共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
西藏当雄-羊八井盆地的第四纪地质与断裂活动研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
在当雄-羊八井盆地进行的详细地质填图工作表明,该盆地中堆积了上新世或早更新世以来多套不同成因的沉积物。其中最显著的是形成于约700~500kaB.P.、250~125kaB.P.和75~12kaB.P.等三个阶段的冰川和冰水沉积物,它们指示念青唐古拉山地区在中更新世以来曾有过三次冰期。对念青唐古拉山东南麓断裂带的研究表明,该断裂带包含了三条次级断层带,它们具有不断向盆地内部迁移和多期活动的特点,其中中更新世以来的几次重要活动分别发生在700~500kaB.P.、350~220 kaB.P.、140kaB.P.和70~50kaB.P.。断裂带错动中更新世以来地层所形成的断层崖高度随着地层时代的变新发生系统地减小,指示该断裂的垂直活动速率介于0.4mm/a~2mm/a之间,其中第四纪期间的长期的平均垂直活动速率为1.1±0.3mm/a,而全新世期间的垂直活动速率为1.4±0.6mm/a. 相似文献
2.
The Late Cenozoic basins in the Weihe–Shanxi Graben, North China Craton are delineated by northeast-striking faults. The faults have, since a long time, been related to the progressive uplift and northeastward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau. To show the relation between the basins and faults, two Pliocene–Pleistocene stratigraphic sections(Chengqiang and Hongyanangou) in the southern part of the Nihewan Basin at the northernmost parts of the graben are studied herein. Based on the sedimentary sequences and facies, the sections are divided into three evolutionary stages, such as alluvial fan-eolian red clay, fan delta, and fluvial, with boundaries at ~2.8 and ~1.8 Ma. Paleocurrent indicators, the composition of coarse clastics, heavy minerals, and the geochemistry of moderate–fine clastics are used to establish the temporal and spatial variations in the source areas. Based on features from the middlenorthern basin, we infer that the Nihewan Basin comprises an old NE–SW elongate geotectogene and a young NW–SE elongate subgeotectogene. The main geotectogene in the mid-north is a half-graben bounded by northeast-striking and northwest-dipping normal faults(e.g., Liulengshan Fault). This group of faults was mainly affected by the Pliocene(before ~2.8–2.6 Ma) NW–SE extension and controlled the deposition of sediments. In contrast, the subgeotectogene in the south was affected by northwest-striking normal faults(e.g., Huliuhe Fault) that were controlled by the subsequent weak NE–SW extension in the Pleistocene. The remarkable change in the sedimentary facies and provenance since ~1.8 Ma is possibly a signal of either weak or strong NE–SW extension. This result implies that the main tectonic transition ages of ~2.8–2.6 Ma and ~1.8 Ma in the Weihe–Shanxi Graben are affected by the Tibetan Plateau in Pliocene–Pleistocene. 相似文献
3.
晚更新世以来渤海南部莱州湾发生了3次重要海侵-海退事件及沉积演化过程,渤海南部多源河流三角洲对莱州湾沉积环境改变作用明显。本文选择莱州湾剖面进行沉积地层对比,结合调查资料和测试数据,初步建立莱州湾沉积地层格架,分析晚更新世以来莱州湾沉积演化过程。研究发现,渤海南部中小河流与黄河泥沙为莱州湾沉积物的共同物质来源,二者在不同阶段分别对莱州湾沉积演化起主导作用。提出本区沉积地层具有分期性、分段性和相关性规律。在124.6~72.0 ka B.P.,60.0~24.4 ka B.P.和10.2~4.0 ka B.P.出现过3次暖湿期,分别对应沧州海侵、献县海侵和黄骅海侵,主要发育滨浅海相沉积,向南退积为三角洲/潮坪—河流沉积;由陆向海,短源河流沉积贡献降低,黄河沉积贡献增加。在72.0~60.0 ka B.P.和24.4~10.2 ka B.P.出现2次冷干期,分别对应玉木早冰期和玉木晚冰期,河流相发育,三角洲进积。受海陆交互作用影响,晚更新世以来渤海南部莱州湾大致经历了浅海相—三角洲—潮坪—浅海相—三角洲—陆相的沉积演化。 相似文献
4.
