共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Ti-pillared Bentonite 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ti-pillared bentonite has been successfully prepared using a modified method that can induce the transformation of TiO2 pillar from amorphous to anatase phase at a low temperature （150℃）. The value of d0.01 =1.94 nm obtained by Ti-pillared bentonite is larger than that of corresponding raw clay （1.56 nm）. Due to large numbers of Ti-pillars formed, the Ti-pillared bentonite shows an excellent ability in adsorbing Rhodamine B （RB）. The photocatalytic activity and kinetic equation are investigated by decomposing RB solution under the UV irradiation. It is found that the Ti- pillared bentonite shows super photocatalytic activity for the degradation of RB solution compared with the untreated bentonite and pure TiO2, and the kinetic equation of the degradation of RB solution is a 1.5-oder equation. 相似文献
2.
Yu LIU Huanyan XU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):104-105
The sorption of aqueous cadmium on carbonate-hydroxyapatite （CHap） is a complicated non-homogeneous solid/water reaction, From kinetic point of view, it can be described by two stages： at the earlier stage, reaction rate is so fast that its kinetic course is intricate, and at the later stage, the rate of reaction becomes slow and the process of reaction accords with one order reaction kinetic equation. Experimental results show that the relationship between reaction rate constant kl and temperature T accords to Arrhenius Equation, and the activation energy of sorption （Ea） is 6.075 J/mol and frequency factor （A） is 220 s^-1. At the same time, reaction rate constant kl increases with decreasing Cd^2＋ initial concentration, on the contrary, with increasing pH and CHap dosage. 相似文献
3.
Origin and Distribution of Groundwater Chemical Fields of the Oilfield in the Songliao Basin, NE China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
JIN Aimin LOU Zhanghu ZHU Rong CAI Xiyuan GAO Ruiqi Department of Water Conservancy Ocean Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China Petrochemical Corporation Beijing Exploration Bureau CNPC Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(5):688-696
There are many factors affecting the chemical characteristics of groundwater in the forming process of groundwater chemical fields, such as freshening due to meteoric water leaching downwards, freshening due to mudstone compaction and water release, concentration due to infiltration and freshening due to dehydration of clay minerals. As a result, the groundwater chemical fields are characterized by lengthwise stages and planar selectivity. The former arouses vertical chemical zonality of groundwater. Five units could be identified downwards in the Songliao basin： （1） freshening zone due to downward-leaching meteoric water, （2） concentration zone due to evaporation near the ground surface, （3） freshening zone due to mudstone compaction and water release, and concentration zone due to compaction and infiltration, （4） freshening zone due to dehydration of clay minerals, and （5） filtration-concentration zone; whereas the latter determines the planar division of groundwater chemical fields： （1） the freshening area due to meteoric water, asymmetrically on the margin of the basin, （2） the freshening area due to mudstone compaction and water release in the central part of the basin, （3） the leaky area, which is a transitional zone, and （4） leakage-evaporation area, which is a concentration zone. In the direction of centrifugal flows caused by mudstone compaction in the depression area, the mineralization degree, concentrations of Na^＋ and Cl^-, and salinity coefficient （SC） increase, while concentrations of （CO3^2- ＋HCO3^-） and SO4^2-, metamorphism coefficient （MC） and desulfuration coefficient （DSC） decrease. However, all these parameters increase in the direction of gravity-induced centripetal flows. 相似文献
4.
