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1.
HSIN-FU YEH HUNG-I LIN SHING-TSZ LEE MIN-HSIANG CHANG KUO-CHIN HSU CHENG-HAW LEE 《Journal of Earth System Science》2014,123(3):503-516
The temporal and spatial distributions of precipitation are extremely uneven; so, careful management of water resources in Taiwan is crucial. The long-term overexploitation of groundwater resources poses a challenge to water resource management in Taiwan. However, assessing groundwater resources in mountainous basins is challenging due to limited information. In this study, a geographic information system (GIS) and stable base-flow (SBF) techniques were used to assess the characteristics of groundwater recharge considering the Wu River watershed in central Taiwan as a study area. First, a GIS approach was used to integrate five contributing factors: lithology, land cover/land use, lineaments, drainage, and slope. The weights of factors contributing to the groundwater recharge were obtained from aerial photos, geological maps, a land use database, and field verification. Second, the SBF was used to estimate the groundwater recharge in a mountainous basin scale. The concept of the SBF technique was to separate the base-flow from the total streamflow discharge in order to obtain a measure of groundwater recharge. The SBF technique has the advantage of integrating groundwater recharge across an entire basin without complex hydro-geologic modelling and detailed knowledge of the soil characteristics. In this study, our approach for estimating recharge provides not only an estimate of how much water becomes groundwater, but also explains the characteristics of a potential groundwater recharge zone. 相似文献
2.
Groundwater recharge is an important process for the management of both surface and subsurface water resources. The present study utilizes the application of analytical hierarchical process (AHP) on geospatial analysis for the exploration of potential zones for artificial groundwater recharge along Vaigai upper basin in the Theni district, Tamil Nadu, India. The morphology of earth surface features such as geology, geomorphology, soil types, land use and land cover, drainage, lineament, and aquifers influence the groundwater recharge in either direct or indirect way. These thematic layers are extracted from Landsat ETM+ image, topographical map, and other collateral data sources. In this study, the multilayers were weighed accordingly to the magnitude of groundwater recharge potential. The AHP technique is a pair-wise matrix analytical method was used to calculate the geometric mean and normalized weight of individual parameters. Further, the normalized weighted layers are mathematically overlaid for preparation of groundwater recharge potential zone map. The results revealed that 21.8 km2 of the total area are identified as high potential for groundwater recharge. The gentle slope areas in middle-east and central part have been moderately potential for groundwater recharge. Hilly terrains in south are considered as unsuitable zone for groundwater recharge processes. 相似文献
3.
甘肃西部平原区地下水同位素特征及更新性 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8
大量同位素资料研究表明，甘肃西部黑河流域南部平原区地下水补给和更新的特征是，具有非均一性和有限性；潜水较年轻又更新快，承压水较老又更新慢；东部地下水更新较快，西部更新较慢；祁连山前戈壁带地下水更新较快，细土平原更新较慢；近河道带地下水更新速率大，远离河道则小。上述特征与出山地表径流量及其补给源属性密切相关。因此，结合地下水更新特征，充分利用祁连山前戈壁带较强的入渗条件和调蓄功能，与地表水联合优化调控，有利于该区水资源可持续利用。 相似文献
4.
降水和人工灌溉是黑河中游浅层地下水重要的补给来源。长期以来入渗补给量评价采用经验参数法,但没有成熟的监测方法和实证数据。采用人工溴示踪法研究黑河中游不同灌溉条件和不同深度条件下的地下水入渗补给规律。结果表明:研究区大气降水条件下包气带溴离子含量峰值年均运移距离为21.25 cm,年平均入渗补给量为11.93 mm,入渗补给系数为0.1;大水漫灌条件下包气带溴离子含量峰值年均运移距离为86.51 cm,年平均入渗补给量为148.7 mm,入渗补给系数为0.16;小水漫灌条件下包气带溴离子含量峰值年均运移距离为46.35 cm,年平均入渗补给量为 53.81 mm,入渗补给系数为0.07;滴灌条件下年包气带溴离子含量峰值年均运移距离为41.72 cm,年平均入渗补给量为52.6 mm,入渗补给系数为0.11。人工溴示踪剂应投放在包气带水分单向入渗下行区,一般西北内陆盆地在地表3 m以下为宜。此研究成果可为黑河流域地下水资源评价提供实证参数,对西北内流盆地地下水水资源量与合理开发利用的科学认识具有重要意义。 相似文献
5.
