共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Stephen Frenkel 《The Professional geographer》1994,46(3):289-295
Bioregionalism is a contemporary environmental movement containing deterministic ideas similar to those of geography's environmental determinism. This paper examines the theoretical and practical implications for bioregionalism based upon the experience of geography by identifying parallels between bioregionalism and environmental determinism in terms of both culture and politics. While not a latter day form of environmental determinism, bioregionalism deterministically links political culture and the environment. By comparing and contrasting environmental determinism with bioregionalism's deterministic tendencies, I identify certain contradictory ideas within bioregionalism. Among the most important contradictions occur when bioregionalists base moral judgements on a form of environmentalism, and when they advocate self determination while promoting environmentally determined lifeways. These ideas lie at the intersection of bioregionalism's social and ecological objectives—where the deterministic nature of bioregionalism is at odds with bioregionalism's decentralized, egalitarian philosophy. 相似文献
2.
系统总结了2000年以来英语世界人地关系研究在认识,方法和应用方面取得的进展,通过总体评价提出了以资我国人地关系研究借鉴之处。无论是在学科内还是在学科间的交流中,地理学人地关系研究传统依然保持着强劲的生命力,并赋予了新的时代内涵。在认识上,地理学环境研究的复兴与学科内的融合是实现统一地理学发展的桥梁,学科间的交叉拓宽了人地关系研究视野;在方法上表现为依托现代技术的方法综合,即在复杂系统科学的背景下,建构以关系思考为本的评价模型;在应用上以人地关系之人文关怀和对自然环境的尊重解决从全球到地方尺度的贫困和可持续发展等问题,并为其他学科提供了理论和技术支持。 相似文献
3.
传统农区生态修复中的经济补偿探讨——以日本佐渡岛为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
当前,生态修复和生态补偿的相关理论在发达国家较为盛行,也有许多值得借鉴的模式。本文以日本为研究对象,重点研究了在推行生态修复和生态补偿过程中的经验教训。基于长时间在日本佐渡岛上的实地调研和深度访谈,从微观的视角分析在各级政府积极推进朱鹮生息环境修复的背景下,以农户为主体的区域居民的意识和行为,揭示了区域环境整治和农户农业经营之间的矛盾。通过深入比较传统农业经营和环境友好型农业经营在经济效益上的差异,阐明了农户反对朱鹮野化放飞和生态修复的必然性。从而提出为了尽快扭转发展中国家区域间、群体间生态效益及相关经济效益分配不公平的局面,利用经济、社会政策以及法律手段,寻求切合区域实际、各具特色的生态补偿方式的重要性。 相似文献
4.
I. H. Burnley 《The Australian geographer》2003,34(3):267-280
This paper considers the likely future population in Australia to 2050 and is cast within the context of environmental limitations, to which Griffith Taylor alerted the nation in the 1920s and 1930s, and for which he was vilified in several quarters. While acknowledging the relative accuracy of his long-range forecasts, the arguments here depart from environmental determinism, although varying sets of environmental ethics and values are considered in relation to Australia's global responsibilities and international commitments. It is argued that an increase in population to 26 million by 2050 will not place severe stresses on the physical environment, provided environmental and resource management strategies are put firmly in place, and if consumption and resource use practices are significantly modified. An ideological linkage exists between a resurgent Australian nationalism and a number of environmental perspectives, but one which rejects growth and biological diversity among humans while embracing environmentalism. This inward-looking nationalism–environmentalism is seen as harmful both to Australia's moral integrity as a nation, and in local and world citizenship. 相似文献
5.
20世纪90年代以来小城镇环境研究进展 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
小城镇环境问题已成为国内外小城镇研究的新热点。小城镇环境研究对于中国建设和谐社会和社会主义新农村具有重要的意义。本文从国外和国内两方面宏观视角,回顾了20世纪90年代以来小城镇环境研究进展,评述了国内外小城镇环境研究的最新动态和热点。国外学者对小城镇的环境污染种类、工业化与环境、环境规划、环境管理政策、人居环境等研究成果居多。对于中国小城镇环境规划和管理政策的制定具有较好的借鉴意义。国内学者在小城镇人居环境与空间分布特征、可持续发展评价、环境规划、生态小城镇建设、环境污染特征和类型、乡镇企业污染、小城镇与环境相互作用机理等共性问题方面研究取得了较大进展。但国内外小城镇环境研究仍存在许多不足。综合国外最新研究动态和中国小城镇环境研究进展,文章提出了中国小城镇环境研究的方向和重点。 相似文献
6.
