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1.
松辽盆地地下水动力场的形成与演化控制了地下水化学场的形成与分布,地下水化学分布特征又反映地下水动力场的演化结果。在地下水化学场的形成过程中,影响沉积盆地地下水化学性质的因素较多,这些因素对地下水化学性质的影响作用在垂向上具有阶段性,在平面上具有选择性。前者导致地下水化学性质的垂直分带性,从浅到深可以划分出:1)大气水下渗淡化带,2)近地表蒸发浓缩带,3)泥岩压实排水淡化带(C1)—压滤浓缩带(C2),4)粘土矿物脱水淡化带和5)渗滤浓缩带等5种水化学剖面单元类型。后者决定了地下水化学场的平面分区性:1)盆地边缘为大气水下渗淡化区,2)盆地中央为泥岩压实排水淡化区,3)越流区为过渡区,4)越流-蒸发区为浓缩区。在泥岩压实排水形成的离心流方向上,矿化度、Na+浓度、Cl-浓度和盐化系数升高,(CO32-+HCO3-、SO42-浓度、钠氯系数(γNa+/γCl-)和脱硫系数(SO42-/SO42-+Cl-)降低。在大气水下渗向心流方向上,矿化度、离子浓度和钠氯系数、脱硫系数和盐化系数一致升高。 相似文献
2.
There are many factors affecting ungerground water chemistry of an oil-bearing sedimentary basin.The properties of underground water show variations in the vertical direction, giving rise to a vertical zonation with respect to underground water chemistry,Five zones could be divided downwards,including 1)The freshening zone due to meteoric water leaching (A):2)the evaporation-concentration zone near the surface(B);3) the freshening zone due to stratum compaction-released water(C1)-infiltration-concentration zone during the mudstone compaction and water releasing(C2);4) the freshening zone for clay mineral dehydration(D);and 5)the seepage-concentration zone(E).The hydrodynamic fields in the Songliao Basin are obviously asymmetrical,with the characteristics of gravity-induced centripetal flow recharged by meteoric water along the edge to the inner part of the basin mainly in its northern and eastern regions,centrifugal flow and crossformational flow in the center of the basin,as well as the cross-formation flow-evaporation discharge area in its southern area.Hydrodynamics controls the planar distribution of underground-water chemical fields;1)the freshening area due to penetrating meteoric water generally at the basin edges;2)the freshening area for mudstone compaction-released water at the center of the basin;3) the cross-formational area as the transitional aqrea;and 4)the concentration area by cross-formational flow and evaporation.The mineralization degree and the concentrations of Na^ and Cl^- and their salinity coefficeents tend to increase,while the concentrations of(CO3^2- HCO3^-) and SO4^2- and the metamorphism and desulfuration coefficients tend to decrease along the centrifugal flow direction caused by mudstone compaction in the depression area.But all of them tend to increase along the gravity-induced centripetal flow direction. 相似文献
3.
东营凹陷地下水动力场的形成与演化 总被引：10，自引：5，他引：10
沉积盆地地下水动力场的理想模式可以归纳为对称型和不对称型两种,其中局部地下水动力单元可以划分为泥岩压榨水离心流,大气水下渗向心流,越流、越流蒸发泄水和滞流4种类型。地下水动力场的演化具有旋回性,每个旋回可以分为两个阶段:盆地沉降沉积时期的泥岩压榨水离心流阶段和盆地抬升剥蚀时期的大气水下渗向心流阶段。随沉积盆地的形成与演化,水动力场也有形成、发展和消亡的过程。东营凹陷地下水动力场在平面上呈对称性:总体上大气水由凹陷边缘向凹陷中心渗入,凹陷内部各洼陷为压榨水形成的离心流区,凹陷边缘南部斜坡带和北部断阶带以及凹陷内部中央断裂带为越流泄水区。纵向上,局部水动力单元强度及演化规律与地层的埋藏深度有关。随着埋藏深度的增加,水动力单元强度逐渐减弱。 相似文献
4.