影响大气降水入渗补给量的因素较为复杂,主要有土地利用类型、降水量、包气带厚度及岩性等。随着遥感影像解译技术的发展,人们能更精确地识别空间土地利用类型,从而更精确地计算大气降水入渗补给量,并了解其空间分布。综合考虑这些影响因素,本文提出了一种基于土地利用类型,并结合地理信息系统(GIS)和VBA(visual basic for applications)编程技术的大气降水入渗补给量计算方法(PIRCL)。以广州市广花盆地为例,利用PIRCL法计算得到该地多年平均大气降水入渗补给量为14 369万m3,该结果与水量平衡法计算得到的大气降水入渗补给量结果相近,相对误差约为2.4%;并且,计算得到的大气降水入渗补给量空间分布基本合理。与水量平衡法相比,PIRCL法计算大气降水入渗补给量只需区域遥感数据、区域降水量数据、对应时段地下水位动态变化及区域水文地质参数,不需要计算地下水其他的补给、排泄项,可以省略大量的工作量,且方便编程实现。 相似文献
6.
Kuo-Chin Hsu Hsin-Fu Yeh You-Cheng Chen Cheng-Haw Lee Chung-Ho Wang Feng-Sheng Chiu 《Hydrogeology Journal》2012,20(3):499-517
The sustainable use of groundwater has become increasingly challenging due to extreme hydrological events and anthropogenic activity. In this study, the basin-scale groundwater response to precipitation variation was analyzed using an integrated model that comprises lumped models for land and river recharges and a distributed model for groundwater. The integrated model was applied to the Chih-Ben watershed, Taiwan, using 20?years (1988?C2007) of data. The hydrological data were analyzed for trends using statistical tests. Based on decreasing trends in precipitation and groundwater levels and an increasing trend in stream flow, the oblique-cut method was applied to precipitation and excess infiltration to assess land and streambed recharge. Distributed numerical groundwater modeling was used to simulate the basin-scale groundwater responses to precipitation variation and anthropogenic pumping. The model was calibrated using stable-isotope and groundwater-level data. The safe yields were estimated for the Chih-Ben watershed for dry, wet, and normal precipitation scenarios. The safe yield of groundwater was shown to vary with precipitation, which does not guarantee the sustainable use of groundwater resources. Instead, water resources should be assessed at a basin scale, taking into account the whole ecosystem, rather than only considering water for human consumption in the alluvium. 相似文献
7.
Water resources in New Zealand are not evenly distributed across the country which makes it difficult to adequately allocate the use of water resources in every basin. Groundwater is a fundamental water resource in New Zealand for agricultural, industrial and domestic use. Detailed knowledge regarding groundwater recharge potential is a pre-requisite for sustainable groundwater management, including the assessment of its vulnerability to contamination by pollutants. In this study, a comprehensive GIS approach was used to map the potential groundwater recharge zones across New Zealand. National data sets of lithology, slope, aspect, land use, soil drainage and drainage density were converted to raster data sets with a spatial resolution of 500 m × 500 m and superimposed to derive groundwater potential zones. The resultant maps demonstrate that the potential is low in urban and mountainous areas, such as the Southern Alps, whereas the highest potential can be found in regions with large lakes and in the lower elevation plains areas, where Quaternary sediments prevail. The resulting maps can be used to identify areas of high nutrient leaching in zones where high groundwater recharge potential exists. 相似文献
8.
详细了解干旱区地下水的补给机制对地下水资源管理来说是非常重要的,天然环境同位素在过去的40年里广泛应用于解决有关地下水补给、流动等问题。笔者通过分析酒泉-张掖盆地水的环境同位素变化特征,识别地下水的补给和流动.研究结果表明,酒泉-张掖盆地地下水的补给源主要来自山区出山河流,补给发生在祁连山前戈壁带,在山前冲积扇带地下水主要为1963年以来的快速补给,而部分深部地下水为1952年以前补给。同时,环境同位素指示盆地存在深部区域流系统和浅部局域流系统,酒泉盆地和张掖盆地之间不存在明显的水力联系。该研究不仅对黑河流域地下水的开发管理有着重要意义,对我国西北类似的内陆盆地地下水的开发管理有着借鉴意义。 相似文献
9.