Leonard Guelke 《The Professional geographer》1989,41(2):123-130
The discipline of geography needs a more clearly defined academic purpose if it is to retain and enhance its position as an essential university subject. The discipline lacks the intellectual coherence it once achieved on the basis of environmental determinism. Geographers could re-establish a coherent intellectual foundation for geography by adopting a historical-intellectual mode of enquiry focusing on human thought and ideas and re-emphasizing the central importance of the human-environment relationship as the foundation of the discipline. An understanding of human activity in the environment in relation to ideas could provide a clearer focus for the discipline of geography and give it a stronger intellectual identity. 相似文献
7.
David R Dodman 《Area》2003,35(3):293-304
This paper reports the results of an autophotographic study carried out in Kingston, Jamaica. Cameras were distributed to high school students from different social backgrounds in order for them to record their own impressions and interpretations of the urban environment. This combination of an unusual methodology with a high level of youth participation provides a unique insight into the human–environment interactions taking place in the city, and reveals a variety of information about the ways in which social class, age and gender influence perceptions of and relationships with the urban environment. 相似文献
8.
BRIAN H KING 《The Geographical journal》2007,173(1):13-25
This paper examines social, political and economic processes within the former KaNgwane bantustan to understand the changing relationships between society and space in the post-apartheid era. Research on rural development and reconstruction in South Africa attest to the spatial legacy of apartheid while suggesting that dynamic transformations are occurring within the former bantustans. A central concern of this paper is the ways the apartheid government constructed and presented KaNgwane as a development project in order to justify racial segregation and control. While the bantustans have been effectively erased from the popular imagination, these spaces continue to be framed developmentally in ways that provide limited attention to local context and change. In order to consider the shifts in environment and development discourses within these territories, a case study is employed to evaluate livelihood production systems, environmental change, and governance institutions. It is argued that these patterns reveal the simultaneously static and dynamic nature of the bantustans while demonstrating that their reincorporation will remain an ongoing process in the post-apartheid era. 相似文献
9.
Nina Kyllingstad Jan Ole Rypestøl 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2019,73(1):29-38
ABSTRACTDue to increased attention on environmental issues, industrial sustainable restructuring is high on the research agenda. The article adds to the literature through an analysis of a restructuring process within a Norwegian process industry cluster. By introducing an analytical framework combining the concepts of entrepreneurial discovery process and path dependency theory, the article offers a deeper understanding of the role of various types of actors in processes of restructuring. The authors categorise the actors as either firm-level entrepreneurs or system-level entrepreneurs on the basis of their motivation. While the former are motivated mainly by firm success, the latter find their motivation mainly in developing systemic factors. The analytical framework suggests a stepwise analysis of the restructuring, and in each step, the significance and interplay between the two types of entrepreneurs are discussed. Finally, the authors discuss the potential for new path development following from this process. The case study illustrates the important role of system-level entrepreneurs as facilitators and of firm-level entrepreneurs as utilisers of opportunities. The empirical case demonstrates that the two types of entrepreneurs are highly interactive throughout the restructuring process. The article contributes to existing literature by advancing the actor perspective in new path development. 相似文献
10.
武陵源风景区环境质量评估 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14
武陵源风景区较突出的环境问题主要表现在大气环境质量降低、水质恶化、生物多样性受到威胁等问题。本文在实地调查和与专家访谈的基础上设计函调问卷 ,通过对函调问卷的综合分析 ,构建武陵源旅游区生态环境质量评价模型 ,对旅游区的旅游环境质量做出了评判。研究发现 ,尽管从总体上看 ,武陵源风景区自然生态环境、社会文化环境与旅游资源环境比较优越 ,但从评估的结果看 ,由于武陵源旅游区前期的开发力度过大 ,某些地方的无序开发已经导致了一系列的环境问题。有鉴于此 ,本文提出了武陵源风景区环境管理的具体建议。 相似文献
11.
