共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 126 毫秒
1.
大气降水入渗补给是地下水的主要补给源.在分析大气降水入渗机理,以及影响降雨入渗诸多因素的基础上,以山西省第二次水资源评价为例,采用相关图解法、回归分析分别对降雨入渗补给量进行计算研究.结果表明,作为大气降水对地下水补给因素影响,综合反映的降水入渗补给系数是计算降水入渗补给量最关键参数,直接表达了降水对地下水垂直入渗补给... 相似文献
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地下水补给研究是进行地下水资源评价、制定水资源可持续利用方案、开展水资源管理的基础,也是建立地下水模型、进行环评的关键。从地下水补给量的评价方法、地下水补给的时空分布规律以及地下水补给的过程和机理等方面入手,综述了国内外有关地下水补给研究方面进展及发展趋势。同时,针对中国北方岩溶地区的岩溶发育特征和岩溶地下水赋存规律,对岩溶地下水的补给研究现状及存在的问题进行了阐述,分析了当前研究不足,并提出了如下建议:开展北方典型岩溶区入渗补给过程和机理研究,揭示不同地质条件和气候条件下的入渗补给机制;研究降水入渗补给系数的时空变化规律,探讨降水入渗补给系数的变值问题;开展碳酸盐岩裸露区巨厚层包气带的水文功能研究,加强入渗补给滞后性和有效入渗补给量确定方面的研究;探讨岩溶地区植树造林的水文效应。为中国北方岩溶区地下水补给定量化研究提供新的思路,为揭示岩溶区地下水补给机制和岩溶地下水可持续利用提供科学依据。 相似文献
3.
大气降水对地下水补给的影响因素分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文通过对一实际岩溶地下含水系统中水位动态资料与大气降水动态资料的分析，揭示了大气降水对地下水的补给特点，分析了这些特点产生的根本原因，其分析结果对于正确评价特定水文地质环境下大气降水对地下水的补给机理及补给量具有重要参考价值。 相似文献
4.
针对常用的利用降水入渗系数法确定的降水入渗补给量不随降水频率等因素而变化的弊端,利用郑州市地下水均衡试验场地中渗透仪长时间观测的系列资料,通过对降水—降水入渗补给量进行系统响应分析,建立了4种岩性、5个水位埋深的年际和月际的降水—降水入渗补给响应函数.研究结果表明,根据当期及前期的年、月降水量数据,利用系统响应分析法建立的降水入渗补给函数能比较准确地计算相应地区的降水入渗补给量. 相似文献
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6.
降水量与地下水补给量的关系分析 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
降水入渗补给是地下水的主要补给源，研究降水与地下水的关系，主要是分析由于降水垂直入渗引起的地下水位的变化。本文主要通过对降水入渗机理、影响水入渗的因素、降水入渗补给量计算的研究，分析降水量与地下水补给量的关系。 相似文献
7.
徐州市城市供水主要是地下水据计算,规划区917.86km~2范围内地下水可采资源总量为2.48×10~8m~3/a,其中大气降水入渗补给量约占70％,可见降水入渗补给量对地下水补给保证程度起决定性作用,亦是城市供水规划制订的重要参考依据。徐州市城市供水主要是地下水据计算,规划区917.86km~2范围内地下水可采资源总量为2.48×10~8m~3/a,其中大气降水入渗补给量约占70％,可见降水入渗补给量对地下水补给保证程度起决定性作用,亦是城市供水规划制订的重要参考依据。 相似文献
8.