为了有效提升大清河流域平原区地下水水位,亟需在此区域开展地下水人工补给工程,并确定合理的建设位置及有效的补给方式。首先基于研究区可利用补给水源、地下水位、地表高程、地表坡度及与河道距离5个指标的分布特征,构建地下水补给潜力评价体系,采用ArcGIS空间分析功能对研究区进行了地下水人工补给潜力区划;然后在此评价体系基础上,在典型人工补给高潜力区进一步开展系列野外现场试验,探讨适宜可行的地下水人工补给方式。结果表明：研究区西北部及南部河道附近区域开展人工补给工程潜力较高,而中部、北部及西南部远离河道的区域潜力较低。高潜力区——白沟引河地段包气带及含水层渗透性良好,整体渗透系数均在5 m/d左右或更高,适宜地表补给,但河床渗透性较差,渗透系数基本在0.01~0.09 m/d间,若通过河道补给需配合清淤等措施。其中,在上游及中游沿岸适宜将河道水通过生态水渠引至修建的地表入渗池或借助天然渗坑内入渗补给,在中下游沿岸区域适宜将补给水进行严格的水处理后采用井灌方式补给,在白沟引河中下游河道适宜修建拦水坝,利用河道进行入渗补给。 相似文献
10.
黑河流域水资源转化特征及其变化规律 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
黑河流域水资源主要以冰雪水资源、 地表水资源与地下水资源的形式存在.上游祁连山区分布有现代冰川428条, 发育大小河流共计29条, 多年平均出山径流量37.83×108m3·a-1; 中下游走廊平原由松散沉积的第四系盆地组成, 接受出山河水及引灌河水的入渗补给, 是地表水资源的重复表现形式, 地下水补给量为25.637×108m3·a-1.受构造-地貌条件的制约, 自南部山区至北部盆地, 地下水与河水之间经过5个不同地带有规律的、 大数量的、 重复的转化过程, 形成完整统一的"山区地下水-出山地表水-中游盆地地下水-中游盆地地表水(泉水)-下游盆地地下水"水资源循环转化系统. 相似文献
11.
Yumi Iwasaki Kimihito Nakamura Haruhiko Horino Shigeto Kawashima 《Hydrogeology Journal》2014,22(8):1841-1855
Assessing factors that influence groundwater levels such as land use and pumping strategy, is essential to adequately manage groundwater resources. A transient numerical model for groundwater flow with infiltration was developed for the Tedori River alluvial fan (140 km2), Japan. The main water input into the groundwater body in this area is irrigation water, which is significantly influenced by land use, namely paddy and upland fields. The proposed model consists of two models, a one-dimensional (1-D) unsaturated-zone water flow model (HYDRUS-1D) for estimating groundwater recharge and a 3-D groundwater flow model (MODFLOW). Numerical simulation of groundwater flow from October 1975 to November 2009 was performed to validate the model. Simulation revealed seasonal groundwater level fluctuations, affected by paddy irrigation management. However, computational accuracy was limited by the spatiotemporal data resolution of the groundwater use. Both annual groundwater levels and recharge during the irrigation periods from 1975 to 2009 showed long-term decreasing trends. With the decline in rice-planted paddy field area, groundwater recharge cumulatively decreased to 61 % of the peak in 1977. A paddy-upland crop-rotation system could decrease groundwater recharge to 73–98 % relative to no crop rotation. 相似文献
12.