Morpho-Sedimentary evidence of the Huoshan Fault’s late Cenozoic right-lateral movement in the Linfen Graben, Shanxi Graben System, North China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Huoshan Fault, being of NEN strike, is one of the most important faults in the Shanxi Graben System of North China; it
is the location of the 1303 A.D. Hongtong earthquake (MS = 8.0). The late Pleistocene and Holocene offset of some gullies that cross the fault and some fault scratches have proved
its right lateral movement during the late Quaternary; however, until now, geological evidence to support the movement in
the Neogene and early Quaternary was scarce. Our work provides further crucial evidence that supports both its movement in
the late Cenozoic and the total right-lateral displacement since the Pliocene. The difference in the outcrop heights of the
Pliocene sediment along the fault, the difference in the geomorphological development along the fault, the inconsistency in
the lithological composition of the Pliocene proluvial gravels with the rock types within the catchments of the current upper
stream, and the offset of the Pliocene alluvial gravels all completely indicate that the fault has always moved right-laterally
since the Pliocene. Additionally, this evidence indicates that the accumulative displacement is up to 12.5 km. Based on the
horizontal and vertical displacement of the fault since the Pliocene, the time-averaged horizontal slip rate of the fault
is estimated to be about 3.5 mm/a, while the ratio of the horizontal to vertical offsets is about 3.8; these data are roughly
close to the results that were acquired from the Holocene and the present movement of the fault. This similarity in the tectonic
movement parameters may imply that the intensity as well as the configuration of the regional stress field has remained constant,
and that no significant changes have taken place since the Pliocene. 相似文献
5.
对北山地区遥感影像和野外地质特征的分析表明,自阿尔金断裂带向NW方向依次出露三危山-双塔断裂、大泉断裂和红柳河断裂。这些断裂近于平行,且同为左行走滑断裂,具有相似的展布特征,空间走向均为NE40-50°,断裂系末端均发育“树枝状”分支断层．在断层夹块之间形成“多米诺”构造,构成了北山地区主要的构造样式。断层谷地沉积物分析和断层泥ESR年代学测试结果表明,三危山-双塔断裂形成于上新世（N2k）,大泉断裂形成于早更新世（1．2-1．5Ma）．而北山地区分支断层和次级断层的活动在400ka之后。对北山地区断裂构造几何学和年代学的研究表明．阿尔金断裂系晚新生代以来向NW方向的侧向扩展．是阿尔金走滑边界重要的生长方式。北山地区特殊的走滑构造组合样式．使该地区的构造变形难于在某条断层上聚集能量,而分散在若干条次级断层上的位移量又微乎其微,该地区成为“最稳定的活动区”。 相似文献
6.
青藏高原北缘银石山地区地貌年代学初步研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
青藏高原北缘银石山地区可划分出7类一级地貌类型：强抬升断块区、弱抬升断块区、低丘区、早期夷平面残留区、晚期准夷平面分布区、冲洪积平原、残积缓丘区等。通过相关沉积物的光释光和石英电子自旋共振年龄以及覆于早期夷平面、后期山丘、夷平低地或堆积台面等之上的火山岩年龄测年,重塑了晚新生代以来的地貌演化过程：中新世中晚期—上新世中期为主夷平面发育时期,上新世晚期(3．7Ma)主夷平面解体,强(弱)抬升断块区和低丘山地等开始形成。早更新世早期在低丘区中形成夷平低地或堆积台面,中后期抬升断块区与低丘区相间的地表形貌特征进一步强化。中更新世早期(0．64Ma)残积缓丘区形成,中期(0．43Ma)嵩华山北面形成一级冰斗,中后期(0．365Ma)低丘区主要斜坡地貌成型,末期(0．178Ma)强抬升断块区的主要沟谷地貌基本成型。晚更新世以来主要河流阶地形成,其间在0．037Ma前后冲洪积平原形成。 相似文献
7.