Natalia A. Tchepkaia George A. Chelnokov 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):145-145
Obtained new data on major element contents, trace and REE concentrations of sedimentary bedrock and groundwaters in Lastochka spa, along with isotope data, allow solving the problem of origin and evolution of these groundwaters. In the Lastochka area, located in Primorye region （Far East of Russia）, two types of groundwater are found： groundwater （TDS 0.2-0.4 g/L, pH 7.3-7.5） with lower pCO2 levels and groundwater with higher dissolved mineral content （TDS 3.7-4.7 g/L, pH 5.8-6.4） and high pCO2 levels. Our studies proved that both types of groundwaters originated from meteoric water and water-sedimentary stratum interaction has played a main role in forming chemical composition of waters. The main gas composition in the high pCO2 groundwater is CO2, which may as high as 98% of the total amount of all gas. The pressure of CO2, calculated using the water analysis data is at about 0.6 bar, while one measured in the field could reach 2.6 bar. The pressure of CO2 in groundwater with low TDS is 10.2 bar. Our δ^13C data [δ^13C （gas）=-6.22 versus PDB] indicate that most of the ^13C in the free CO2 of Lastochka spa is of upper mantle origin. Sedimentary bedrock is mainly sandstone with a good permeability. Dominate minerals are K-feldspar, quartz and plagioclase and secondary minerals are calcite, limonite, cericite and kaolinite. Our results indicate that the role of mantle CO2 gas is crucial for highly mineralized groundwater. This type of groundwater evolved only during water-rock-gas interaction. Extreme dissolution of albite in the presence of CO2 gas leads to the formation of lower pH and drastic accretion TDS and Na content in high pCO2 water. The violent difference in the trace element concentration in waters is caused by more intensive weathering of primary minerals in the presence of CO2 gas. 相似文献
5.
Zhongliang WANG Congqiang LIU Zhaozhou ZHU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):171-171
Due to the unique chemical properties that are similar but still progressively change, the rare earth elements （REEs） are useful tracers of various geochemical processes in the lithosphere and hydrosphere. However, despite many studies of REE geochemistry in the ocean, the aqueous geochemistry of REEs in lake waters has been poorly documented. In the present study, two special karst lakes are chosen as case studies to investigate the distributions of dissolved REEs in lake water. Although the two lakes, Hongfeng and Aha, are both alkaline and have high pH from 7.9 to 8.7 and high carbonate concentrations, the Aha Lake has been more severely affected by acidic mining drainage with high Fe, Mn and SO42 concentrations. In the present study, the concentrations of dissolved rare-earth elements in lake waters were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The result shows that the concentrations of dissolved REEs in the studied alkaline karst lakes, as compared to the concentrations of REEs in seawater, are much lower than the other investigated terrestrial surface waters in previous studies. The key factor controlling dissolved REE distributions is pH value which is negatively correlated with REE concentrations. Due to high concentration of carbonate ion and alkaline character of water chemistry, the shale （PAAS） normalized patterns of dissolved REEs show marked HREE enrichment in all water samples. This is primarily the result of the preferential formation of stronger carbonate complexes with the HREEs. In alkaline or intermediate waters, REE-carbonate complexes are the dominant and typical species, which account for about more than 90% of the total dissolved REEs. 相似文献
6.
Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by modified fly ash 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Li LUO Liang LU Guoqiang WU Jianjun CHEN 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):129-129
Removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by modified fly ash was studied in batch model. The influences of the contact time, the initial F^- concentration, the dosage of fly ash, and the temperature on removal of F have been studied, respectively. It was found that fly ash modified with dilute HCl has the maximum adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solutions, and that the retention of fluoride ions by material was 85% or higher with initial 10 mg F^-/L. First-order kinetics was observed for the adsorption process, which follows the Langrnuir and Freundlich isotherms. The thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG0, ΔH0, ΔS0 were calculated from Langmuir constants. The positive value of ΔH0 （1.273 J/mol） confirms the endothermic nature of adsorption. 相似文献
7.
