共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
长江口外海域沉积物中有机物的来源及分布 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
通过分析长江口外海域不同区域有机碳和氮的分布特征及其影响因素,了解了底部沉 积物中有机碳和氮同位素的生物地球化学特征,探讨二者对长江口外海域底部沉积物中有机 物来源的指示意义。运用质量混合模型,计算了长江输入的陆源有机物的贡献及其空间变化。结果表明,长江口外海域沉积物中TOC 和TN 的分布和东海陆架的环流体系有着密切关系, 与环流的分布相对应,如果大致沿31oN 和123oE 作为分界线, 整个研究区的TOC 和TN 的分布可划分为4 个具有不同分布特征的区域。TOC、TN、δ13C 和δ15N 分别与沉积物的平均粒 径呈线性相关关系,因此,粒度效应是控制长江口外海域沉积物中有机物分布和稳定同位素 碳、氮的一个重要因素。研究区内的C/N 比值能够在一定程度上体现有机物的来源信息,但δ15N 表现出了与C/N 和δ13C 不同的区域分布和变化特征。陆源有机物来源比重较高的区域与 长江口外海域赤潮突发频率最高的地区相对应。长江口附近沉积物中的陆源有机物来源最高, 超过了50%,且等值线呈舌状向东北方向凸出,表明了长江冲淡水的影响。陆源颗粒态有机物沉海底后,要不断经历早期成岩作用和生物作用,因此在在相同地点,陆源有机物对沉积物中有机物的贡献,要明显小于对悬浮颗粒态有机物的贡献。 相似文献
2.
土壤碳循环研究进展及干旱区土壤碳循环研究展望 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
土壤碳库动态及其驱动机制是陆地生态系统碳循环与全球变化研究的热点问题之一。随着各国对《京都议定书》的重视,农业土壤碳库变化及其源汇效应研究不断加强,但以往研究土壤碳循环主要是针对有机碳,较少考虑无机碳的作用和地位,干旱区土壤无机碳储量巨大,其在区域碳循环过程中的贡献日益显著,这使得干旱区土壤碳循环研究必须同时考虑土壤有机碳和无机碳的行为。国内外关于农业土壤有机碳动态的研究主要围绕农业土壤有机碳储量、固碳潜力等问题展开,研究区多为湿润、半湿润地区;国际上对农业土壤无机碳动态的研究主要集中在干旱区土地管理措施对土壤发生性碳酸盐碳的形成与转化方面,研究方法以稳定同位素技术为主,但目前关于中国干旱区农业土壤无机碳动态的研究还较为薄弱。因此,应加强干旱区绿洲土壤碳循环研究,深入分析干旱区绿洲土壤碳的源/汇效应;探讨土壤无机碳动态变化的机理。 相似文献
3.
研究以青藏高原阿翁错和托素湖湖泊沉积物为研究对象,通过多指标(总有机碳含量、有机碳同位素和有机碳埋藏速率等)综合分析,重建不同补给类型湖泊的生产力变化及碳循环过程。结果显示：全球变暖对不同类型湖泊的生产力的影响存在显著差异。在以降水和冰川融水为主要补给源的阿翁错,全球变暖造成冰川融水补给增加。当指示冰川融水补给量变化的δ18Ocarb值逐渐偏负时,湖泊沉积物TOC含量逐渐升高;指示冰川融水输入造成湖泊面积持续扩张,营养物质增加,湖泊生产力提高;当湖泊面积扩张较快,即冰川融水在短时间内快速输入时,TOC含量下降,可能是由于当冰川融水输入过多,造成湖水温度下降过快时,底栖藻类生产力下降,进而湖泊固碳能力下降。对于受人类活动影响的托素湖,全球变暖对湖泊水文过程及生产力的影响较小,δ18Ocarb值变化主要受控于农业灌溉活动引起的湖泊补给水量的变化。当δ18Ocarb值升高时,TOC含量增加;推测是由于农业灌溉耗水量增加导致湖泊补给水量减少,湖泊水位下降,湖泊底部... 相似文献
4.
