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中国东北地区资源型城市棚户区改造与反贫困研究 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
东北地区资源型城市的贫困居民、贫困棚户区与贫困城市问题揭示的是中国当前日益突出的城市贫困现象,相关研究有助于提高地理学解决社会问题的实践能力。通过总结资源型城市沉陷安置区社区建设、居民就业、社会保障、接续产业发展等诸多问题,讨论了在棚户区的改造方式与安置位置选择、政府的贫困救助能力以及城市经济转型中,存在的不利于城市反贫困的主要障碍,并提出应通过采用灵活适用的改造模式、改善安置住房的区位条件、扩大救助贫困居民的地区援助、支持资源型城市自生能力增强等措施,促进棚户区长效改造、克服城市贫困。 相似文献
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城市再生:21世纪中国城市化趋势 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11
城市再生是城市化深化的必然结果。20世纪50年代以来,西方城市开发概念经历了5次变化,即城市重建、城市振兴、城市更新、城市再开发和城市再生。每一概念都包含丰富的时代内涵,并具有连续性。我国大规模的城市更新改造是从新中国成立以后开始的,特别是改革开放20多年的开发建设取得了巨大成绩。在实践上积累了宝贵的经验和深刻的教训,在理论上引借了“城市有机更新论”。21世纪我国大城市都不可避免地要踏上城市再生之路,城市再生是新世纪内涵式、质量型城市化政策的必然选择。我国城市再生在实践和理论上面临的5个方面的重要问题,即“逆工业化”和“第三产业化”、“郊区化”与“中产阶层化”、城市社区建设与就业、城市历史文化保护和利用以及城市再生的法制建设、规划和管理。 相似文献
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煤炭城市转型中的社会空间结构——以阜新为例 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
作为煤炭工业城市,阜新市处于经济和社会发展的全面转型中,其城市社会空间结构以及演变特征与国内外通常关注的综合性中心城市的案例均有所不同。利用问卷调查方法获得第一手数据,通过因子分析得到阜新市社会空间结构的5个主因子,即贫困人口、"体制内"就业人员、(原)矿业人口、私营及个体从业者以及棚户区及老旧住宅居民等;利用改进的区位商方法结合GIS制图,展示了5个主因子的空间集聚状况;采用聚类分析方法提取出"体制内"就业人员聚集区、原矿业人口他转移地区、原矿业人口自转移地区(私营及个体从业者聚集区)、待改造棚户区、贫困人口高度集中区等5类社会区;最后根据这5类社会区的空间分布特征,抽象出了转型中阜新市社会空间结构的简化模型。探讨了阜新市社会空间结构的形成机理,认为原矿业人口的转移、铁路的分隔作用、资源开发的阶段性、资源枯竭型城市经济转型、煤炭城市特殊的生态环境问题、职业分化的体制因素等是促使阜新市独特社会空间结构形成的重要因素。 相似文献
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以非表征理论为切入点,本文以广州创新创业空间为案例,探讨情感空间和身体等要素在促进城市再生进程中的作用。研究发现：各主体在孵化器/众创空间的建设发展过程中邂逅,通过身体实践作用于物质空间构成创新创意空间关系网络和城市再生体系,重构创新创业空间的文化内涵并培育创新情感和创造行为,为创意产业的发展和地方感的重构提供物质基础以及赋予其多元的地方意义。而后,创意阶层的日常生活实践重塑了社区环境促进微空间的再生产,实现资本积累以完成第一轮时空修复,并随着其社会影响范围的扩大成为新城市文化,促进第二轮时空修复的完成。上述结论回应了非表征理论看待世界的方式和填补了非表征理论在宏观尺度研究上的空缺,为城市再生提供了新的实践切入点。 相似文献
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大型水库、铁路、公路建设(改造),大型(褐)煤矿开采对昭通市城市建设和发展的影响非常远大、深刻,这些过程基本上是不可逆的.在充分认识重大工程带来的有利影响的同时也必须注意并尽量减少其负面影响,以促进昭通城市环境、经济、文化、建设的可持续发展. 相似文献
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城市文化视角下的城市设计探析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
城市文化是城市的灵魂。城市文化是指城市生活中所体现出来的"人化",即人与人、人与环境以及环境的社会属性的集中体现,其涵盖的内容非常广泛。从城市文化的内涵、本质出发,分析了城市文化的本质特征,主要是地域性、包容性与选择性、多样性与连续性、可视性。利用城市设计中的城市空间、城市符号、城市活动三类要素对城市文化进行解读,力图建立城市文化与城市设计的关联,探索利用城市设计要素表现城市文化的途径。 相似文献
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郊区大型居住区邻里关系与社会空间再生——以北京回龙观为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
从社会空间的视角研究邻里关系是城市社会地理学的重要课题。本文利用针对北京回龙观居民的问卷调查数据,并结合质性研究方法,探讨了郊区大型居住区的邻里关系及其与郊区社会空间再生的有机联系。作为典型的郊区大型居住区,回龙观的邻里交往较为浅层化但居民具有较高的交往意愿,邻里互助情况较少但具有很强的互助意愿,居民整体责任意识、社区参与和维权意识强烈。入住小区初期的集体采购、日常生活中的维权和文体活动、“童子军”外交和依托社区网的互动方式使居民相互之间维持了较好的邻里关系。邻里关系与居民受教育程度、入住小区时间长度及有无互助经历等因素相关。对社区形成起到更直接作用的是居民在社会生活方面的互动,这种互动基于实体物理空间和虚拟空间提供的平台,以及通过固化居民间的联系而萌生社区文化。回龙观居民在脱离原居住地社会关系网络背景下,通过邻里关系在郊区大型居住区构建了新的社会关系,改善了郊区社会空间的破碎化状况,促使社会空间再生。 相似文献
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《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2018,39(3):454-471
Slums pose a persistent challenge for fast growing urban areas in the global South, despite several decades of policy intervention. While Chennai has adopted several strategies ranging from upgrading to reconstruction, the city has been unable to deliver its target of ‘clearing’ slum settlements. Through an analysis of four enumeration reports and a look at the evolving political contexts and subsequent practices, we illustrate the evolution of slum policy approaches in Chennai since the 1970s. The analysis shows slum practices in Chennai continue to be characterized by an underlying continuity, with relocation as the dominant mode of operation since the nineties. However, approaches to slums have also evolved from paternalistic socialism with in‐situ development in the seventies, to approaches characterized by affordability and cost recovery in the eighties, to the aesthetics of global cities in the nineties, to the technology driven, to slum‐free ‘smart city’ discourse currently in vogue. 相似文献