青藏铁路风火山段晚第四纪断裂活动分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
地表地质调查发现,第四纪期间在风火山逆冲-褶皱构造带以发生近东西向的伸展变形为特征。在该构造带中形成切割早期近东西向挤压变形构造带、指示近东西向伸展变形、整体沿北60°东向展布的二道沟断陷盆地。断裂活动的地质、地貌证据表明,控制该盆地晚第四纪断陷的主边界断裂位于其北缘,是一条断续延伸达24 km左右、可能兼具左旋走滑性质的正断层。根据该区晚第四纪沉积物的分布和时代,并对断裂所错动的晚第四纪地质-地貌体进行初步的年代学分析,可以初步断定该断裂的晚第四纪垂直活动速率应该介于0.2~0.4 mm/a之间。 相似文献
8.
西藏纳木错及邻区全新世气候与环境变化的地质记录 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：19
综合分析了全新世期间内的多种与气候和环境变化密切相关的地质记录,结果表明该区全新世期间的气候变化可划分为3个阶段:1)约11.8～8.4kaBP期间,处于微温期和升温期,气候相对温和稍湿.2)8.4～4.0kaBP期间,为全新世气候最适宜时期或大暖期.该期间的平均气温可能比现今高约5℃,降水量比今多100～200mm.3)4.0kaBP以来,气候整体较为干冷.纳木错湖面发生持续下降,其最大下降幅度可达11.4m.冰川进退和湖面波动表明,该期间内的气候波动过程分别与新冰期和小冰期相对应,其中又各包含了3次明显的冷期,其中新冰期期间的最低年平均气温可达-6℃左右.约1970年以来,区域气候向暖湿方向转化,造成念青唐古拉山西布冰川后退约120～200m,纳木错湖面上涨了约2m. 相似文献
9.
富蕴断裂带位于阿尔泰山南侧,横切阿尔泰山褶皱带南缘及额尔齐斯深断裂,是一条呈北北西向展布的右旋走滑断裂带。沿断裂带发育一系列错断水系、错断冲积扇、挤压脊、走滑拉分盆地等反映右旋走滑活动的典型构造地貌标志。本研究在高分辨率遥感图像和数字高程模型分析的基础上,结合野外实地构造地貌测量,对沿富蕴断裂带发育的系统错断水系特征进行了详细分析研究。研究结果表明,沿富蕴断裂带发育不同级别的错断水系,大致可划分为6级:1931年地震形成的冲沟;90m左右断距的错断水系;150m左右断距的错断水系;500m左右断距的错断水系;1500m左右断距的错断水系;2000m以上断距的错断水系。同时,结合研究区及邻区的第四纪冰川资料讨论了不同级别水系可能形成时间:恰尔沟三级支流可能形成时间为末次冰期Ⅲ阶段末期,约20ka;恰尔沟二级支流可能形成时间为末次冰期Ⅰ阶段末期,约120ka;恰尔沟一级支流可能形成于该地区冰川广泛消融的倒数第2次冰期的Ⅱ阶段末期,约为250ka;恰尔沟、水磨沟、白杨沟、乌铁布拉克河、卡布尔特河等可能形成于倒数第3次冰期Ⅱ阶段末期,约为360ka。最后,我们估算出富蕴断裂带晚第四纪以来的平均右旋走滑速率为1.46～4.99mm/a。 相似文献
10.