在对云南抚仙湖、星云湖和洱海3个高原湖怕进行地球化学和湖沼学调查，确定湖水中微粒的溶解浓度和化学成分，对沉降质和沉积物进行分析的基础上，对这些湖泊的化学动态变化进行了讨论。 相似文献
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6.
深层土壤有机碳的来源、特征与稳定性 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
深层土壤有机碳占土壤剖面总有机碳的一半以上．最近发现表层和深层土壤有机碳动态及其调控因素并不相同,这对准确评估土壤固碳潜力具有重要影响．深层土壤有机碳主要来源午根系、根系分泌物、可溶性有机碳、土壤微生物及生物扰动作用,这些来源的相对重要性可能取决于气候、土壤、植被类型和土地利用方式;与表层土壤相比,深层土壤有机碳一般具有较高的稳定性同位素C／N、平均驻留时间长、矿化速率低和高稳定性．深层土壤有机碳的生物化学稳定性、化学稳定性和物理保护三种稳定性机制的相对贡献并不清楚．未来应加强环境变化和人类干扰对深层土壤有机碳动态及稳定性影响的研究． 相似文献
7.
小叶章湿地土壤酶活性分布特征及其与活性有机碳表征指标的关系 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
选取三江平原小叶章（Calamagrostis angustifolia）沼泽湿地,研究了沼泽湿地土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性及土壤活性有机碳表征指标（土壤微生物量碳MBC,微生物量氮MBN、溶解有机碳DOC）在近表土层（0～30cm）的分布特征,及其内在相关性,探讨酶活性与土壤活性有机碳库的关系。结果表明：表层土壤的酶活性和活性有机碳表征指标含量最高,随着土壤深度增加,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性及MBC、MBN、DOC均显著降低。经相关分析表明,土壤酶活性与土壤活性有机碳表征指标间呈极显著正相关关系,其中蔗糖酶与MBC、DOC相关系数最高,过氧化氢酶活性与MBN的相关系数最高。表明不同土壤酶对湿地土壤活性碳表征指标转化循环的贡献不同,土壤酶活性对土壤活性有机碳库有显著的影响,以蔗糖酶对活性有机碳库影响最为显著。 相似文献
8.
世界泥炭地有机碳储量和有机碳密度 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
泥炭地是全球重要的有机碳库,在全球碳循环和气候变化中起着重要作用。在已有的对全球和各大洲泥炭地面积和泥炭储量估算结果的基础上,结合有机碳含量的数据,估算世界、各大洲和主要国家的泥炭地有机碳储量,得到如下结果:世界泥炭地有机碳储量为2 381.34×108t。各大洲泥炭地有机碳储量分布不均,北美洲最为丰富,储量为1 098.64×108t,占总储量的46.14%;其次是欧洲和亚洲,分别占总储量的27.41%和22.89%。由于各国对泥炭地的界定不一致,缺乏泥炭层厚度、泥炭容重等重要指标的基础数据,或者由于这些指标统计核算的口径不同,导致很难对泥炭地有机碳储量进行准确估算。最后分析了影响泥炭地有机碳储量动态变化的主要影响因素,以期为泥炭资源可持续利用和保护泥炭地碳储存功能提供科学依据。 相似文献
9.
《中国地理与资源文摘》2005,(3)
湖泊学P343.32005031998增强的UV-B对湖泊生态系统的影响研究=Effectsofin creasedUV Bradiationonaquaticecosystemsinlakes/张运林,秦伯强…∥地球科学进展.—2005,20(1).—106～112综述了国外在UV-B对湖泊生态系统影响的研究现状与动态,增强的UV-B在湖泊中呈指数衰减,不同湖泊衰减系数变化很大;光衰减系数与溶解性有机碳、有色可溶性有机物一般呈显著性正相关;增强的UV-B对浮游植物、浮游细菌、浮游动物及鱼类均有不同程度的影响;由于不同生物具有不同适应UV-B伤害的机制,湖泊生态系统的结构和功能也势必会发生变化.图1参60(洪明… 相似文献
10.
