共查询到16条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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城市扩张下的北京平原区降雨入渗补给量变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结合WetSpass模型与地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)、遥感(remote sense,RS)技术分析了城市扩张引起的土地利用类型变化对北京平原区降水入渗补给量的影响.在估算出1982年和2007年降水入渗补给量的基础上,将2007年土地利用类型还原成1982年的情景重新估算,利用转移矩阵分析两年土地利用类型的相互转化关系,同时,基于GIS空间数据统计功能,计算出不同土地利用类型下的地下水补给量.结果表明,1982年至2007年,研究区内水浇地减少874 km2,其中517 km2转变为城镇建设用地.相对于1982年,2007年城镇建设用地扩张了831 km2,区内降水入渗补给量减少约3 000万m3.研究成果可以为北京平原区的地下水资源保护及土地资源配置提供较为科学的参考. 相似文献
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应用 D、18O同位素峰值位移法求解大气降水入渗补给量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用D、18O同位素峰值位移法求出研究区大气降水入渗补给量。通过野外地中渗透计法和降水入渗系数法对同位素法计算结果检验,发现D、18O同位素法计算结果具有较高精度,同时验证了在研究区用D、18O同位素方法求大气降水入渗补给量是可行和可靠的。用该方法求解大气降水入渗补给量具有方便快捷、经济省时的优点,在湿润、半湿润地区大气降水补给研究方面,具有很大的应用潜力和重要的应用价值。 相似文献
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针对常用的利用降水入渗系数法确定的降水入渗补给量不随降水频率等因素而变化的弊端,利用郑州市地下水均衡试验场地中渗透仪长时间观测的系列资料,通过对降水—降水入渗补给量进行系统响应分析,建立了4种岩性、5个水位埋深的年际和月际的降水—降水入渗补给响应函数.研究结果表明,根据当期及前期的年、月降水量数据,利用系统响应分析法建立的降水入渗补给函数能比较准确地计算相应地区的降水入渗补给量. 相似文献
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岩溶含水系统中赋存着丰富的优质地下水,而大气降水是浅部可供开采的岩溶地下水的最主要补给来源。受岩溶含水系统各向异性、不均一性和直接观测难度大等因素的影响,降水入渗补给量的计算是一个非常复杂的过程。确定岩溶含水系统的汇水范围是降水入渗补给计算的首要问题,示踪法与经验公式法被证明是最有效的两种方法。降水入渗补给量的计算方法主要包括水文过程线法分析法、氧同位素法、氯质量平衡法、基于GIS的多变量综合分析法和模型法。本文对目前岩溶含水系统降水入渗补给计算方法的关键点和适用条件进行了总结和对比,同时指出大气降水物理化学性质的时空特征以及水-岩反应可以作为未来研究岩溶含水系统降水补给的研究方向之一。 相似文献
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大气降水入渗补给是地下水的主要补给源.在分析大气降水入渗机理,以及影响降雨入渗诸多因素的基础上,以山西省第二次水资源评价为例,采用相关图解法、回归分析分别对降雨入渗补给量进行计算研究.结果表明,作为大气降水对地下水补给因素影响,综合反映的降水入渗补给系数是计算降水入渗补给量最关键参数,直接表达了降水对地下水垂直入渗补给... 相似文献
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降水量与地下水补给量的关系分析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
降水入渗补给是地下水的主要补给源，研究降水与地下水的关系，主要是分析由于降水垂直入渗引起的地下水位的变化。本文主要通过对降水入渗机理、影响水入渗的因素、降水入渗补给量计算的研究，分析降水量与地下水补给量的关系。 相似文献
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准确计算地下水的垂向入渗补给量是合理评价和利用地下水资源的基础.EARTH模型是一种集中参数的水文模型,可刻画水流在包气带中的运移过程,弥补黑箱模型的不足.以中国科学院栾城农业生态试验站的地下水位观测资料以及气象资料为基础,综合运用降水、蒸发、土壤水、地下水动态观测资料,利用EARTH模型计算了河北平原地下水垂向入渗补给量.计算结果表明,2003年1月1日至2005年8月31日期间,栾城农业生态试验站在降水量1404.1 mm、灌溉量1050.0 mm的条件下地下水入渗补给量为487.2 mm,平均年入渗补给量为182.6 mm, 占降水和灌溉总量(2454.1 mm)的19.9%.在模拟结果的基础上,对不同年份的降水量(含灌溉)和入渗补给量分布的对比分析表明,河北栾城地下水补给滞后现象明显,在研究时间段内峰值滞后18～35 d. 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯沙漠高原区白垩系含水层补给源的探讨 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
白垩系砂岩是部尔多斯高原的主要含水介质,对区内工农业、居民用水具有的重要的作用.大气降水面状入渗补给是白垩系含水层的主要补给来源,占区内补给量的78.5%.鄂尔多斯沙漠高原区影响大气降水入渗补给白垩系砂岩的因素有降雨特征、地形地貌和白垩系砂岩上覆岩性.研究表明,区内不同区域大气降水入渗补给特征不同,主要表现为:1、在区内南部大气降水间接补给砂岩,北部直接补给砂岩2、区内分水岭控制区内整体地下水循环;波状高原上具有梁地-过渡带-洼地分布的地貌特征控制着小区域地下水循环.认识大气降水对白垩系砂岩补给的这些规律,对合理开发利用水资源,保证当地经济可持续性发展具有重要意义.此外,白垩系砂岩的补给来源还有凝结水、地表水(河流、湖淖)、人工回灌等,补给量不大. 相似文献
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降水入渗补给量是平原地区水资源的重要组成部分,研究年补给量系列的计算和插补延长方法,对于提高水资源评价的精度和实用性具有重要的意义。本文以华北平原大量的地下水动态观测和均衡场试验资料为基础,分析了不同岩性区的年降水入渗补给系数与年降水量、地下水埋深的定量关系,提出了分区年降水量与入渗补给量的相关曲线的绘制方法,从而解决了年降水入渗补给量系列的计算和插补延长问题。最后,还对相关线型的合理性进行了论证。 相似文献
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Thomas J. Jackson 《Hydrogeology Journal》2002,10(1):40-51