Shenggao CHENG Qi AN Jing HU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):29-29
Vanadium, improving mechanism and jointing capacity of steel products, is a kind of excellent additive during steel-making and its industry gets support from national industry policy. On account of shallow buried depth and low technique request of exploitation, there is much exploitation by local people lacking system management and technique guidance in area rich in vanadium since years ago, which damages regional environment dramatically. Accordingly, taking stone coal-vanadium as an example, the paper focuses on environment impact on water environment and eco-environment caused by exploitation in open air. Impact of exploitation on surface water mainly includes mining drainage and eluviated water of stock yard. According to civilian exploitation in the area, the rock suffers man-made disturbance, therefore, water quality indicators of mining drainage like heavy metal, permanganate, CI, SO4^2-, F are able to be analogies of ground water quantity in the region since the primary component of drainage is surrounding rock ground water. Water monitoring result of local well shows as follows： pH 6.68, SO4^2- 5.76 mg/L, F- 0.005 mg/L, Fe 0.025 mg/L, Mo 8.08 μg/L, Ni 5.91 μg/L, Co 0.61 μg/L, and all of them reach corresponding standard of water quality. Ground water turns into acid mine water by oxygenation after it discharges and with the help of sulfur the acid water contains nocuous elements which permeate in groundwater and surface water arousing pollution. The value of pH in the range of standard indicates that the acidification of mine water is relatively weak in the diggings. Eco-environment damage is another aspect that cannot be ignored, it acts as： （1） peeling work and establishment construction destroy landform; （2） stack of waste soil and rock occupies amounts of land; （3） various exploitation activities like vegetation peeling, landform change will enlarge the scope or enhance the intensity of soil erosion, which destroys eco-environment by leading water and soil loss; 相似文献
8.
Yuchun WANG Jun ZHU Congqiang LIU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):161-162
Damming is a common anthropogenic intervention along the course of rivers, which is defined as ＂artificial-lake effect＂, both in China and across the world. Today as many as 48000 dams and/or reservoirs are in operation in the Changjiang River （Yangtze River） drainage area, and more are being constructed. While damming is well known to affect riverbome nutrient loads, and thus the riverine ecosystems owing to removal of carbon fixation, and removal of particles in reservoir sediments, there is limited information on the detailed early diagenesis of sediments in reservoirs including the regeneration processes of nutrients deposited in sediments and exchange flux across the sediment-water interface, which is important for mass balance of riverbome nutrients. In the present study, two large-size reservoirs, Wujiangdu Reservoir （WJDR） and Dongfeng Reservoir （DFR）, located on the main steam of the Wujiang River and with uniformity hydrography and discrepancy biogeochemical activity （e. g. primary production）, were selected for a comparative study on the detailed processes of nutrient regeneration. Water, pore water and sediment were sampled from these two reservoirs and dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, NH4^＋, NO3^-, PO4^3-, dissolved silica （DSi） in the overlying water and pore water, and total organic matter in sediments were determined. The results of correlation analysis suggested that in these two reservoirs, processes of nutrient regeneration near the sediment-water interface were significantly different. As a result of rapid decomposition of algae-derived ＂labile＂ organic matter in upper sediments, nutrient regeneration processes and upward fluxes in WJDR are dramatically stronger than those of DFR. NH4^＋ upward flux from sediment in WJDR was about 17 times higher than that in DFR. PO4^3- flux in WJDR is about 13 times above that in DFR. DOC flux in WJDR is larger that in DFR by 5 times, and DSi by 1 time. 相似文献
9.
Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction in the Tazhong District,Tarim Basin,Northeast China: Evidence from Formation Water and Natural Gas Geochemistry 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
XIANG Caifu PANG Xiongqi WANG Jianzhong LI Qiming WANG Hongping ZHOU Changqian YANG Haijun 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(2):358-369
<正>Systematic analyses of the formation water and natural gas geochemistry in the Central Uplift of the Tarim Basin(CUTB) show that gas invasion at the late stage is accompanied by an increase of the contents of H_2S and CO_2 in natural gas,by the forming of the high total dissolved solids formation water,by an increase of the content of HCO_3~-,relative to Cl~-,by an increase of the 2nd family ions(Ca~(2+),Mg~(2+),Sr~(2+) and Ba~(2+)) and by a decrease of the content of SO_4~(2-),relative to Cl~-.The above phenomena can be explained only by way of thermochemical sulfate reduction(TSR).TSR often occurs in the transition zone of oil and water and is often described in the following reaction formula:ΣCH+CaSO_4+H-_2O→H_2S+CO_2+CaCO_3.(1) Dissolved SO_4~(2-) in the formation water is consumed in the above reaction,when H_2S and CO_2 are generated,resulting in a decrease of SO_4~(2-) in the formation water and an increase of both H_2S and CO_2 in the natural gas.If formation water exists, the generated CO_2 will go on reacting with the carbonate to form bicarbonate,which can be dissolved in the formation water,thus resulting in the enrichment of Ca~(2+) and HCO_3~-.The above reaction can be described by the following equation:CO_2+H_2O+CaCO_3→Ca~(2+)+2HCO_3~-.The stratigraphic temperatures of the Cambrian and lower Ordovician in CUTB exceeded 120℃,which is the minimum for TSR to occur.At the same time,dolomitization,which might be a direct result of TSR,has been found in both the Cambrian and the lower Ordovician.The above evidence indicates that TSR is in an active reaction,providing a novel way to reevaluate the exploration potentials of natural gas in this district. 相似文献
10.
《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):270-271
Rock weathering by carbonic acid is one of the important atmosphere CO2 sequestration. Actually, it depends on whether carbonic acid or other acids as weathering agents, which is important to understand the model of global carbon cycle. For example, sulfuric acid derived from oxidation of pyrite takes part in the rock weathering, which might counteract one part of CO2 drawdown by silicate weathering. In this study, chemicals and carbon isotopic composition of waters were determined in the Beipan River, Guizhou. The δ^13C values of dissolved inorganic carbon in the province, Southwest China. The values of the samples range from -13.1‰ to -2.4‰, which show a good negative correlation with the equivalent ratio of [HCO3]/（[Ca^2＋＋Mg^2＋]） and a good positive correlation with the equivalent ratio of [SO4^2-]/（[Ca^2＋＋Mg^2＋]） and [SO4^2-]/[HCO3^-]. The relationships suggest that sulfuric acid took part in carbonate weathering. Acid rain is thus a significant source of sulfuric acid to the karstic rivers of Guizhou Province. 相似文献
11.
磷灰石及其变体交换吸附阴离子的模式 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究磷灰石及其变体交换吸附阴离子的模式,可丰富矿物的阴离子交换吸附理论。本文采用静态振荡法及动态往交换法详细研究了磷灰石及其变体与F-、CO32-、OH-的离子交换性能。研究结果表明,磷灰石及其变体与含有F-、CO32-、OH-的溶液作用时,溶液中的阴离子可与它们结构中的阴离子发生交换作用;预先用适当浓度的H2SO4溶液浸泡磷灰石及其变体,伴随着固相中少量PO43-及Ca2 的化学溶蚀作用,SO42-可进入磷灰石及其变体的结构中。磷灰石及其变体中非PO43-阴离子（例如F-、CO32-、OH-、SO42－）的存在,是它们具有阴离子交换性能的根源所在,且随着这些阴离子含量的增加,其离子交换容量也相应增加。 相似文献
12.
非静水应力作用固体的化学位及其构造地球化学意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
非静水应力作用的含水岩石中的力学 -化学相互作用是构造地球化学研究的主要对象之一 ,非静水应力作用固体物质的化学位则是了解这种作用的关键。本文在总结前人有关成果的基础上 ,从理论上了提出了非静水应力作用固体岩石中固 -液界面上的固体物质的化学位的一般形式。在此基础上 ,根据 Onsager扩散方程和局部平衡假设 ,推导了固体物质在颗粒间流体中溶解浓度随固体岩石中应力场和应变能的时空变化关系的动力学方程。以此论证了在温度较低时 ,固体物质在颗粒间流体中的溶解的浓度的时间变化是受固体岩石中应力梯度和应变能梯度控制的 相似文献
13.