Francisco Gutiérrez Eulàlia Masana Álvaro González Pedro Lucha Jesús Guerrero James P. McCalpin 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2009,98(7):1691-1703
The Munébrega Plio-Quaternary half-graben is a NW-SE trending neotectonic depression located in the central sector of the intraplate Iberian Range (NE Spain). The master fault of the half-graben offsets an Upper Pleistocene pediment deposit, forming an upslope-facing scarp. A trench dug across the fault scarp exposed a 25-m wide deformation zone consisting of graben and horst fault blocks with fissures in the upper part of the scarp, and a monoclinal flexure affected by normal and reverse faults in the lower part of the scarp. We infer a minimum of three faulting events over the past 72 ka, yielding an average (maximum) recurrence interval of 24 ka. The oldest event (72–41 ka) produced an antislope scarp on the relict pediment surface, confining deposition to the downthrown block. Cross-cutting faults affecting sedimentary units deposited in the sediment trap produced by the first event provide evidence for at least two younger events (33–19? ka). The measured cumulative vertical displacement (7.4 m) yield a minimum vertical slip rate of 0.10 ± 0.01 mm/year (2σ error) for the past 72 ka. If the paleoearthquakes ruptured the whole mappable length of the fault (ca. 20 km), they probably had moment magnitudes ca. 6.9 (Stirling et al. Bull Seismol Soc Am, 2002). Such earthquakes would have been more than a magnitude unit larger than the largest ones recorded historically in the Iberian Range. These results suggest that the official seismic hazard assessments, based solely on the historic and instrumental record, may underestimate the seismic hazard in the area. 相似文献
11.
盐湖南岸断层位于运城市盐湖南岸,在浅层地震勘探的基础上,通过钻孔联合剖面勘探和钻孔样品年龄测试,获得断层的上断点埋深、断层标志层的断距以及地层沉积年龄等数据,在此基础上分析了盐湖南岸断层的晚第四纪活动特征。研究表明,盐湖南岸断层在55.7±0.43 ka B.P.以来没有发生明显的活动,断层的活动时代为晚更新世早、中期。断层在晚第四纪以来经历过2次构造活动期和2次间歇期,间歇时间为约16000 a和55700 a,在2次活动期间断层活动程度存在差异,晚更新世早期断层活动较强,中期活动相对减弱。晚更新世以来断层的平均滑动速率为0.0276 mm/a,属弱活动断层。 相似文献
12.
扎布耶湖9级大型沙砾堤记录了约30．0ka B P以来水位退缩历史，与北部拉果错、南部塔若错的垭口沉积记录了3个湖泊最后分离的时间。本文应用数字地面高程模型(DEM)，计算了扎布耶各级沙堤对应湖面期的湖水面积、体积与含盐量；分析了扎布耶与拉果错、塔若错的分-合历程，计算了各时期汇流盆地总面积；参考湖泊、冰川、孢粉、天文学等多学科关于古温度、辐射平衡的结论，得出了较为可信的计算参数。在此基础上，应用根据西藏实际情况得出的辐射平衡和水面蒸发、陆面蒸发计算模型，代入封闭盆地水量平衡方程，得出了较Kutzbach水-能方程更可靠的降雨量-水域面积／流域面积比的非线性方程，计算出泛湖期(9级沙堤，40．0～28．0ka B P)该区降雨量567 mm／a，盛冰阶时降至350mm／a以下，冰期后增至402mm／a，随后逐步下降直至约Ⅰ-1级阶地时(海拔4421m，3．53ka B P)为280mm／a(约为现代的两倍)。通过定量恢复该区30．0ka B P以来降水量变化，为认识西藏高原湖泊演化和古环境、古季风演化提供了定量依据。 相似文献
13.
本文概述了对内蒙古萨拉乌苏河流域酒房台剖面更新统上部年代地层-萨拉乌苏阶初步研究的成果.萨拉乌苏阶底部为黄棕色砂层.底界年龄暂定为150 ka.顶界年龄约10 ka,萨拉乌苏阶上部与下部界线年龄约75 ka.萨拉乌苏阶下部以湖沼相沉积为主,夹风、河流堆积物:上部以风成砂为主,夹湖沼相沉积物.150 ka以来该区经受3次水体扩张3次风砂侵入.阶内代表性的古脊椎动物化石,下部是:鄂尔多斯人(即河套人)、主氏水牛、诺氏象、河套大角鹿、哈克图转角羊等:上部是:披毛犀和野驴等.古气候特征是:150～75ka期间,以温湿为主,但中间曾夹有多次气候波动.75～60 ka时期气候转为干冷、多风,60～20 ka间气候明显暖湿,20～10 ka气候又转温. 相似文献
14.