《地学前缘(英文版)》2016,7(1)
The demand for fresh water in Hambantota District, Sri Lanka is rapidly increasing with the enormous amount of ongoing development projects in the region. Nevertheless, the district experiences periodic water stress conditions due to seasonal precipitation patterns and scarcity of surface water resources.Therefore, management of available groundwater resources is critical, to fulfil potable water requirements in the area. However, exploitation of groundwater should be carried out together with artificial recharging in order to maintain the long term sustainability of water resources. In this study, a GIS approach was used to delineate potential artificial recharge sites in Ambalantota area within Hambantota. Influential thematic layers such as rainfall, lineament, slope, drainage, land use/land cover, lithology, geomorphology and soil characteristics were integrated by using a weighted linear combination method. Results of the study reveal high to moderate groundwater recharge potential in approximately 49% of Ambalantota area. 相似文献
13.
中国地下水资源发生了显著变化，全面摸清地下水资源演变趋势及其影响因素是治理和管理地下水资源的基础。基于全国水资源调查评价、中国水资源公报等资料，对中国60余年来地下水资源的演变规律与影响因素进行了系统分析。结果表明:全国地下水资源量总体稳定，但区域演变趋势差异明显，海河区、辽河区、黄河区呈明显衰减态势；地下水补给结构发生重大变化，由自然补给演变为自然与人工补给并存的模式；地下水排泄结构发生巨大变异，由天然排泄逐渐演变为以人工排泄为主。海河区、松花江区、黄河区、西北诸河区等区域地下水补给排泄关系严重失衡，超采问题突出；降水变化、下垫面条件改变、人类活动干扰是地下水资源变化的主要原因。 相似文献
14.
中国地下水资源发生了显著变化,全面摸清地下水资源演变趋势及其影响因素是治理和管理地下水资源的基础。基于全国水资源调查评价、中国水资源公报等资料,对中国60余年来地下水资源的演变规律与影响因素进行了系统分析。结果表明：全国地下水资源量总体稳定,但区域演变趋势差异明显,海河区、辽河区、黄河区呈明显衰减态势;地下水补给结构发生重大变化,由自然补给演变为自然与人工补给并存的模式;地下水排泄结构发生巨大变异,由天然排泄逐渐演变为以人工排泄为主。海河区、松花江区、黄河区、西北诸河区等区域地下水补给排泄关系严重失衡,超采问题突出;降水变化、下垫面条件改变、人类活动干扰是地下水资源变化的主要原因。 相似文献
15.
把城市污水净化处理为符合回灌标准的再生水并安全回灌补给地下水, 对于实现污水资源化、含水层恢复、缓解我国水资源供需矛盾和环境污染态势具有重要意义.针对再生水回灌地下水存在的水质安全问题, 通过理论分析、系列实验和技术集成形成了再生水地表回灌补给地下水的水质安全保障体系及关键技术.该安全保障体系包括场地选择与勘查、高效低成本的再生水处理技术、土壤—含水层系统数学模型和回灌方案设计技术、水质监控系统、安全评价技术以及回灌管理法规等.这些要素相互依赖、相互作用, 构成一个完整的体系.郑州郊区示范工程证实了该水质安全保障体系的可行性.2年示范工程表明, 处理的再生水水质达到《城市污水再生利用地下水回灌水质》(GB/T 19772-2005)标准, 优于场地背景地下水水质, 补给含水层后的地下水基本达到《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14818-1993)Ⅲ类水标准.建议有关政府部门把再生水利用及回灌补给地下水, 纳入水资源开发利用及环境保护规划的整体框架中, 尽快制定或完善再生水回灌补给地下水的相关法律、法规和标准体系, 建立再生水回灌许可证制度, 有序推进再生水回灌工程. 相似文献
16.