Robert Fagan 《The Australian geographer》1995,26(1):1-10
Intersections between economy, culture and environment pose exciting future challenges for human geography. Part of Griffith Taylor's pioneering role as a geographer was to investigate relationships between these three aspects of human life, although his agenda was that of environmental determinism. This paper considers these intersections as they relate to contemporary geographical studies of restructuring, in particular the emergence of a genuinely global economic system since about 1980. Recent developments in cultural geography argue that geographical analysis of restructuring has been dominated by an economic determinism which has buried other stories which could be told about industrial change. The paper sketches lines of possible dialogue between economic geography and cultural studies, illustrating the argument with examples from restructuring in the Australian food industry. In opening such a dialogue, economic geography would be better placed to return to interactions between economy, culture and environment. In his day, Taylor was not afraid to upset the conventional wisdom about these relationships and this may be one of his most enduring legacies. 相似文献
12.
环境剥夺与环境补偿探讨 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
目前,国内外环境保护研究与实践,普遍存在环境至上论倾向,忽略了环境保护区居民的传统权利,出现假借环境保护剥夺环境对当地居民生产生活的传统支持作用,致使他们的发展受到限制。对此,应该引进环境补偿制度,投资生态环境重建的同时,承认环境保护区居民具有的主体优先发展权利,对环境保护区居民因环境保护而开发环境资源的传统权利受到约束给予补偿,实现可持续发展战略中的公平原则与发展原则的统一。 相似文献
13.
关于地理环境的理解和运用问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
管文 《云南地理环境研究》1991,3(1):58-65
本文借助语言、逻辑知识,从“偏正结构”、“相关词义”、“派生概念”三方面,阐明了地理环境的确切含义和实际运用问题。笔者在分析、探讨地理环境问题时,提出了一些与当今辞书和重要著述相悖的定义。作者认为,长期以来,围绕地理环境及其派生概念“决定论”所开展的一切无端之争,除立场、观点和历史局限外,无不与下列问题的认识、理解不一有关:关于历史与现代决定论问题;关于决定与决定论问题;关于内外环境决定论问题。 相似文献
14.
Representing environments in flux: case studies from East Africa 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The dominant view in the ecology and anthropology of the 1950s saw populations harmoniously interacting in self-regulating systems; climax forests and stable societies were the ruling hypotheses. Now, however, ecology and social sciences are investigating nature and culture in flux. The flux paradigms of nature and culture describe a human–ecological relationship that is non-equilibrial, historically contingent and constantly negotiated at both material and ideological levels by unequal actors. In this paper, we examine the effect of changing ecological and cultural paradigms on interpretations of environmental change in three areas of East Africa: the North Pare Mountains, Tanzania, the Mkomazi Game Reserve, Tanzania and the Tsavo National Park, Kenya. We explore how discursive and materialist approaches can complement one another, by expanding the domains of ecological inquiry and demanding that analysts cross-check their data for unquestioned assumptions regarding stability, variability and spatial and temporal scales. Rather than testing a ruling hypothesis, we suggest that ecologists and social scientists work with multiple hypotheses, with the aim of understanding the interplay between ecological, environmental and social influences. 相似文献
15.
区域可持续发展中的环境伦理问题 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9
全世界面临着人口、资源、环境和发展等一系列问题和严重挑战。当前要实施全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观,贯穿其中的主线是树立正确的环境伦理意识,协调处理好人与自然的关系,促进区域可持续发展。人类是地球自然界的一部分,只有以全球整体利益为出发点处理环境与发展问题,才有较大的安全性和包容性。应当以尊重自然及其内在价值为基础来规范人类的实践活动,构建新时代的文明发展模式。环境伦理与可持续发展观在形成和社会功能上有密切的联系。要实施可持续发展战略,必须十分重视环境伦理的研究、教育和实践。实现人与自然和谐的可持续发展是政府和社会公众的共同责任。环境伦理在区域可持续发展中涉及的应用领域很广,要重视地球系统科学知识的宣传普及,提高公民和决策者的环境意识与可持续发展的伦理观念。 相似文献
16.
