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利用中国数字地震台网（ＣＤＳＮ）兰州台短周期数字地震仪的记录资料,研究了１９９５年甘肃永登ＭＳ５．８地震前后,发生在永登地区小地震的Ｓ波波谱参数,获得以下结果：（１）在永登地震前２年左右,该地区小地震的ＳＣ波波谱拐角频率ｆＣ逐渐下降,由原来的２．４Ｈｚ下降到１．８Ｈｚ．（２）直达波Ｓｇ和地壳内中间层反射波ＳＣ的波谱高频衰减斜率比值γ则先逐渐上升,在临震前１６个月逐渐下降,在下降过程中发生了永登地震,以后又逐渐恢复．（３）用直达横波Ｓｇ的谱参数求出的介质品质因数ＱＳｇ在永登地震前后有较明显的异常变化 相似文献
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中国东部大陆与东海海域地质构造的相关性分析 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
分析了中国大陆东部地区和东海海域地球物理场、大地构造、地球动力学特征．根据分析得出;东海海域的重磁场特征与中国大陆重磁场特征密切相关．分布趋势与走向均与大陆边缘重磁场相同,是大陆地球物理场向海域的延伸．东海陆架盆地地区具有大陆地球物理场特征．东海东部边缘、海槽具有大陆边缘地球物理场特征．根据研究区的重磁资料计算了该区莫霍、居里界面深度与分布．地壳结构特征表明：莫霍界面在中国东部的主要走向为NE—NNE向,与东海莫霍界面的走向基本一致,说明是大陆地壳向海域的延伸．在冲绳海槽以东海域,地壳厚度由十几公里迅速减薄到几公里,表明地壳由过渡壳向洋壳的转变．因此;中绳海槽应该是大陆地壳的自然终结．中国大陆东部居里界面的差异,反映了地壳结构的不同。陆区及陆架区的磁场特征主要反映了上地壳的磁性结构,相应的也形成了不同的磁场特征与居里界面特征．地球动力学特征表明：东海海域地球动力学特征与中国东部大陆地球动力学特征关系密切,这一地区是欧亚板块与菲律宾海板块的结合地带．构造活动十分强烈．是研究中国大陆及其邻域构造运动,进行地球动力学特征分析的极为有利、重要的地区． 相似文献
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讨论了小波分析在地壳垂直形变测量数据分析中应用的可能性,并采用基于样条函数的多分辨分析及其相应的Ｂ小波,推导了适合区域地壳垂直形变分析的平面二维小波计算公式．在此基础上,利用样条Ｂ小波计算了河西－祁连山地区１９７１～１９９５年的多期垂直形变观测资料,所得结果如下：①小波多分辨分解可有效地分离地壳垂直形变的不同空间波长成分,使我们更清晰地看清垂直形变在不同尺度上空间分布的不均匀性,是我们研究地壳垂直形变不均匀性与地震活动关系的一个有力工具;②河西地区地壳垂直运动的一阶、二阶小波分解结果主要与地质构造一致,说明了河西地区地壳垂直运动的短波主要是断层活动;③河西－祁连山地区地壳垂直运动的变化反映了该地区地质构造活动东南部较强烈,与１９８６年青海门源６．４级、１９９０年甘肃景泰６．２级和１９９５年甘肃永登５．８级地震前河西地区地应力加强和地震活动有关,而西北部运动较弱,无中强以上地震发生 相似文献
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本文介绍利用地震转换波测深法研究1976年7.8级唐山大震区深部构造的某些结果,得出了沿两条测线的深部构造剖面图。发现在极震区的数十公里的范围内,地壳和上地幔具有异常结构,在地壳中部比震区外围多出一个中间层位,埋深约12-20km,地壳上部界面向上挠曲,而莫霍面和上地幔顶部界面却强烈地向下挠曲,引起了震区岩石圈厚度的加大,在震区存在深浅不等的深部断裂。深部构造与震源分布的对比表明,唐山主震和绝大多数余震均分布在壳内中间层之上,有的甚至就分布在壳内中间层的上、下界面附近。转换波测深结果表明,本区地壳上地幔中强烈的升降差异运动可能是唐山大震的重要促发因素。 相似文献
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根据中国数字化地震台网（ＣＤＳＮ）记录到的长周期面波资料，测定了中朝准地台东部地区周期从１０～１４６ｓ的基阶瑞雷波Ｑ_Ｒ值．并用随机逆反演方法反演得到了４条路径上的地壳上地幔Ｑ_β模型．结果表明：中朝准地台东部地区的地壳平均Ｑ_β值为２００左右，地壳中部（深度１０～２０ｋｍ处）有弱衰减层，该层可能与壳内易震层有关．在地幔顶部普遍存在一个厚约７０ｋｍ的强衰减层（低Ｑ值层），其顶部埋藏深度约为８０ｋｍ．中朝准地台东部地区的基阶瑞雷波实测Ｑ_Ｒ平均值介于构造稳定区和构造活动区之间，而更趋近于构造活动区域． 相似文献
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永登5.8级地震和天祝—古浪5.4级地震前S波分裂特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用ＣＤＳＮ台网兰州数字台的记录和中法合作建立的朗索数字台的记录,研究了１９９５年７月２２日甘肃永登５．８级地震和１９９６年６月１日天祝－古浪５．４级地震前台剪切波分裂的特征。结果表明,在永登地震前大约１年的时间延迟和偏振方向很快恢复。因此,可以认为,此次地震前ＮＷ向,地震后剪切波分裂时间延迟和偏振方向很快恢复。因此,可以认为,此次地震前Ｓ波分裂方向的前兆特征是明显的。对于天祝－古浪５．４级地震, 相似文献
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讨论了小波分析在地壳垂直形变测量数据分析中应用的可能性,并采用基于样条函数的多分辨分析及其相应的B小波,推导了适合区域地壳垂直形变分析的平面二维小波计算公式．在此基础上,利用样条B小波计算了河西-祁连山地区1971～1995年的多期垂直形变观测资料,所得结果如下:①小波多分辨分解可有效地分离地壳垂直形变的不同空间波长成分,使我们更清晰地看清垂直形变在不同尺度上空间分布的不均匀性,是我们研究地壳垂直形变不均匀性与地震活动关系的一个有力工具;②河西地区地壳垂直运动的一阶、二阶小波分解结果主要与地质构造一致,说明了河西地区地壳垂直运动的短波主要是断层活动;③河西-祁连山地区地壳垂直运动的变化反映了该地区地质构造活动东南部较强烈,与1986年青海门源 6.4级、1990年甘肃景泰6.2级和1995年甘肃永登5.8级地震前河西地区地应力加强和地震活动有关,而西北部运动较弱,无中强以上地震发生． 相似文献
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In this paper, the changes in sediment transport over 51 years from 1955 to 2006 in the Kuye River in the Loess Plateau in China are assessed. Key factors affecting sediment yield and sediment transport, such as precipitation depth, discharge, and human activities are studied. To investigate the changes in sediment yield in this watershed, a trend analysis on sediment concentration, precipitation depth, and discharge is conducted. Precipitation depths at 2 Climate Stations （CSs）, as well as discharge and sediment transport at 3 Gauging Stations （GSs） are used to assess the features of sediment transport in the Kuye River. The