应用 D、18O同位素峰值位移法求解大气降水入渗补给量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用D、18O同位素峰值位移法求出研究区大气降水入渗补给量。通过野外地中渗透计法和降水入渗系数法对同位素法计算结果检验,发现D、18O同位素法计算结果具有较高精度,同时验证了在研究区用D、18O同位素方法求大气降水入渗补给量是可行和可靠的。用该方法求解大气降水入渗补给量具有方便快捷、经济省时的优点,在湿润、半湿润地区大气降水补给研究方面,具有很大的应用潜力和重要的应用价值。 相似文献
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《地下水》2017,(6)
贵州省黔西南为典型的丘峰谷地区,该区域地表水系不发育,水文地质条件复杂,地下水资源量计算研究程度不高。为摸清区内地下水资源量状况,采用大气降水入渗法、地下水径流模数法、流量汇总法、水力坡度法和给水度计算法,基于岩溶水系统为计算单元,对丘峰谷地区岩溶水系统地下水资源量进行计算,对比分析计算结果,并判定各计算方法对岩溶大泉系统和储水构造系统的地下水资源量计算的适宜性,结果发现:在计算过程中,岩溶大泉系统应以流动系统为计算单元,宜采用大气降水入渗法和流量汇总法;而应用地下水径流模数法和水力坡度法计算储水构造岩溶含水系统资源量,具有相似性、保证率高。研究结果对类似水文地质条件下的岩溶山区地下水资源量计算具有重要意义。 相似文献
10.
影响大气降水入渗补给量的因素较为复杂,主要有土地利用类型、降水量、包气带厚度及岩性等。随着遥感影像解译技术的发展,人们能更精确地识别空间土地利用类型,从而更精确地计算大气降水入渗补给量,并了解其空间分布。综合考虑这些影响因素,本文提出了一种基于土地利用类型,并结合地理信息系统(GIS)和VBA(visual basic for applications)编程技术的大气降水入渗补给量计算方法(PIRCL)。以广州市广花盆地为例,利用PIRCL法计算得到该地多年平均大气降水入渗补给量为14 369万m3,该结果与水量平衡法计算得到的大气降水入渗补给量结果相近,相对误差约为2.4%;并且,计算得到的大气降水入渗补给量空间分布基本合理。与水量平衡法相比,PIRCL法计算大气降水入渗补给量只需区域遥感数据、区域降水量数据、对应时段地下水位动态变化及区域水文地质参数,不需要计算地下水其他的补给、排泄项,可以省略大量的工作量,且方便编程实现。 相似文献
11.
Assessing the groundwater recharge potential zone and differentiation of the spring catchment area are extremely important to effective management of groundwater systems and protection of water quality. The study area is located in the Saldoran karstic region, western Iran. It is characterized by a high rate of precipitation and recharge via highly permeable fractured karstic formations. Pire-Ghar, Sarabe-Babaheydar and Baghe-rostam are three major karstic springs which drain the Saldoran anticline. The mean discharge rate and electrical conductivity values for these springs were 3, 1.9 and 0.98 m3/s, and 475, 438 and 347 μS/cm, respectively. Geology, hydrogeology and geographical information system (GIS) methods were used to define the catchment areas of the major karstic springs and to map recharge zones in the Saldoran anticline. Seven major influencing factors on groundwater recharge rates (lithology, slope value and aspect, drainage, precipitation, fracture density and karstic domains) were integrated using GIS. Geology maps and field verification were used to determine the weights of factors. The final map was produced to reveal major zones of recharge potential. More than 80 % of the study area is terrain that has a recharge rate of 55–70 % (average 63 %). Evaluating the water budget of Saldoran Mountain showed that the total volume of karst water emerging from the Saldoran karst springs is equal to the total annual recharge on the anticline. Therefore, based on the geological and hydrogeological investigations, the catchment area of the mentioned karst springs includes the whole Saldoran anticline. 相似文献
12.
