建议今后此类大坝抗震设计时考虑多点地震动输入;④单个卓越频率携带的能量对反应谱影响不大,反应谱是和输入地震动总能量相关的;⑤坝体刚度较大,此次地震中还处于线弹性状态。初步了解了强震记录的地震动特性和大坝结构的抗震性能,对认识水库地震近场地震动特性和重力坝地震反应有一定的参考意义。 相似文献