Origin and Distribution of Groundwater Chemical Fields of the Oilfield in the Songliao Basin, NE China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
JIN Aimin LOU Zhanghu ZHU Rong CAI Xiyuan GAO Ruiqi Department of Water Conservancy Ocean Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China Petrochemical Corporation Beijing Exploration Bureau CNPC Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2005,79(5):688-696
There are many factors affecting the chemical characteristics of groundwater in the forming process of groundwater chemical fields, such as freshening due to meteoric water leaching downwards, freshening due to mudstone compaction and water release, concentration due to infiltration and freshening due to dehydration of clay minerals. As a result, the groundwater chemical fields are characterized by lengthwise stages and planar selectivity. The former arouses vertical chemical zonality of groundwater. Five units could be identified downwards in the Songliao basin： （1） freshening zone due to downward-leaching meteoric water, （2） concentration zone due to evaporation near the ground surface, （3） freshening zone due to mudstone compaction and water release, and concentration zone due to compaction and infiltration, （4） freshening zone due to dehydration of clay minerals, and （5） filtration-concentration zone; whereas the latter determines the planar division of groundwater chemical fields： （1） the freshening area due to meteoric water, asymmetrically on the margin of the basin, （2） the freshening area due to mudstone compaction and water release in the central part of the basin, （3） the leaky area, which is a transitional zone, and （4） leakage-evaporation area, which is a concentration zone. In the direction of centrifugal flows caused by mudstone compaction in the depression area, the mineralization degree, concentrations of Na^＋ and Cl^-, and salinity coefficient （SC） increase, while concentrations of （CO3^2- ＋HCO3^-） and SO4^2-, metamorphism coefficient （MC） and desulfuration coefficient （DSC） decrease. However, all these parameters increase in the direction of gravity-induced centripetal flows. 相似文献
17.
地表水与地下水相互转化是中国西北干旱内流盆地水循环的显著特征,转化机制研究是盆地水循环规律认知和水资源可持续管理的重要基础。以我国西北干旱内流河黑河流域中游的张掖盆地和盐池盆地为研究区,建立了黑河主干河道时变水平衡模型和地表水地下水耦合数值模型,研究了长周期水文变化和人类活动双重影响下地表水与地下水转化机制,得到如下认识:（1）补给条件由以天然条件下河流渗漏为主的线状补给演变为以河流与引水渠道渗漏的线状补给和灌区田间入渗面状补给,排泄条件由以泉水溢出和天然湿地排泄演变为以泉水溢出与地下水开采为主的排泄。（2）张掖盆地黑河干流河道入渗段和溢出段大致以G312 大桥为界,亦称为地表水与地下水转化的转折点。莺落峡—G312 大桥段为悬河渗漏段,河道入渗补给主要受控于进入河道的实际过水量。其中,莺落峡—草滩庄段河道入渗补给率为28.20 %;草滩庄—G312 大桥段河道入渗补给量与河道过水量的关系可用分段函数表达,河道过水量大于或等于0.37×108 m3/mon时呈幂函数关系,小于则呈线性函数关系。G312 大桥—正义峡段为地下水溢出段,其中G312大桥—平川大桥段地下水溢出量约占全部溢出量的70%,溢出峰值出现在高崖水文站下游约6 km处,其单长溢出量可达0.46 m3/(s·km)。（3）研究区是一个相对完整的河流—含水层系统,近31年来经历了连枯和连丰的水文变化,地下水补给排泄条件及与地表水转化机制均发生了相应的变化。地表水与地下水转化最强烈的地区为张掖盆地中部的黑河—梨园河倾斜平原。1990—2001 年连枯期,灌区引水量总体逐年减少,以河道入渗和渠系渗漏为主的补给量平均以0.06×108 m3/a速率减少,农田灌溉面积增加导致灌溉用水增加,地下水开采量显著增加,地下水水位逐年下降,储存量累计减少5.77×108 m3,地下水溢出量平均减少0.16×108 m3/a;而2002—2020 年连丰期,灌区引水量总体逐年减少,河道入渗量呈增加趋势,地下水总补给量平均增加0.15×108 m3/a,灌溉面积继续扩大,农灌开采量随之增加,以河道入渗量增加为主导,地下水水位持续上升,储存量累计增加5.45×108 m3,地下水溢出量平均增加0.08×108 m3/a。总之,补给和排泄条件变化较大,地下水储存量先减后增,地下水溢出总量变化较为平缓,反映了该区巨厚含水层系统的巨大调蓄功能。（4）位于张掖盆地东部的诸河倾斜平原地下水水位长期处于持续下降状态,这是由于地表水开发过度,补给量锐减。黑河侵蚀堆积平原地下水水位基本稳定。30 多年来盐池盆地倾斜平原地下水水位长期处于持续下降状态,这是由于移民开垦导致地下水过量开采。（5）内流盆地天然悬河入渗段是珍贵的地下水补给通道,无论连枯期还是连丰期,河道实际过水量是河道渗漏补给量的关键,保护上游天然河道和一定的河道实际过水量是内流盆地水资源可持续管理的关键。 相似文献
18.