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African cities contain a range of low-income ethnic and cultural enclaves that defy conventional ‘slum’ typecasts and intervention guidelines. Further, new forms of urbanization (e.g. gated communities and informal settlements) have received heavy emphasis in recent urban geographic research. Such research emphases have many unintended consequences; one of which is that traditional indigenous neighborhoods in the older city are glossed over. This paper focuses on urban downgrading in Korle Gonno, a prominent and established indigenous community in Accra, Ghana. Using mixed-method data (including surveys), the results illustrate that a traditional neighborhood encounters many of the same dimensions of urban poverty as the more famed slums in the city, yet it experiences different poverty trajectories. We argue that the prevailing slum profiling techniques fall short of capturing these trajectories; more nuanced approaches that capture continuity and discontinuity with past and present socioeconomic processes are necessary. Attention must be rebalanced toward understanding the deterioration of these neighborhoods if policymakers, planners and urban theorists are to obtain a comprehensive picture of poverty dynamics and appropriate interventions in African cities. 相似文献
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Kefa M. Otiso 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2002,23(3):252-267
Forced evictions are widespread in Kenyan cities and are, on the surface, caused by conflicts in land rights, non–payment of excessive land and house rents, and urban redevelopment. But, more fundamentally, evictions are due to factors embedded in the country's political economy, in particular, the grossly inequitable land ownership structure which makes it difficult for the poor to access land and decent shelter. Evictions cause significant socioeconomic hardship to individuals, affecting cities and whole nations. To avoid evictions, I argue that Kenya must make its political economy more inclusive, implement land reform, domesticate its municipal planning and related by–laws, and create a proactive slum settlements policy. This paper is based on secondary data, largely drawn from the extensive coverage of urban evictions in recent decades in Kenya's leading newspapers. 相似文献
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Large-scale urban redevelopment has caused the breakdown of traditional social bonds in Chinese cities. To date, very few studies have attempted to delve into the impact of this urban redevelopment on neighbourhood cohesion. Using data collected from questionnaires conducted in 20 urban villages and 1 urban village redevelopment neighbourhood in Guangzhou, this paper examines the impact of urban village redevelopment on the restructuring of neighbourhood attachment, neighbourly interaction, and community participation—three dimensions of neighbourhood cohesion. Results of a path analysis show that, overall, neighbourhood cohesion declines after redevelopment occurs, and that the sources of neighbourhood cohesion differ between urban villages and the redevelopment neighbourhood. Our findings show that after redevelopment, neighbourhood attachment becomes more influenced by residential satisfaction but less by neighbourly contacts, and community participation becomes less subject to neighbourly interaction and neighbourhood attachment. Such changes occur as a result of the differentiation between social groups and the concurrence of environmental restructuring and demographic reconstruction during the process of urban village redevelopment. 相似文献
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Nipesh Palat Narayanan 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2020,41(1):105-119