JAMES M. BLAUT 《Geographical review》1999,89(3):391-408
ABSTRACT. Environmental determinism has served to validate a Eurocentric world history for several centuries, and it continues to do so today. This essay looks briefly at the historical marriage between environmental determinism and Eurocentric history, then develops a detailed critique of the environmental determinism put forward in two recent world-history books: Jared Diamond's Guns, Germs, and Steel (1997) and David Landes's The Wealth and Poverty of Nations (1998). 相似文献
17.
中国城市化过程中生态环境研究的文献计量分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
中国城市化过程中生态环境研究成果丰富,总结其演变过程利于把握该领域现状与趋势。本文从城市化文献视角对中国城市化过程中的生态环境研究在研究成果、研究子领域、研究主题、理论和方法等方面进行总结。结果表明,从2005年起中国城市化文献中关于生态环境的研究呈加速增长的态势;资源领域的国土资源和产业子领域,生态领域内经济子领域和环境领域内气候和城市环境子领域受到了较多的关注;＂土地利用＂和＂热岛效应＂一直是最热的关键词,分别占全部关键词出现频次的0.15%和0.09%,＂热岛效应＂和＂气候变化＂则是近期热点;主要理论涉及生态学、数理模型、资源与环境经济学、环境科学等,其中生态足迹理论从2002年起一直占据主流,STIRPAT模型、环境库兹涅茨曲线等综合理论模型是近期热点理论;依方法来源和主要应用领域将1992-2011年主要方法分为4类,即统计类（65.17%）、系统类（13.11%）、机理类（11.79%）和测评类（9.93%）。灰色系统分析和R/S分析近年来常见的方法。由此得出主要结论：中国城市化研究对城市土地利用、城市热岛、气候变化和水资源等大尺度的生态环境问题更加重视,对城市环境健康等微观尺度生态环境问题关注相对不足;以STIRPAT和多种土地利用变化模型为代表,综合自然和经济理论采用系统建模方法评价和模拟城市化过程中的生态环境效应将是未来研究的重点。 相似文献
18.
黄土高原生态脆弱贫困区生态经济发展模式研究——以甘肃省定西地区为例 总被引：20，自引：4，他引：16
本文对黄土高原丘陵沟壑区定西地区生态脆弱与贫困的双重矛盾进行了定性与定量相结合的分析,研究表明定西地区“脆弱-贫困”恶性循环是自然与人文要素长期作用的结果,近几十年又以人为因素的作用为主。在总结定西地区解放以来一手抓生态环境建设,一手抓扶贫攻坚,整体解决温饱的成功经验基础上,提出了黄土高原生态脆弱的贫困地区生态经济发展模式;实践证明,生态经济发展模式是黄土高原生态脆弱的贫困地区打破“脆弱-贫困”恶性循环,实现可持续发展的必由之路 相似文献
19.
20.
Kay Anderson 《The Australian geographer》2005,36(3):267-282
This account sets itself against the binarism of physical versus cultural determinism that drives population–environment debate over people's place on the Australian continent. In reading back into colonial times, it evokes ‘our’ unresolved sense of relation to nature on a continent that has pressed awkward buttons since the time the botanist on Cook's Endeavour, Joseph Banks, first mused over the apparent contradiction on the east coast of human presence and uncultivated land. Australia's ‘state of nature’, including its inhabitants, elicited tensions in Anglo-Celtic peoples’ ambiguous relation with nature that have never gone away or been resolved. Indeed, I argue, against the background of what was considered in eighteenth-century Enlightenment thought to be a distinctly human separation from, and capacity to rise above, nature, that the Australian state of nature/native precipitated a crisis in prevailing ideas of ‘the human’. As consternation grew into the nineteenth century about the very capacity of Aboriginal people for improvement, and particularly for cultivation, I argue they challenged the basis upon which the unity of humankind had been assumed in Enlightenment thought. They could not be comprehended, according to the prevailing conception of racial difference, as a mere variety of the human. The radical idea of innate human difference may thus be understood as arising out of this incomprehension, as an attempt to account for the ontologically inexplicable difference of the Australian Aborigine. This lecture's excursion into the origins of ‘race’ is by way of highlighting the uncertainty of the divide between the human and non-human worlds. Imagining an entangled world of living things may help to craft fresh lines of debate about modes of environmental belonging and becoming on this continent that overcome the stale binaries and blind spots of Australia's population–environment debate. 相似文献