Comparison of groundwater recharge estimation methods for the semi-arid Nyamandhlovu area, Zimbabwe 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Nyamandhlovu aquifer is the main water resource in the semi-arid Umguza district in Matebeleland North Province in Zimbabwe. The rapid increase in water demand in the city of Bulawayo has prompted the need to quantify the available groundwater resources for sustainable utilization. Groundwater recharge estimation methods and results were compared: chloride mass balance method (19–62 mm/year); water-table fluctuation method (2–50 mm/year); Darcian flownet computations (16–28 mm/year); 14C age dating (22–25 mm/year); and groundwater modeling (11–26 mm/year). The flownet computational and modeling methods provided better estimates for aerial recharge than the other methods. Based on groundwater modeling, a final estimate for recharge (from precipitation) on the order of 15–20 mm/year is believed to be realistic, assuming that part of the recharge water transpires from the water table by deep-rooted vegetation. This recharge estimate (2.7–3.6% of the annual precipitation of 555 mm/year) compares well with the results of other researchers. The advantages/disadvantages of each recharge method in terms of ease of application, accuracy, and costs are discussed. The groundwater model was also used to quantify the total recharge of the Nyamandhlovu aquifer system (20?×?106–25?×?106 m3/year). Groundwater abstractions exceeding 17?×?106 m3/year could cause ecological damage, affecting, for instance, the deep-rooted vegetation in the area. 相似文献
13.
It is important to understand how groundwater recharge responds to precipitation variability in space and time, especially in those areas such as Yanqing Basin (China), where groundwater represents the sole water resource. A simple soil-water balance method is applied for spatio-temporal simulation of groundwater recharge in Yanqing Basin from 1981 to 2000. It was implemented on a monthly time step considering the effects of land use and soil texture. The area-average recharge associated with various land uses and soil textures was then compared with zonal analysis using a geographic information system (GIS). The main findings include: (1) the variation of groundwater recharge follows precipitation changes, either at yearly or seasonal intervals, (2) land use plays a more influential role in groundwater recharge than soil texture in this area, and (3) the water table quickly rises in response to recharge in the shallow parts of the aquifer, while there is a delay of 0.5–1.0?years where the groundwater level is at depth 4–10?m. The application demonstrates how spatio-temporal analysis can be utilized for groundwater-recharge estimation through distributed modeling and GIS. 相似文献
14.
河南荥巩矿区岩溶水发育规律研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对矿区地层、构造以及水文地质条件的分析,认为寒武-奥陶系岩溶裂隙含水层是矿区的主要含水层。岩溶水受地层岩性、构造的作用明显,岩溶发育程度在矿区呈现出西弱东强,浅部强、深部弱的发育规律。岩溶水动态受大气降水和矿井排水的双重控制,大气降水是岩溶水的主要补给来源,矿井排水是主要排泄方式,水位动态属于降水-矿排型。在天然状态下,岩溶水主要接受南部露头区大气降水的补给,然后自南向北、自西向东径流,经过新中-三李一带的岩溶水强径流带,在三李一带以岩溶大泉的方式向外排泄。 相似文献
15.
李东海 《水文地质工程地质》1993,20(5):53-54
通过对平顶山矿区大气降水、地表水和地下水的氢、氧环境同位素的分析研究,利用稳定同位素氘和氧-18的关系,分析确定岩溶地下水的起源和形成,根据放射性同位素浓度的变化规律,推算在现有开采深度内各地岩溶地下水的年龄。 相似文献
16.
对北京潮白河冲洪积扇分布区30年来降水量、地表径流量、地下水水位和地下水储存量进行了时间序列分析。结果表明: 过去30年中,区域地下水动态发生了明显变化,特点是1998年以来,地下水位和地下水储存量迅速下降与减少。1998年以来,年降水量为以往多年平均值的76％左右。在储存量变化的影响因素中,降水量减少导致的补给量减少约占24％,人类活动,如工农业地下水开采、应急水源地地下水开采和地表水体入渗减少等因素约占76％。由于未来气候变化的不确定性,在南水北调的水进京后仍可能出现连续枯水年,因此,以丰水年降水进行水源涵养存在较大风险。对于已经处于严重超采状况的潮白河冲洪积扇来说,为了满足未来供水的需要,应急水源地从现在起应减少开采量或停采以逐步恢复地下水储存量。 相似文献
17.