理想的沉积盆地地下水动力场模式可以归纳为对称型和不对称型两种，其中局部地下水动力单元可以划分为4种类型：①泥岩压榨水离心流；②大气水下渗向心流；③越流、越流－蒸发泄水；④滞留。地下水动力场演化具有旋回性，每个旋回可以分为两个阶段：①盆地沉降接受沉积时期的泥岩压榨水离心流阶段；②盆地抬升剥蚀阶段的大气水下渗向心流阶段。随着沉积盆地的形成与演化，水动力场也有形成、发展和消亡的过程。松辽盆地地下水动力场具有明显的不对称性：盆地北部和东部大气水不对称下渗形成向心流；中央坳陷区压榨水形成离心流和越流；盆地南部以越流－蒸发浓缩为特征。在纵向上地下水动力的强度具有分带性，由浅到深，可以划分出强、弱、停滞3个带。 相似文献
5.
6.
塔河油田奥陶系油藏开发动态与地层水化学特征响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
塔河油田是塔里木盆地第一个超亿吨级的大型油田,其主力油藏为奥陶系缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏.近年来,油田地层水的问题日益突出,严重影响了油田的开发和生产.阿克库勒凸起北部地质历史时期曾经发育间断性的大气水下渗-向心流,凸起南部斜坡区受到泥岩压实排水和粘土矿物脱水形成的离心流的影响,地层水受到一定程度的淡化.塔河油田主体部位处于越流泄水区,地层水具有明显的高矿化度和高K Na 、Cl-浓度,有利于油气聚集成藏.塔河油田奥陶系地层水动力场形成演化与油气运移、聚集密切相关.海西晚期、喜马拉雅期离心流强度大,是油气藏主要成藏期.早、晚海西运动、印支运动期间抬升剥蚀,遭受强烈的大气水下渗淋滤、生物降解,是油气藏主要破坏期.根据地层水赋存状态,区分出洞穴底部油气驱替残留水、洞穴周缘小缝洞系统驱替残留水、储层下部层间水3种不同类型.研究油井产出水矿化度、Cl-、K Na 浓度动态变化规律,总结出平稳型、起伏型、上升型和下降型4种动态类型.通过综合分析油井开发动态及油水产出特征,正确把握其变化过程,可以判断油井产水来源,从而为油田的稳油控水提供指导性建议. 相似文献
7.
The geochemical evolution of groundwater in the Ordovician-Cambrian aquifer system in the northern part of the Baltic Artesian Basin (BAB) illustrates how continental glaciations have influenced groundwater systems in proglacial areas. The aquifer system contains water that has originated from various end-members: recent meteoric water, glacial meltwater and relict Na-Cl brine. The saline formation water that occupied the aquifer system prior to the glacial meltwater intrusion has been diluted by meltwaters of advancing-retreating ice sheets. The diversity in the origin of groundwater in the aquifer system is illustrated by a wide variety in δ18O values that range from −11‰ to −22.5‰. These values are mostly depleted with respect to values found in modern precipitation in the area. The chemical and isotopic composition of groundwater has been influenced by mixing between waters originating from different end-members. In addition, the freshening of a previously saline water aquifer due to glacial meltwater intrusion has initiated various types of water-rock interaction (e.g. ion exchange, carbonate mineral dissolution). 相似文献
8.
陇东盆地西部处于鄂尔多斯盆地西缘逆冲推覆构造带，新元古-下古生界碳酸盐岩裸露或浅埋，构成-南北向展布的岩溶水富集带。通过运用构造控水分析、水化学同位素等方法，对岩溶裂隙水系统进行了深入的分析与讨论。指出本区岩溶水的空间分布明显受南北向逆冲推覆构造控制，储水空间以岩溶裂隙为主，构造条件是岩溶发育和岩溶水富集的主要制约因素。岩溶水化学特征具有明显的南北差异，在补给条件优越的中南部平凉-华亭地区，水化学主要由含水层岩性及其赋存条件决定。岩溶地下水以大气降水来源为主，对于埋藏型岩溶水表现为多源水混合而成。根据岩溶水的空间分布与水动力场特征及其补径排条件，全区可划分为平凉、华亭和环西3个相对独立的岩溶水系统．并以此可作为水资源评价的基础。这些认识对于深入了解西北干旱-半干旱地区岩溶水赋存及富集规律、形成与演化机理和在该区开发利用岩溶地下水资源具有重要的科学意义。 相似文献
9.