皖江自然湿地土壤碳密度及其开垦为农田后的变化 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
于2005年分别采集了安徽沿江4个淡水湖泊的自然湿地及其周边围垦农田的代表性土壤剖面样品,测定了总有机碳含量,讨论了天然淡水湿地有机碳密度与深度分布特征及其开垦为农田后的变化。结果显示,湿地表层（0～30cm）和全剖面（0～100cm）中的碳密度分别为42．5～57．4t／hm^2和81．5～91．6t／hm^2;而农田则分别为22．4～48．4t／hm^2和41．4～76．5t／hm^2。湿地开垦为农田后,土壤表层和全剖面的土壤有机碳含量明显降低,且有机碳含量的变异性增大。表明湿地开垦为农田后,其碳库失去稳定性。但是,开垦的旱地土壤的有机碳含量和碳密度显著低于开垦的稻田,故湿地开垦为旱地更不利于湿地碳库保护。因而,将湿地垦殖为水田是相对较有利于湿地碳库保护的人为土地利用方式。湿地开垦的碳库损失可能是土壤的大气CO2源效应的主要途径。 相似文献
11.
两个相连湖泊的微生态系统——云南高原湖泊中浅水的星云湖和深水的抚仙湖研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
抚仙湖是中国云南省的一个深水湖，连接着富营养化的浅水湖－－星云湖，星云湖排放含绿藻的水进入抚仙湖。两湖位于省会昆明附近，由于地方文化、集约化农业、以及旅游业的发展，两湖已经富营养化。因为湖泊体积容量的级别差异，深水湖的富营养化几乎没被注意，抚仙湖秋季下层滞水带缺氧已经关注了20年，似乎下层滞水带是深水湖富营养化的指标或趋势。抚仙湖看起来目前情况尚好，可以说寡营养，然而，外界负荷是潜在的，且是以稳定的加速度进行的。在此对浅水湖富营养化的原因进行了讨论，包括在其它云南湖泊观察到富营养化的过程，再者，对两个连相湖的藻和蓝藻碎片的大小构成进行比照。为了与深水的抚仙湖状况进行比较，简略介绍了一个日本的深湖及其径流系统。其中，涡流和它的微生态系统，在两者中相关性很好。对于以涡流生态系统的见解判断微生态系统的深水湖富营养化问题将给予概括。 相似文献
12.
抚仙湖-星云湖出流改道工程环境影响分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
抚仙湖、星云湖综合治理出流改道工程旨在“保护抚仙湖、改善星云湖、不影响东风水库水质”，不仅涉及到玉溪市饮用水源的保护和城市水源的长远发展规划，还涉及到东风水库、曲江和海口河至南盘江及其沿岸城市引水工程的防洪度汛，及两湖一库（抚仙湖、星云湖、东风水库）流域的生物多样性保护和自然生态环境保护。因此，工程实施前对工程的主要生态环境影响进行全面的分析非常必要。对工程所涉及到的抚仙湖、星云湖和东风水库的水质、生态效应、生物交流以及流域内的相关用水工程的影响作较为全面的分析，旨在为工程的进一步实施提供决策参考。 相似文献
13.
云南高原典型湖泊现代过程及环境演变研究进展 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
对云南省境内从南到北、由低至高分布的7个典型湖泊进行钻探取样,共钻取岩芯140m,同时对部分湖泊采集了表泥样品。对湖区古湖岸阶地、层状地貌和相关地层考察研究表明:主要存在着2～3次明显的高湖岸,高湖岸已受构造作用的强烈影响发生变形;杞麓湖、拉市海、文海等分布着高于落水洞时代很新的多层贝壳层,蛇山组沉积结束于末次冰期晚期及其它相关证据说明,该区现代水系可能是最近几万年才最终形成。 相似文献
14.