rtmoff modulus （defined as the annual average discharge per unit area, L/（s·km^2）） and the sediment transport modulus （defined as the annual suspended sediment transport per unit area, t/（yr km^2）） are introduced in this study to assess the changes in runoff and sediment yield for this watershed. The results show that the highest average monthly discharge during the study period in the Kuye River is 66.23 m^3/s in August with an average monthly sediment concentration of 88.9 kg/m^3. However, the highest average monthly sediment concentration during the study period in the Kuye River is 125.34 kg/m^3 and occurs in July, which has an average discharge of 42.6 m^3/s that is much less than the average monthly discharge in August. It is found that both the runoff modulus and sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS on the Kuye River has a clear downward trend. During the summer season from July to August, the sediment transport modulus at Wenjiachuan GS is much higher than those at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs on the Yellow River. The easily erodible loess in the Kuye River watershed and the sparse vegetation are responsible for the extremely high sediment yield from the Kuye River watershed. The analyses of the grain size distribution of suspended load in the Kuye River are presented. The average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Kuye River is largest in February and then decreases until June. In July, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load approaches another peak and decreases until September. Then, the median grain size of suspended load starts to increase until February of the following year. However, the average monthly median grain size of suspended load in the Yellow River at Toudaoguai and Longmen GSs is the smallest between early summer and late fall The median grain size in the Yellow River starts to increase in November and approaches the largest size in January. 相似文献
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Observations of trace gases (SO2, NH3, NO2 and O3) were made during the period 1981 to 1984 at 6 different locations representative of urban industrial, urban, nonurban, thermal power plant and marine environment. Diurnal variations of the trace gases were studied in an urban environment. Except in the urban industrial environment, the concentration of NH3 was found in the range of background values. Also, the average concentrations of NO2 and O3 at the different environments were in the order of background values. However, the concentrations of SO2 were substantially higher by about 7 times, in urban industrial and thermal power plant environments. The diurnal variations of SO2, NH3 and NO2 showed anitphase relationship with surface temperature at the urban environment station which is relatively free of industrial pollution. Discussion is centred on trace gas variations in different environments in India together with the values reported for various countries in the world. 相似文献
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3He/4He ratios up to 3.5 times the ratio of atmospheric He were found in groundwater samples. The3He enrichment can be attributed to radiogenic3He produced by in-situ beta-decay of3H. This shows that tritiogenic3He is accumulating in confined waters. From tritiogenic3He and3H concentrations, ages of groundwaters can be calculated. Detection of tritiogenic3He gives a tool to trace a tritium contamination which occurred in the past and cannot be assessed only by the3H counting method. 相似文献