LI Mei LOU Zhanghu JIN Aimin ZHU Rong SHANG Changjian YE Ying ZHU Zhenhong 《《地质学报》英文版》2013,87(3):819-829
In order to understand the origin and flow of formation water and to evaluate the hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation conditions, the properties of formation water chemistry and dynamics of the Zhenwu area in the southern Gaoyou Sag, North Jiangsu Basin, China, have been investigated. The results show that Xuzhuang oilfield is infiltrated discontinuously by meteoric water under gravity, which consequently leads to the desalination of formation water. Formation water in the Zhenwu and Caozhuang oilfields is less influenced by meteoric water infiltration, and the origin is interpreted to be connate water. Hydrocarbon migration, accumulation and preservation are closely related to the hydrodynamic field of formation water. Formation water concentrates gradually during the process of centrifugal flow released by mudstone compaction and the centripetal flow of meteoric water infiltration, leading to the high salinity of the central part. The geological conditions of the southern fault-terrace belt are poor for hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation as meteoric water infiltration, leaching and oxidation, while the central part, i.e., northern Zhenwu and Caozhuang oilfields is beneficial for an abundance of hydrocarbon accumulation. Most of the large scale oil-gas fields locate herein. 相似文献
10.
利用包气带环境示踪剂评估张掖盆地降水入渗速率 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
降水入渗补给速率是干旱半干旱地区地下水资源评价和保护中的重要参数。长期以来在河西走廊中游盆地地下水资源评价中,一直认为地下水位埋深>5m的地带难以产生降水入渗补给。本文在黑河流域中游的张掖盆地分别选择沙丘区和裸地区,综合运用包气带同位素和水化学信息,开展了降水入渗补给研究。包气带氯质量平衡法结果表明:现代气候条件下,张掖盆地地下水位埋深>5m的地带仍存在降水入渗补给,在沙丘覆盖区,地下水位埋深6.3m时,降水入渗补给速率为13.3～14.4mm/a,入渗系数0.10～0.11;在裸地区,地下水位埋深8.6m时,降水入渗补给速率为16.8～18.4mm/a,入渗系数0.13～0.14。 相似文献
11.
介绍了３种地下水运动模型及相应的应用条件，并在吐 哈盆地进行了实际应用。把吐 哈盆地地下水活动划分为２个阶段，相应的油气有利聚集区分为４大类。认为在水动力条件活跃的地区，油气藏可能偏移构造高部位。另外还介绍了勘探此类油藏的ＵＶＺ法，以及在柳赞油田的应用实例，不仅预测了油藏的分布位置，还合理地解释了所谓“水洗层”现象 相似文献
12.
豫北平原地下水开发利用与水质演化规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过对豫北平原多年的地下水开发利用及浅层地下水水化学资料分析,发现原为咸水-微咸水的大部分地区浅层地下水已淡化,咸水-微咸水分布区已由大面积分布演变为孤岛状,淡水资源量大幅增加。浅层地下水水化学现状、地下水14C同位素、地下水动力场也提供了浅层地下水淡化的证据。 相似文献
13.
石羊河流域地下水化学环境演化特征研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
作者在系统研究石羊河流域地下水化学类型和演化特征的基础上,应用地球化学计算机模拟方法,模拟了研究区地下水中各元素存在的形式,方解石、白云石等矿物的饱和指数,进而判断了水岩作用的方向和程度,揭示了石羊河流域地下水化学环境演化机制。 相似文献
14.