岩溶含水层具有高度的非均质性和各向异性,为定量识别济南泉域岩溶含水层发育状况,通过选取泉域岩溶水补给区和排泄区的地下水位动态数据,采用相关分析和频谱分析,研究其对降雨补给的响应特征.地下水位-降雨量的自相关和互相关分析表明,系统对降雨输入信号的敏感程度自补给区至排泄区逐渐降低,但记忆作用逐渐增强.相位分析结果表明泉域地下水位对降雨信号的响应存在滞后现象,自补给区至排泄区滞后时间逐渐延长,补给区地下水位与降雨具有更好的线性相关性.交叉振幅分析结果表明补给区地下水流中快速流约占20%~30%,而在排泄区快速流占比减少至2.5%~10.0%.岩溶含水系统地下水动力条件主要受岩溶发育程度等介质内部结构影响,济南泉域岩溶含水层岩溶发育程度较低,含水介质和水流通道以岩溶裂隙为主,地下水运动以基质流为主. 相似文献
18.
In the region between Mersin and Tarsus cities, located along the Mediterranean Sea coast in southern Turkey, the demand for groundwater has increased dramatically as the available surface water supplies have already been developed. Fundamental information is required to characterize the existing groundwater system in this area in order to establish a sustainable groundwater-use policy. For this purpose, hydrochemical and environmental isotopic data were collected and integrated with available geological and hydrogeological information to develop a conceptual model of the system. Results, backed up mainly by depleted stable isotope composition and infinitesimal tritium content, suggest that most of the groundwater along the coastal zone is supplied by the neighboring mountain belt while local precipitation has also contributes to aquifer recharge. The validation of the conceptual perspective by a steady-state numerical groundwater flow model reveals that about 90% of the recharge to the aquifer system is supplied by the deep flow of karstic groundwater fed from the Taurus Mountains. Monitoring of changes in the recharge regime of the mountain sector seems to be critical in establishing future groundwater use policies. 相似文献
19.
Claus Kohfahl Christoph Sprenger Jose Benavente Herrera Hanno Meyer Franzisca Fernández Chacón Asaf Pekdeger 《Applied Geochemistry》2008
The objective of this study is to refine the understanding of recharge processes in watersheds representative for karstic semiarid areas by means of stable isotope analysis and hydrogeochemistry. The study focuses on the Granada aquifer system which is located in an intramontane basin bounded by high mountain ranges providing elevation differences of almost 2900 m. These altitude gradients lead to important temperature and precipitation gradients and provide excellent conditions for the application of stable isotopes of water whose composition depends mainly on temperature. Samples of rain, snow, surface water and groundwater were collected at 154 locations for stable isotope studies (δ18O, D) and, in the case of ground- and surface waters, also for major and minor ion analysis. Thirty-seven springs were sampled between 2 and 5 times from October 2004 to March 2005 along an altitudinal gradient from 552 masl in the Granada basin to 2156 masl in Sierra Nevada. Nine groundwater samples were taken from the discharge of operating wells in the Granada basin which are all located between 540 and 728 masl. The two main rivers were monitored every 2–3 weeks at three different altitudes. Rainfall being scarce during the sampling period, precipitation could only be sampled during four rainfall events. Calculated recharge altitudes of springs showed that source areas of mainly snowmelt recharge are generally located between 1600 and 2000 masl. The isotope compositions of spring water indicate water sources from the western Mediterranean as well as from the Atlantic without indicating a seasonal trend. The isotope pattern of the Quaternary aquifer reflects the spatial separation of different sources of recharge which occur mainly by bankfiltration of the main rivers. Isotopic signatures in the southeastern part of the aquifer indicate a considerable recharge contribution by subsurface flow discharged from the adjacent carbonate aquifer. No evaporation effects due to agricultural irrigation were detected. 相似文献