Slum eradication has been a concern in South Asian cities since the colonial times. Legislation and policies are being framed both out of national desires and international strategies. However, very little is being studied on how these legislation and policies come into being, specifically geography's influence in their formulation. The article analyses parliamentary debates from India (Rajya Sabha, 1953–2014), and outlines the process of historical, political, and institutional dominance of Delhi. It shows that the slum legislation and policies in India are formulated by abstracting cases from the Delhi slums. This knowledge hegemony of Delhi is discussed within the growing consideration towards urban theory's southern shift, which puts the Southern cities (megacities) as underdogs. The paper argues that at a regional level, these megacities exert the same hegemony that the southern theory wants to avoid. The results argue towards broadening the southern theory and ordinary city discussions. 相似文献
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Oleksandr Kit 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):660-667
This paper outlines a methodology to identify informal settlements out of high resolution satellite imagery using the concept of lacunarity. Principal component analysis and line detection algorithms were applied alternatively to obtain a high resolution binary representation of the city of Hyderabad, India and used to calculate lacunarity values over a 60 × 60 m grid. A number of ground truthing areas were used to classify the resulting datasets and to identify lacunarity ranges which are typical for settlement types that combine high density housing and small dwelling size - features characteristic for urban slums in India. It was discovered that the line detection algorithm is advantageous over principal component analysis in providing suitable binary datasets for lacunarity analysis as it is less sensitive to spectral variability within mosaicked imagery. The resulting slum location map constitutes an efficient tool in identifying particularly overcrowded areas of the city and can be used as a reliable source in vulnerability and resilience assessments at a later stage. The proposed methodology allows for rapid analysis and comparison of multi-temporal data and can be applied on many developing urban agglomerations around the world. 相似文献
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Urban renewal is an inevitable requirement for adapting to the new situation of urban development and promoting the high-quality development of cities. As an integral part of the city, the redevelopment of the urban waterfront has increasingly become an important way to promote urban renewal and participate in global competition. In order to comprehensively understand the status of waterfront redevelopment, this article summarized the relevant progress of urban waterfront redevelopment in China and abroad from the aspects of waterfront concept, waterfront redevelopment concept, spatial process, evolution path, organizational model, and driving mechanism, and examined the research prospects. The findings are as follows: 1) The evolution trend of the spatial process of waterfront redevelopment changes from production to service-economy, and from a single land use type to a multiple land use types. 2) From the evolution of the spatial process, it can be concluded that waterfront areas are mainly redeveloped in four different temporal and spatial evolution paths: material space improvement, high-quality economic development, shared vision of leisure and entertainment, and historical and cultural protection. 3) The organizational model of waterfront redevelopment is mainly divided into three types: government led, private, and public-private partnership. Stakeholders participate in forming the organizational model of waterfront redevelopment, interacting with the social-environmental systems composed of port, environment, economy, politics, culture, and so on and jointly acting on waterfront redevelopment. 