Matthew J. Wooller Joshua Kurek Benjamin V. Gaglioti Les C. Cwynar Nancy Bigelow Joshua D. Reuther Carol Gelvin-Reymiller John P. Smol 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2012,48(1):83-99
Wetlands and lakes in the Tanana Valley, Alaska, have provided important resources for prehistoric humans who inhabited this region. We examine an ~11,200?cal?yr BP record of environmental and paleolimnological changes from Quartz Lake in the middle Tanana Valley. Our data are also presented in the context of recent archaeological findings in the lake??s general vicinity that have 18 associated AMS 14C dates. We analyzed the stable-carbon and nitrogen isotope composition of total organic matter from the core, coupled with oxygen and carbon isotope analyses of Pisidiidae shells (fingernail clams), in addition to chironomid assemblage changes. Lacustrine sediments began to accumulate at ~11,200?cal?yr BP. Initially, autochthonous production was low and allochthonous organic input was negligible between 11,000 and 10,500?cal?yr BP, and were associated with relatively cool conditions at Quartz Lake at ~10,700?cal?yr BP. After 10,500?cal?yr BP, autochthonous production was higher coincident with a shift to chironomid assemblages dominated by taxa associated with warmer summer climates. A decrease in ??13C values of total organic carbon (TOC) and organic content of the sediment between 9,000 and 4,000?cal?yr BP may indicate declining autochthonous primary production. This period ended with an abrupt (~7???) decrease in the ??18O values from Pisidiidae shells at ~3,000?cal?yr BP, which we hypothesize represented an episodic connection (flood) of the lake with flow from the nearby (~6?km) Tanana River. Our findings coincide with evidence for major flooding at other locations connected to the Tanana River and further afield in Alaska. From ~3,000?cal?yr BP Quartz Lake subsequently appeared to become a relatively closed system, as indicated by the ??18OPisidiidae and ??13CPisidiidae data that are positively correlated and generally higher, which also correlates with a shift to moderately higher abundances of littoral chironomids. The cause of the transition to closed-basin conditions may have been geomorphic rather than climatic. This evidence of a progressively stronger evaporative influence on the lake??s closed hydrology after ~3,000?cal?yr BP is consistent with our modern ??18O and ??D water data from Quartz Lake that plot along a regional evaporative line we base on isotopic measurements from other local lakes and rivers. 相似文献
15.
Kristiina Ehapalu Ilmar Tõnno Triin Reitalu Tiiu Alliksaar Merlin Liiv Rene Freiberg Peeter Nõges 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2017,57(1):81-93
Carbon storage in lakes can have huge implications for the global carbon cycle, as lakes annually accumulate up to one half the amount of organic carbon buried in marine sediments. Yet little is known of the effect of recent climate change on carbon storage in lakes. We analyzed century-scale time series of climate variables (precipitation, temperature, NAO winter index) and profiles of sediment characteristics in a dated sediment core from shallow, eutrophic Lake Võrtsjärv, south Estonia. We used path analysis to evaluate the effect of climate conditions on phytoplankton biomass in the lake and accumulation of organic and inorganic carbon in the sediment. Changes in winter and spring climate influenced the lake’s phytoplankton growth significantly. Carbon pathways in hard-water Lake Võrtsjärv were influenced by both hydrological (most significant in colder periods) and biogeochemical processes. Increased nutrient and water input to Lake Võrtsjärv, anticipated with projected climate warming, favours greater in-lake productivity, larger accumulation of inorganic carbon in sediments, and an increase in organic carbon mineralisation, which fuels atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions from the lake. 相似文献
16.
中国云南高原抚仙湖和星云湖水系氮和磷的分布状况和动态变化 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
2000年11月和2001年6月，通过深入细致的实地调查和分析所收集的样本，对抚仙湖和星云湖水系氮和磷的分布状况与动态变化进行了研究。星云湖的氮磷总量处在一个高浓度状态，并伴随着蓝藻水华的大爆发，而抚仙湖的氮磷总量浓度是星云湖的二十分之一到四十分之一。在雨季，抚仙湖的溶解磷和磷总量随着深度而增加，这暗示着下层滞水带对有机磷微粒活跃的降解作用以及由雨季地表径流增加而带来的大量的土壤矿石的沉积。在已测量和已发表资料的基础上，检查对星云湖和抚仙湖氮磷总量的预测。星云湖大部分外来的磷和氮从一个出口流出，但是估计进入抚仙湖97％的磷和25％的氮被埋藏在沉积物里。反硝化作用可能是抚仙湖中余留总氮耗损的原因。减少来自汇流区的总氮和总磷负荷是保护星云湖和抚仙湖所必不可少的。 相似文献
17.