滇西地区夷平面变形及其反映的第四纪构造运动 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
滇西地区广泛发育一级上新世夷平面。夷平面普遍受到两种变形,一种是大面积的掀斜变形,夷平面高度由西北向东南方向递减;另一种为断裂变形,夷平面呈地堑式下降或地垒式上升。 如果以夷平面为第四纪构造运动标志,那么,自上新世末朗以来,滇西地区垂直上升幅度为3500～400m;滇西几条活断层的垂直位移幅度分别是,剑川断裂1650～500m,怒江断裂1850m,腾冲 梁河盆地南北向、北东向断裂分别为850m和1300m。 相似文献
15.
察尔汗盐湖的突然形成与地表系统巨变——据介形类研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
本文根据青海省柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖中6个钻孔岩心介形类的研究,确定了咸水湖相、微咸水湖相、淡水浅湖-湖滨相和池沼相4类介形虫组合,发现该湖区在0.78MaBP以来长期处于寒冷、干燥气候背景下,基本是浅湖-湖滨相环境,只是在末次盛冰期开始时才突然形成盐湖。由于柴达木盆地西部自上新世末即为盐湖,故而盐类矿床沉积中心的迁移是地表系统巨变的反映,即地表径流及大气降水突然减少导致湖泊成盐。 相似文献
16.
野外观察表明托克托台地的湖相层与上覆的黄土之间存在风化剥蚀面。文章选择了一个剖面点系统地采集了孢粉样品,同时在湖相层底部、顶部和黄土层底部采集了3个光释光样品;另外在一个观察点的不整合于上新统之上的河流相中采取了一个OSL样品。通过对这些数据结果的分析,并综合已有的地层年代、孢粉数据和水文工程地质钻孔资料,试图取得对托克托台地湖相层形成年代、环境及台地演变过程的合理认识。结果表明:1)湖相层相当于邻区的萨拉乌苏组,形成于12～10万年以前的晚更新世早期;黄土相当于邻区的城川组,形成于8万年之后的晚更新世晚期;形成于3万年左右的湖相层是晚更新世晚期同期沉积黄土相变的结果。2)古气候变化明显,晚更新世早期(12～10万年)气候温和湿润,水量充沛,推测最高湖水位介于海拔1050～1080m之间,在河套盆地形成了一个大湖泊———“河套古湖”,与“萨拉乌苏湖”是分开的;晚更新世晚期(10万年以后)气候干冷,湖水后退,同时意味着黄河开始外流,3万年时期的湖水位为海拔1020m左右。3)上新统地层遭受风化剥蚀使地表处于准平原化,在这一时期和林格尔断裂和鄂尔多斯北缘断裂发生明显位错;约12万年以后,和林格尔断裂停止位错,沉积了晚更新世早期的湖相层,约10万之后湖水向盆地中心退却,并在8万年开始沉积黄土,湖水再也未扩展到台地之上,在这期间鄂尔多斯北缘断裂继续位错直至晚更新晚期大约3万年左右停止,台地最终形成。 相似文献
17.
《Geodinamica Acta》2002,15(5-6):277-288
A close relationship between formation of approximately upright folds with axes normal to the extension direction and ramp/flat extensional geometries is established for well exposed Neogene syn-extensional rocks on the presently low-angle Gediz detachment fault, along the southern margin of the Gediz Graben region of western Anatolia, Turkey. Three unconformity-bounded sedimentary sequences and several metamorphic extensional allochthons were mapped in the upper-plate of the Gediz detachment. The oldest sedimentary sequence consists of deformed and folded strata of sandstones and conglomerates that are regarded as being deposited in a supra-detachment basin during the Miocene–Early Pliocene. This unit rests unconformably on the extensional allochthonous, but directly in fault contact with the lower-plate mylonitic rocks. The younger slightly tilted Late Pliocene–Pleistocene sedimentary sequences are post-detachment units that are controlled by EW-trending high-angle normal faults. The youngest alluvium comprises the undeformed present-day basin fill of the Gediz Graben. The supra-detachment sedimentary rocks contain a number of kilometric-scale longitudinal folds that are nearly parallel to the east-west-trending fault system of the Gediz Graben. The folds have a steeply inclined bisecting surface, an interlimb angle of 130–150°, and a plunge of <10°. These folds may be interpreted to form as a result of bending in the underlying Gediz detachment fault. The bending may have an alternation of ramp and flat geometries on which a hanging-wall syncline and rollover anticline formed, respectively. This study again shows the importance of local geology in understanding of some spectacular structures of the extensional basins. 相似文献
18.