Distribution of the Ordovician Fluid in the Tahe Oilfield and Dynamic Response of Cave System S48 to Exploitation 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The Tahe Oilfield is a complex petroleum reservoir of Ordovician carbonate formation and made up of spatially overlapping fracture-cavity units. The oilfield is controlled by a cave system resulting from structure-karst cyclic sedimentation. Due to significant heterogeneity of the reservoir, the distribution of oil and water is complicated. Horizontally, a fresh water zone due to meteoric water can be found in the north part of the Akekule uplift. A marginal freshening zone caused by water released from mudstone compaction is found at the bottom of the southern slope. Located in a crossformational flow discharge zone caused by centripetal and the centrifugal flows, the main part of the Tahe Oilfield, featuring high salinity and concentrations of CI^- and K^＋＋Na^＋, is favorable for accumulation of hydrocarbon. Three types of formation water in the Tahe Ordovician reservoir are identified： （1） residual water at the bottom of the cave after oil and gas displacement, （2） residual water in fractures/pores around the cave after oil and gas displacement, and （3） interlayer water below reservoirs. The cave system is the main reservoir space, which consists of the main cave, branch caves and depressions between caves. Taking Cave System S48 in the Ordovician reservoir as an example, the paper analyzes the fluid distribution and exploitation performance in the cave system. Owing to evaporation of groundwater during cross-formational flow, the central part of the main cave, where oil layers are thick and there is a high degree of displacement, is characterized by high salinity and Br^- concentration. With high potential and a long stable production period, most wells in the central part of the main cave have a long water-free oil production period. Even after water breakthrough, the water content has a slow or stepwise increase and the hydrochemistral characteristics of the produced water in the central part of the main cave are uniform. From the center to the edge of the main cave, displacement and enri 相似文献
15.
拒马源泉群作为拒马河的源头,受到了较多专家和学者的关注。但这些研究多集中在地下水的水化学、水位动态、泉流量等特征上,对地下水氢氧同位素特征的分析几乎没有,且对北海泉的成因解释多为粗略的定性概述。为了说明涞源北盆地地下水的氢氧同位素特征,详细揭示北海泉的形成模式,首次系统地采集了不同含水岩组的地下水样品,测定了水样的氢氧同位素组分。结果表明:样品点δD和δ18O值均落在区域大气降水线上或附近,大气降水是研究区地下水的主要补给来源;白云岩、灰岩含水岩组高程效应较明显,径流途径长,松散含水层径流途径短,受蒸发作用较强;白云岩、灰岩含水岩组和松散含水层氘盈余d值分别为6.0‰～11.6‰、4.2‰～11.2‰、3.8‰～8.0‰,较大气降水大部分偏小,表明岩溶水和松散孔隙水经历了不同的流动过程;白云岩、灰岩含水岩组从补给区向排泄区各自流动过程中,在小西庄、香炉屯村附近断裂带发生沟通混合,然后在向盆地中心径流过程中受断层阻水上升,上升过程中又接受了松散孔隙水的补给,最后在松散岩层中出露成泉,形成北海泉。在孔隙水混入前,两者的平均补给比例大约为48.4%～57.6%和42.4%～51.6%。 相似文献
16.
珠江口盆地白云凹陷地层压力演化与油气运移模拟 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
珠江口盆地位于中国南海北部, 是中国近海含油气盆地中一个重要的盆地.珠江口盆地勘探逐渐由浅水区向深水区推进, 浅水区钻井揭示地层为正常压力, 但对深水区的油气运移指向和地层压力分布认识不清楚.应用钻井测试资料, 地震资料和盆地模拟技术对珠江口盆地白云凹陷深水区的地层压力演化和油气运移进行了研究.模拟结果显示地层压力的聚集与释放以及流体运移与构造运动的发生有密切的关系.从模拟结果的分析中可以得出如下结论: (1) 珠二坳陷经历了3次幕式地层压力的聚集与释放.这3次压力的释放与晚始新世珠琼运动二幕、渐新世中期南海运动、中中新世末至晚中新世末东沙运动有关, 其中东沙运动期间是本区油气运移的主要期次, 现在浅水区的常压是由于东沙运动时超压释放后的结果. (2) 钻井测试与模拟结果显示, 现今地层压力在浅水区为常压, 在深水区有弱超压存在.引起地层压力分布的差异主要是由于浅水区和深水区沉积的岩相和岩性的不同. (3) 油气运移有2个指向, 一个运移指向浅水区域, 另一个指向深水区域.由于浅水区砂岩百分比含量高, 砂体连通性好, 油气聚集比较分散, 比较而言深水区油气在扇体里富集程度较高, 更有利于形成大油气田. 相似文献
17.