14.
利用多年冻土区湖相沉积物中埋藏植物稳定碳同位素组成重建大气CO2浓度 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：5
沉水植物碳同位素分馏同水中溶解无机碳浓度有一定的关系，因而可以通过青藏高原多年冻土区的湖相沉积物中埋藏沉水植物－－龙须眼子菜（Potamogeton pectinatus)植物屑的碳同位素组成重建该地大气CO2浓度的变化情形，研究结果表明，该地在9．17－6．77ka BP间，大气CO2浓度是整个研究时间段中最低的，其后在6．77－4．56ka BP时期大气CO2浓度增加，在4．56－2．17ka BP之间，大气CO2浓度是整个研究时间内CO2浓度最高的阶段，植物屑的碳同位素组成反映了溶解无机碳浓度的变化，从而可用以重建大气CO2浓度的变化情况。 相似文献
15.
An empirical model is developed to predict the dissolution rate of calcite in saline solutions that are saturated with respect to dissolved \(\hbox {CO}_2\) over a broad range of both subcritical and supercritical conditions. The focus is on determining the rate of calcite dissolution within a temperature range of 50–100 \(^\circ \hbox {C}\) and pressures up to 600 bar, relevant for \(\hbox {CO}_2\) sequestration in saline aquifers. A general reaction kinetic model is used that is based on the extension of the standard Arrhenius equation with an added, solubility-dependent, pH term to account for the saturated concentration of dissolved \(\hbox {CO}_2\). On the basis of this kinetic model, a new rate equation is obtained using multi-parameter, nonlinear regression of experimental data to determine the dissolution of calcite as a function of temperature, pressure and salinity. Different models for the activity coefficient of \(\hbox {CO}_2\) dissolved in saline solutions are accounted for. The new rate equation helps us obtain good agreement with experimental data, and it is applied to study the geochemically induced alterations of fracture geometry due to calcite dissolution. 相似文献
16.
岩溶水系统的水化学曲线及其在水文地质研究中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了认识水文地质条件与岩溶泉水化学之间的关系,以西南地区的6个典型岩溶水系统丫吉试验场S31号泉、毛村地下河、官村地下河、陈旗岩溶泉、青木关地下河以及金佛山水房泉为例进行研究。通过对比发现,在这些强烈非均质的山区裸露型岩溶水系统中,仪器能够实现自动化监测的电导率、温度和pH值等指标的水化学曲线存在差异。分析可知控制水化学变化的主要因素如下:首先是降雨补给引起系统的水量与碳酸盐岩溶解过程的变化;其次是CO2气体随降雨进入含水层,促进碳酸盐岩的溶解;最后是地表污染物的淋滤。当电导率、水温、pH曲线出现降低和碳酸盐岩矿物饱和指数下降时,反映的是岩溶水的稀释作用;当电导率曲线出现高峰时,反映的是岩溶水补给的CO2效应,此时水中二氧化碳分压(pCO2)升高;当场雨中水化学曲线的变化滞后于水文动态曲线时,反映的是岩溶管道的活塞流效应;与人类活动有关的NO3-等污染物质量浓度在降雨后出现高峰,反映土壤的降雨淋滤作用,并可能影响电导率的变化趋势。某个系统的水化学曲线趋向于经常出现某几种效应,并且彼此的类型不同,表明了降雨补给的面状渗流方式和集中灌入方式对岩溶水影响的强弱不同,以及系统在径流方式和调蓄机制上的差异。一般而言:以面状补给方式为主的系统,水化学曲线多表现为CO2效应,较少出现稀释作用;而岩溶发育强烈的系统,降雨补给受控于溶蚀裂隙和管道,其水化学曲线较多出现稀释作用,较少出现CO2效应;以管道为主要径流方式的系统易出现活塞流效应,而包气带厚度大和含水层储水能力强的系统水化学变化被减弱。 相似文献
17.