Identification of the sources of organic matter in sedimentary records provides important paleolimnologic information. As the types and abundances of plant life in and around lakes change, the composition and amount of organic matter delivered to lake sediments changes. Despite the extensive early diagenetic losses of organic matter in general and of some of its important biomarker compounds in particular, bulk identifiers of organic matter sources appear to undergo minimal alteration after sedimentation. Age-related changes in the elemental, isotopic, and petrographic compositions of bulk sedimentary organic matter therefore preserve evidence of past environmental changes.We review different bulk organic matter proxies of climate change in tropical and temperate sedimentary records ranging in age from 10-500 ka. Times of wetter climate result in enhanced algal productivity in lakes as a consequence of greater wash-in of soil nutrients, and these periods are recorded as elevated Rock-Eval hydrogen indices, lowered organic C/N ratios, less negative organic 13C values, and increased organic carbon mass accumulation rates. Lowering of lake water levels, which typically depresses algal productivity, can also cause an apparent increase in organic carbon mass accumulation rates through suspension of sediments from lake margins and redeposition in deeper basins. Alternations between C3 and C4 watershed plants accompany climate changes such as glacial/interglacial transitions and wet/dry cycles, and these changes in land-plant types are evident in 13C values of organic matter in lake sediments. Changes in climate-driven hydrologic balances of lakes are recorded in D values of sedimentary organic matter. Visual microscopic examination of organic matter detritus is particularly useful in identifying changes in bulk organic matter delivery to lake sediments and therefore is important as an indicator of climate changes. 相似文献
18.
Alexander M. Heyng Christoph Mayr Andreas Lücke Bernd Striewski Stefan Wasteg?rd Holger Wissel 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2012,48(2):351-366
Maar lakes in the Auckland Volcanic Field are important high-resolution archives of Holocene environmental change in the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses were applied on bulk organic matter and the green alga Botryococcus from a sediment core from Lake Pupuke (Auckland, North Island, New Zealand) spanning the period since 7,165?cal.?year BP. The origin of organic matter was established using total-organic?Ccarbon-to-nitrogen ratios (TOC/TN) as well as organic carbon (??13COM) and nitrogen (??15N) isotope composition of potential modern sources. This approach demonstrated that the contribution of allochthonous organic matter to the lake sediment was negligible for most of the record. The sedimentary TOC/TN ratios that are higher than Redfield ratio (i.e. >7) are attributed to N-limiting conditions throughout the record. Variations of nitrogen and carbon isotopes during the last 7,165?years are interpreted as changes in the dominant processes in the lake. While epilimnetic primary productivity controlled isotope composition before 6,600?cal.?year BP, microbial processes, especially denitrification and methane oxidation, caused overall shifts of the ??15N and ??13C values since the Mid-Holocene. Comparisons with climate reconstructions from the Northern Island suggest that changes in the wind-induced lake overturn and a shift to more pronounced seasonality were the most likely causes for lake-internal changes since 6,600?cal.?year BP. 相似文献
19.
The carbon cycle and biogeochemical dynamics in lake sediments 总被引：30，自引：3，他引：27
Walter E. Dean 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1999,21(4):375-393
The concentrations of organic carbon (OC) and CaCO3 in lake sediments are often inversely related. This relation occurs in surface sediments from different locations in the same lake, surface sediments from different lakes, and with depth in Holocene sediments. Where data on accumulation rates are available, the relation holds for organic carbon and CaCO3 accumulation rates as well. An increase of several percent OC is accompanied by a decrease of several tens of percent CaCO3 indicating that the inverse relation is not due to simple dilution of one component by another. It appears from core data that once the OC concentration in the sediments becomes greater than about 12%, the CO2 produced by decomposition of that OC and production of organic acids lowers the pH of anoxic pore waters enough to dissolve any CaCO3 that reaches the sediment-water interface. In a lake with a seasonally anoxic hypolimnion, processes in the water column also can produce an inverse relation between OC and CaCO3 over time. If productivity of the lake increases, the rain rate of OC from the epilimnion increases. Biogenic removal of CO2 and accompanying increase in pH also may increase the production of CaCO3. However, the decomposition of organic matter in the hypolimnion will decrease the pH of the hypolimnion causing greater dissolution of CaCO3 and therefore a decrease in the rain rate of CaCO3 to the sediment-water interface. 相似文献