4) In the future, the research on urban waterfront redevelopment should focus on the innovation of analytical systems and theoretical research frameworks, pay attention to the research on the dynamic evolution path of waterfront redevelopment, further analyze waterfront redevelopment mechanism and mechanism of influence, strengthen the systematic analysis of the multiple performances of waterfront redevelopment, and establish a waterfront redevelopment management and control method library to promote urban renewal. © 2023, Editorial office of PROGRESS IN GEOGRAPHY. All rights reserved. 相似文献
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Stephen Dobbs 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2002,23(3):288-310
This paper examines the causes and impact of the "evictionr" of the lighterage industry from the Singapore River in 1983. For more than 160 years, the lighterage industry served the traditional Entrepôt trade interests of Singapore from its base along the Singapore River. In 1983, all cargo–carrying lighters operating from the river were forced to relocate to new facilities at Pasir Panjang as a direct consequence of the Singapore government's broader economic agenda to speedily industrialise and modernise the island state. State policy unequivocally linked slum clearance and city redevelopment with its economic programme. As Singapore's economy grew and diversified through the 1970s it became less reliant on the commerce of the entrepôt trade, and the lighterage industry, already struggling to compete with technological changes in sea transport, found itself left without a bargaining position and standing in the path of economic development and urban renewal. While the economic success that Singapore has enjoyed over the past several decades seems to vindicate the state's relentless drive for urban renewal, it often overshadows the impact of the state's policies on individuals. For those working in the industry, eviction led to social and economic hardship as business declined and individuals struggled to adapt to their new work environment. 相似文献
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Ayona Datta 《Urban geography》2016,37(3):323-342
In this paper I argue for an expansion of the horizons of urban geography through a notion of the intimate city. I focus on the slum as a space where the violence of an exclusionary city is woven into its intimate material and social conditions, but where this violence is also domesticated and rendered as part of the everyday. I illustrate through three stories of intimate lives of slum women that everyday life in the slum requires the production of (1) an urban subject who shows agency not by resisting but by living with intimate violence; (2) an urban subjectivity involved in acquiring knowledge of one’s bodily terrain in order to limit this violence; and (3) an urban citizenship that argues for a “right to intimacy” as a way to claim a right to the city. This paper calls for a recasting of the public/private divide in urban geography in order to understand how violence circulates through and contravenes the boundaries of public/private, city/slum, tradition/modernity. 相似文献
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转型期城市居住用地更新的空间加密化研究——广州市金花街改造再考 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
选择具有代表性的广州市金花街改造项目（1988~2003年）为案例研究对象,分析了政府主导下改造方案的调整过程和改造空间特征,探讨居民诉求和政府旧改政策对旧城空间的影响。研究表明：金花街居民的原地安置诉求和城市政府依此设计的以民生为导向的改造安排,乃是影响旧城空间的重要原因;在准市场化融资方式和福利化拆迁安置方式下,城市政府提出的有关提供公共服务设施、解决居民临时安置问题和让居民原地安置的要求,使改造规划多次提高改造容积率,以保持改造经济平衡;改造后的金花街在房屋和人口两个维度呈现空间加密化的态势,即存在原地安置房叠加融资商品房、原地安置居民叠加购房迁入居民的社会空间现象,金花街改造并未出现以外来中产人口大规模替代原住低收入人口为基本特征的绅士化过程。最后,从引入转让开发权和鼓励微改造两方面对当前广州的旧城改造提出政策建议。 相似文献