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Ingvar B. Fridleifsson 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1978,117(1-2):242-252
In an active spreading area like Iceland, where the regional geothermal gradient is in the range 50–150°C/km, it is normally not a problem to find high enough temperature with deep drilling, but the difficulties arise with finding permeable layers at depth within the strata. Various volcanological methods can be applied in the search for aquifers and geothermal reservoir rocks. The flow pattern (as deduced from deuterium studies) indicates that the thermal water flows preferentially along high porosity stratiform horizons and dyke swarms from the recharge areas in the highlands to the hot spring areas in the lowlands. The primary porosity of the volcanic strata is dependent on the chemical composition and the mode of eruption of the volcanic units. Both the reservoir rocks and the flow channels forming the geothermal plumbing system are thought to vary from the Tertiary to the Quaternary provinces due to environmental conditions at the eruptive sites. 相似文献
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The aim of this study is to estimate likely changes in flood indices under a future climate and to assess the uncertainty in these estimates for selected catchments in Poland. Precipitation and temperature time series from climate simulations from the EURO-CORDEX initiative for the periods 1971–2000, 2021–2050 and 2071–2100 following the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios have been used to produce hydrological simulations based on the HBV hydrological model. As the climate model outputs for Poland are highly biased, post processing in the form of bias correction was first performed so that the climate time series could be applied in hydrological simulations at a catchment-scale. The results indicate that bias correction significantly improves flow simulations and estimated flood indices based on comparisons with simulations from observed climate data for the control period. The estimated changes in the mean annual flood and in flood quantiles under a future climate indicate a large spread in the estimates both within and between the catchments. An ANOVA analysis was used to assess the relative contributions of the 2 emission scenarios, the 7 climate models and the 4 bias correction methods to the total spread in the projected changes in extreme river flow indices for each catchment. The analysis indicates that the differences between climate models generally make the largest contribution to the spread in the ensemble of the three factors considered. The results for bias corrected data show small differences between the four bias correction methods considered, and, in contrast with the results for uncorrected simulations, project increases in flood indices for most catchments under a future climate. 相似文献
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This paper briefly summarizes the works in the processing of strong ground motion data, the factors affecting strong ground motion, the modeling of strong ground motion and the calculating of broad-band response spectrum which have been done recent years by engineering seismologists and seismologists of China. In addition, we think back to the international cooperation in strong ground motion of the recent years and make some expectations for the future. 相似文献