祁连山中段门源盆地新构造运动的阶段划分 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
门源盆地是祁连山中段的山间盆地, 南北边缘均为断裂控制, 发育古近系白杨河组、第四纪冰碛物和冰水堆积物。地层变形、地貌发育和断裂活动分期的差异显示新生代以来门源盆地经历了4个构造运动阶段。新生代最早的构造运动开始于渐新世中期(约30MaB.P.), Ⅰ级夷平面解体, 盆地断陷形成并接收了白杨河组砂砾石沉积。第二阶段始于渐新世末期-中新世初(约23MaB.P.), 盆地结束了沉降过程, 白杨河组褶皱变形, 这一过程持续至中更新世初期。第三阶段始于中更新世中期(约460ka B.P.), 新的边界断裂形成, 盆地再次断陷, 堆积了厚度大于400m的冰碛或冰水堆积物, 边缘断裂强烈活动, 这一过程持续到晚更新世晚期(约30ka B.P.)。最新阶段始于30ka B.P., 盆地和两侧的山地整体抬升, 盆地面由此前的加积过程转变为侵蚀切割过程, 北缘断裂的活动由含走滑分量的逆冲性质转变为走滑性质, 但走滑速率明显降低。 相似文献
19.
ZHU Dagang MENG Xian’gang SHAO Zhaogang YANG Chaobin HAN Jian’en YU Ji MENG Qingwei Lü Rongping 《《地质学报》英文版》2010,84(2):280-295
<正>Based on field geological survey,stratigraphic section measurement and indoor comprehensive investigation,the Zanda Basin's tectonic location in the Himalaya Plate was ascertained,and the formation and evolution of the Zanda Basin during the Pliocene to Early Pleistocene was classified as six stages:(a) primary rift-faulting stage,(b) quick rift-faulting Stage,(c) intensive rift-faulting stage,(d) stasis stage,(e) secondary rift-faulting stage,and(f) secondary quick rift-faulting stage.Based on this six-staged formation-evolution theory of the Zanda Basin,the upwelling process of the Western Himalaya Mountains from the Pliocene to Early Pleistocene was classified as the following five stages:(a) slow upwelling stage(5.4-4.4 Ma),(b) mid-velocity upwelling stage(4.4-3.5 Ma),(c) quick upwelling stage(3.5-3.2 Ma),(d) upwelling-ceasing stage(3.2-2.7 Ma), and(e) quick upwelling stage(2.7 Ma).Research has shown that in the duration from the Early Pliocene(4.7 Ma) to the End of Pliocene(2.67 Ma),which lasted 2.03 million years,the Himalaya Mountains had uplifted 1500 m at a velocity of 0.74 mm/a;this belongs to a mid-velocity upwelling. During the 1.31 million years in the Early Stage of the Early Pleistocene,the Himalaya Mountains had risen up another 1500 m at a velocity of 1.15 mm/a;this is a rather quick upwelling.All of these data have shown that the upwelling of the Western Himalaya Mountains is along a complicated process with multi-stages,multi-velocities,and non-uniformitarian features. 相似文献
20.
山西太谷断裂南段晚更新世以来的活动特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
太谷断裂为太原盆地的边界断裂,是晋中盆地研究程度较低的一条断裂。根据野外地质调查,断裂展布在黄土台地前缘,断错了盆地的洪积扇及河流阶地,是一条全新世活动的正断层。在上曹麻和北甲开挖了3个探槽,根据地层基本单元和年代学测试结果,探槽揭示了3次古地震事件,分别为8ka之后、11ka之后和17ka年之后。全新世垂直滑动速率为0.09mm/a;晚更新世以来的平均滑动速率为0.16~0.19mm/a。完善了太谷断裂的研究,为晋中盆地防震减灾提供可靠的科学依据。 相似文献