通过对北京东灵山草地和桦树林土壤气体CO2,N2O和CH4浓度及其排放通量的昼夜连续观测,探讨了生长季节草地和森林土壤温室气体昼夜变化及其环境影响因素。研究表明:1)土壤CO2排放通量昼高夜低,N2O排放通量有明显小时尺度波动,但昼夜变化不突出;土壤CO2和N2O浓度昼夜变化不明显,且与排放通量波动不一致;土壤是大气CH4的一个汇,相对厌氧的环境可能有利于土壤吸收CH4。2)无雨时气温昼夜变化通过影响土壤表层的气体扩散和CO2产生过程,来影响土壤CO2和N2O的地表排放通量,而对土壤10cm以下CO2和N2O的产生影响不大。小时尺度的土壤CO2和N2O浓度波动则可能还有其他影响因素或机制。3)降雨时土壤渗水引起的土壤空气对流取代气体浓度扩散成为土壤与大气空气交换的主要方式,导致土壤CO2和N2O排放通量的同步波动。降雨渗水较多时,较多的溶解氧随着雨水进入土壤内,会促进土壤CO2的生成和抑制N2O的产生。4)土壤CO2与N2O浓度存在显著的正相关关系,反映出土壤CO2和N2O有相对稳定的产率比。土壤有效碳可能是造成土壤CO2与N2O浓度正相关的主要原因,土壤空气的氧分压则可能是造成土壤CO2和N2O浓度波动不一致的重要因素。 相似文献
18.
水气混合洞塞泄流溶解氧输移扩散的数值计算 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究水气二相混合洞塞泄流欠饱和溶解氧输移扩散行为特性,揭示气体体积分数、进口溶解氧浓度、雷诺数等流动特征参数和洞塞尺寸等几何参数对溶解氧浓度恢复的影响规律,开展了水气二相混合洞塞泄流溶解氧输移扩散的室内模型试验,观测流速、压力和溶解氧浓度分布。建立了水气二相混合洞塞泄流溶解氧输移扩散数学模型,并利用物理模型试验数据对数学模型进行了验证。利用验证后的数学模型,分别计算不同进口气体体积分数、溶解氧浓度、雷诺数、洞塞长度和洞塞直径条件下水气二相混合洞塞泄流溶解氧浓度恢复情况。结果发现:气体体积分数越大,进口溶解氧浓度与饱和溶解氧浓度差值越大,雷诺数越小,溶解氧浓度增量越大;洞塞长度越长,洞塞直径越小,溶解氧浓度增量越大。 相似文献
19.
桂林漓江水体溶解无机碳迁移与水生光合碳固定研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
河流溶解无机碳含量昼夜变化主要受碳酸盐反向沉积、水生光合利用和脱气作用控制,被水生光合利用的溶解无机碳是岩溶碳汇的组成部分,脱气作用比例的大小是影响碳汇稳定性的决定因素。本文以漓江中游省里—冠岩之间15 km长河段为研究对象,开展昼夜高分辨率水化学自动化监测与高频取样,分析水生植物光合作用利用HCO3-1及相关钙沉降过程。结果表明,监测河段水生光合利用的无机碳转化通量为859 kgC?d-1,单位流程光合作用溶解无机碳转化量和钙沉降量分别为2.06 t?（d?km）-1和0.78 t?（d?km）-1。光合作用与钙沉降消耗DIC约占总转化量的70 %,以光合有机碳和CaCO3形式储存于河床,成为岩溶碳汇组成部分。无机碳转化量约占输入DIC总量的6.0 %（其中1.7%以CO2形式返回大气）,说明夏季低水位期间强烈的水生植物光合利用溶解无机碳,可有效遏制白天水气界面CO2脱气过程发生,低脱气比例证实漓江水体的溶解无机碳还是比较稳定的。 相似文献