18.
Hydrochemical characteristics and salinity of groundwater in the Ejina Basin, Northwestern China 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
A hydrochemical investigation was conducted in the Ejina Basin to identify the hydrochemical characteristics and the salinity
of groundwater. The results indicate that groundwater in the area is brackish and are significantly zonation in salinity and
water types from the recharge area to the discharge area. The ionic ration plot and saturation index (SI) calculation suggest
that the silicate rock weathering and evaporation deposition are the dominant processes that determine the major ionic composition
in the study area. Most of the stable isotope δ18O and δD compositions in the groundwater is a meteoric water feature, indicating that the groundwater mainly sources from
meteoric water and most groundwater undergoes a long history of evaporation. Based on radioactive isotope tritium (3H) analysis, the groundwater ages were approximately estimated in different aquifers. The groundwater age ranges from less
than 5 years, between 5 years and 50 years, and more than 50 years. Within 1 km of the river water influence zone, the groundwater
recharges from recent Heihe river water and the groundwater age is about less than 5 years in shallow aquifer. From 1 km to
10 km of the river water influence zone, the groundwater sources from the mixture waters and the groundwater age is between
5 years and 50 years in shallow aquifer. The groundwater age is more than 50 years in deep confined aquifer. 相似文献
19.
Water resources in Taiwan are unevenly distributed in spatial and temporal domains. Effectively utilizing the water resources
is an imperative task due to climate change. At present, groundwater contributes 34% of the total annual water supply and
is an important fresh water resource. However, over-exploitation has decreased groundwater availability and has led to land
subsidence. Assessing the potential zone of groundwater recharge is extremely important for the protection of water quality
and the management of groundwater systems. The Chih-Pen Creek basin in eastern Taiwan is examined in this study to assess
its groundwater resources potential. Remote sensing and the geographical information system (GIS) are used to integrate five
contributing factors: lithology, land cover/land use, lineaments, drainage, and slope. The weights of factors contributing
to the groundwater recharge are derived using aerial photos, geology maps, a land use database, and field verification. The
resultant map of the groundwater potential zone demonstrates that the highest recharge potential area is located towards the
downstream regions in the basin because of the high infiltration rates caused by gravelly sand and agricultural land use in
these regions. In contrast, the least effective recharge potential area is in upstream regions due to the low infiltration
of limestone. 相似文献
20.
Mudstone compaction and its influence on overpressure generation, elucidated by a 3D case study in the North Sea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
H. Broichhausen R. Littke T. Hantschel 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2005,94(5-6):956-978
Mudstones are one of the least permeable rocks in most sedimentary sequences. Accordingly they can act as seals for fluid
flow leading to abnormal overpressures. Nevertheless, mudstone compaction and related permeability and porosity decrease are
not adequately described in current basin modelling software, because only mechanical compaction is taken into account. In
reality, however, clay minerals undergo severe chemical diagenesis which certainly influences petrophysical properties and
compaction. In this context a mathematical approach which has been originally developed in soil mechanics has been adapted
to basin modelling. The underlying mathematical equations are carefully explained in the text. In the basic equation the compression
coefficient is a function of void ratio and effective stress. Using these equations, overpressure can be predicted by using
petroleum systems modelling techniques. This is shown for a real 3D case study in the North Sea, in which strong overpressure
occurs. A compaction model for mudstones that depends strongly on the clay content of the individual stratigraphic units is
used for the calibration of porosities in the 3D case study. In addition, a chemical compaction model that reduces porosities
by using a kinetic reaction is used for the deeper part of the basin where mechanical compaction processes are less important.
The pressure generation process depends strongly on permeability and compressibility of the porous medium. Therefore, the
use of mudstone compaction and permeability models is sufficient to produce pore overpressures. In the case studied, abnormal
overpressures are generated during burial together with the petroleum generation process. The mechanical and chemical compaction
mechanisms ensure that the pressures are preserved in the deeper part of the basin. 相似文献