Remote sensing provides information on the land surface. Therefore, linkages must be established if these data are to be
used in groundwater and recharge analyses. Keys to this process are the use of remote sensing techniques that provide information
on soil moisture and water-balance models that tie these observations to the recharge. Microwave remote sensing techniques
are used to map the spatial domain of surface soil moisture and to monitor its temporal dynamics, information that cannot
be measured using other techniques. The physical basis of this approach is presented with examples of how microwave remote
sensing is utilized in groundwater recharge and related studies.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
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华北平原地下水演化地史特征与时空差异性研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
近万年以来华北平原地下水演化经历了百年、千年尺度的早全新世增雨、中全新世多雨和晚全新世干旱频发过程, 地下水净补给与降水、蒸发及径流之间水分通量随之变化, 并且在时空上呈现明显的差异性。基于全新世以来华北平原浅部地下水循环演化过程中水量均衡, 280~350 mm年降水量是阈值。当小于该阈值时, 地下水系统呈现负均衡; 现阶段不是区域地下水净补给最少时期, 而是处于全新世多年平均水平。目前, 华北平原区域地下水位不断下降是人类耗用地下水的强度远超过自然水循环的更新能力所致, 急需规范人类用水行为。 相似文献
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Sergey Grinevskiy Elena Filimonova Victor Sporyshev Vsevolod Samartsev Sergey Pozdniakov 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(8):2753-2767
Groundwater pumping and changes in climate-induced recharge lead to lower groundwater levels and significant changes in the water balance of a catchment. Water previously discharged as evapotranspiration can become a source of pumpage. Neglecting this effect leads to overestimated streamflow depletion. A small river basin (Sudogda River Basin, Russia) with a boreal climate and with long-term records of groundwater head and streamflow rate (showing that the measured stream depletion is less than the pumping rate) was investigated. The role of evapotranspiration in the water balance was analyzed by a hydrogeological model using MODFLOW-2005 with the STR package; the annual variation in recharge was obtained with the codes Surfbal and HYDRUS. The Sudogda River Basin was classified according to landscape and unsaturated-zone texture classes, and for each classified zone, the unsaturated-zone flow simulation was used to calculate the annual recharge dynamics for the observation period. Calibration of the regional flow model was conducted using flow and head observations jointly for two steady-state flow conditions—natural (before pumping started) and stressed (pumping). The simulations showed that pumped water originates from three sources: intercepted baseflow (75% of the annual total pumping rate), the capture of groundwater evapotranspiration discharge plus increased groundwater recharge (17%), and induced stream infiltration (8%). Additionally, multi-year precipitation records were analyzed to detect any long-term recharge and pumping water-budget changes. The results showed that increasing groundwater recharge by natural precipitation leads to (1) decreased intercepted baseflow and induced streamflow infiltration and (2) increased intercepted evapotranspiration discharge, thereby reducing stream depletion. 相似文献