利用地下水水化学和同位素测试分析成果,结合区域地质、水文地质条件研究了平谷北山山区侧向补给情况和中桥水源地地区第四系松散孔隙水和下伏岩溶水关系。结果表明：研究区第四系松散孔隙水和基岩岩溶地下水均来源于大气降水,地下水化学类型均为HCO-3-Ca2+?Mg2+ 型;平谷北山山前基岩岩溶水侧向补给平原区第四系松散孔隙水和下伏岩溶地下水;通过D值估算得到中桥水源地第四系浅层地下水的山区岩溶水侧向补给和垂向降水入渗补给比例为57：43;中桥水源地基岩岩溶水接受山区岩溶水侧向补给和第四系孔隙水垂向越流补给比例为87：13。研究成果为平谷地区地下水资源量评价和地下水动力场数值模型的建设提供了关键参数,为区域地下水的合理开采和有序回补涵养提供了科学依据。 相似文献
19.
Evaluation of aquifers vulnerability to contamination in the Yarmouk River basin, Jordan, based on DRASTIC method 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The existing different human activities and planned land uses put the groundwater resources in Jordan at considerable risk. There are evidences suggesting that the quality of groundwater supplies in north Jordan is under threat from a wide variety of point and non-point sources including agricultural, domestic, and industrial. Vulnerability maps are designed to show areas of greatest potential for groundwater contamination on the basis of hydrogeological conditions and human impacts. DRASTIC method incorporates the major geological and hydrogeological factors that affect and control groundwater movement: depth to groundwater (D), net recharge (R), lithology of the aquifer (A), soil texture (S), topography (T), lithology of vadose zone (I), and hydraulic conductivity (C). The main goal of this study is to produce vulnerability maps of groundwater resources in the Yarmouk River basin by applying the DRASTIC method to determine areas where groundwater protection or monitoring is critical. ArcGIS 9.2 was used to create the groundwater vulnerability maps by overlaying the available hydrogeological data. The resulting vulnerability maps were then integrated with lineament and land use maps as additional parameters in the DRASTIC model to assess more accurately the potential risk of groundwater to pollution. The general DRASTIC index indicates that the potential for polluting groundwater is low in the whole basin, whereas the resulting pesticide DRASTIC vulnerability map indicates that about 31% of the basin is classified as having moderate vulnerability, which may be attributed to agricultural activities in the area. Although high nitrate concentrations were found in areas of moderate vulnerability, DRASTIC method did not depict accurately the nitrate distribution in the area. 相似文献
20.
受气候变化和人类活动等因素的综合影响,地下水超采和含水层水量亏空已成为备受关注的全球性问题。为了弥补含水层水量亏空和促进地下水资源涵养,已探索出多种人为干预地下水补给的措施,其中通过河道开展地下水人工补给由于具有明显优势而受到重视。已有实践表明,受渗漏补给潜力和包气带调蓄能力等的限制,并不是所有河流或河段都适宜开展地下水人工补给工作。目前缺乏为大家广泛接受的适宜性评估方法。本研究以永定河生态补水为契机,以北京平原段河道和下伏含水层为研究区开展了案例研究,并用实测数据对研究结果进行了检验。应用指标体系法建立的适宜性评估模型（LMBGITSC模型）包括河床土地利用类型、河床介质类型、河床宽度、河床地形坡度、包气带介质类型、包气带厚度、包气带给水度、包气带水平渗透性等8个指标。案例研究结果表明,沿河流流向,通过河道渗漏补给地下水的适宜性由好变差（防渗河段除外）。该规律主要受渗漏补给潜力和包气带调蓄能力控制,因此适宜性也呈现出“阶梯式”演变规律。检验结果表明所建的评估方法适用性较好。该方法具有可移植性,因此也可为其他同类地区提供参考。 相似文献