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Water resources in Taiwan are unevenly distributed in spatial and temporal domains. Effectively utilizing the water resources
is an imperative task due to climate change. At present, groundwater contributes 34% of the total annual water supply and
is an important fresh water resource. However, over-exploitation has decreased groundwater availability and has led to land
subsidence. Assessing the potential zone of groundwater recharge is extremely important for the protection of water quality
and the management of groundwater systems. The Chih-Pen Creek basin in eastern Taiwan is examined in this study to assess
its groundwater resources potential. Remote sensing and the geographical information system (GIS) are used to integrate five
contributing factors: lithology, land cover/land use, lineaments, drainage, and slope. The weights of factors contributing
to the groundwater recharge are derived using aerial photos, geology maps, a land use database, and field verification. The
resultant map of the groundwater potential zone demonstrates that the highest recharge potential area is located towards the
downstream regions in the basin because of the high infiltration rates caused by gravelly sand and agricultural land use in
these regions. In contrast, the least effective recharge potential area is in upstream regions due to the low infiltration
of limestone. 相似文献
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Arid to semi-arid regions are characterized by low levels of surface water and low annual precipitation (generally <350 mm/year). In such areas, groundwater must be used to meet all the needs of the population for water. As a consequence, careful management is required to ensure the sustainability of this scarce resource in response to the demands of urban centers, industry, agriculture, and tourism. The concept of the aquifer recharge rate is particularly useful in the quantification of these groundwater resources and can be used to form the basis of a decision support system. This study determined the potential recharge rate in the Haouz aquifer using a multi-criteria analysis that included both the major and minor factors influencing the rate of infiltration of water into the aquifer. The analysis was based on the use of a geographical information system supported by remote sensing techniques to develop thematic data layers. These layers were then used to describe the spatial variation of the factors influencing the recharge rate of the aquifer and were subsequently integrated and analyzed to derive the spatial distribution of the potential recharge. This approach was used to classify the Haouz Plain (Morocco) into three different zones with respect to the recharge rate, with recharge rates ranging from 3.5 to 18.2 %. 相似文献
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降水入渗补给过程中优先流的确定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
优先流是降水、灌溉水等入渗补给地下水的主要形式之一, 流速快, 流动路径复杂, 难以定量描述.针对优先流难以定量描述的问题, 以郑州地中渗透仪观测资料为基础, 探讨了新乡亚砂土等试筒降水入渗过程及其中的优先流补给量比例.根据土壤的水力性质、气候等资料建立不存在优先流的数值模拟模型来刻画降水入渗补给过程, 通过模拟获得的地下水入渗补给量与实测地下水入渗补给量的历时曲线, 将大于模拟值的实测值视为优先流的量及确定其在总补给量中所占的比例.结果表明, 优先流占总补给量的比例在10%~80%之间; 随着土壤粘性增加, 优先流所占比例呈增加趋势; 随地下水位埋深的增大, 优先流所占比例呈逐渐下降趋势. 相似文献