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《地震地质》1991,13(1):53
地震预报和工程建设开展,有力地推动和促进了对活断层的广泛调查和深入研究。从另一方面看,近20年,特别是近10年来的活断层研究成果,又使人们对地震发生的构造环境有了更深入的了解和更明确的认识,对工程场地断层活动性评定有了更科学的依据和更有效的方法。正是在上述背景和基础上编写出来的《活断层及其工程评价》一书,系统地反映了活断层研究的最新成果和发展动向。 全书共分5章,系统阐述了活断层基本特征、地质灾害、调查方法及其工程评价原理、方法和实例。第1章介绍活断层含义和习性,第2、3章叙述活断层可能引起的各种灾害和14种调查方法,第4、5章论述活断层工程评价的主要问题、方法原理和评价实例。作者提出了对活断层准确度、活动度和危险度等概念含义的 相似文献
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地震危险区的边界划分探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文针对目前地震危险区边界划分上存在的问题,从地震地质和地震构造的角度,结合测震学方法进行了分析,指出地震分布和地震危险区边界划定与活动构造有密切的联系。依据这一思想,阐明了构造活动与地震活动的关系,初步提出了地震危险区边界判析的原则,即把地震危险区限制在一定的地震构造区(带);其边界依据活动构造划定;在地震危险区内部进行发震构造条件研究,并对这些发震构造(活断层)进行活动度分析;分层次地对地震危险区范围及其危险度进行确定。 本文着重进行了活动构造的研究,对中国大陆的活断层、新生代盆地、地形面以及古地震等作了活动时代、活动性质、活动强度等多方面的论述。 相似文献
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本文根据野外地震地质调查资料，结合新地层年代测定和断层泥中石英碎砾表面ＳＥＭ显微形貌结构分析，对玉川断裂的滑动速率和危险度进行了讨论，初步认为，该断裂在晚更新世以来右旋走滑活动为主兼顾倾滑活动，平均滑动速率５毫米／年，属Ａ级活断层的Ⅱ－Ⅲ强活动度－中强活动度。逼近时间Ｔ＞２００年，属高危险度。 相似文献
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新疆天山主要活断层的分段及其在地震区划中的运用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对天山地区活动断裂不同地段的几何形态、运动方式、地震活动特征存在的差异进行了分析研究。提出了活断层分段的标准和几种用于活断层分段的地震活动性指标:给出了活断层分段的标志点特征,并对新疆天山地区13条活断层进行了分段,讨论了分段结果在地震区划潜在震源区划分及其地震活动性参数确定中的应用。结果表明:通过活断层分段使潜在震源区的划分更准确、恰当,使地震活动性参数的确定更能反映出地震活动的时空不均匀性。 相似文献
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断层活动性定量评定之现状与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着活断层理论研究的深入和工程评价要求的提高，对断层活动性仅作定性评价，已不能满足重大工程选址和设计的要求，而必须走量化评定的道路。作者分析了断层活动性定量评定之现状，科学京、工程师们虽已做了一些有益的尝试和实践，但当前仍处在探索研究阶段，至今尚未找到一个能被普遍接受的断层活动性量化评定标准。作者对断层活动性量化评定之前景亦做了展望，并着重指出几个今后应特别予以注意的问题：１．明确断层活动性的概念含义；２．找到影响断层活动性大小的主要因素；３．加强断层活动年代测定研究；４．重视活断层的地震活动和地表破裂研究；５．用概率论方法定量评定断层活动性。 相似文献
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城市活断层与破坏性地震探讨--对苏州地区活断层探测的思考 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
近年来,大城市附近的大地震造成大量人员伤亡和财产损失,而地震的元凶是活动的断层。对隐伏在城市地下的活断层进行研究,探明其位置和活动特性,采取正确的应对措施,对于减轻地震灾害具有重大的现实意义,世界上许多国家也越来越重视对活断层的研究。本文着重对活断层与地震灾害、活断层的研究现状和研究方法以及苏州地区的断层情况进行了探讨。 相似文献
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城市地震活断层探测的地球物理方法 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过国内外有关城市地震活断层探测的实例，对城市地震活断层探测的主要地球物理方法进行了介绍。由于城市地区特殊的干扰环境，城市地震活断层探测需要对传统的技术方法进行必要的改进和调整。以提高探测方法的抗干扰能力，城市地球地震活断层探测应充分利用高分辨浅层地震勘探和人工地震测深精度高的优势，根据不同城市的地球物理特征，配合电法勘探、磁法勘探、重力勘探和天然地震观测等其他地球物理方法，通过对资料的综合分析和解释，提高探测结果的分辨率和可靠性。 相似文献
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THE ACTIVITY FEATURES OF XIADIAN FAULT ZONE REVEALED BY RONGJIABAO TRENCH AND ITS PROBABILISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD EVALUATION 
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下载免费PDF全文 The time-dependent probabilistic seismic hazard assessment of the active faults based on the quantitative study of seismo-geology has the vital practical significance for the earthquake prevention and disaster management because it describes the seismic risk of active faults by the probability of an earthquake that increases with time and the predicted magnitude. The Poisson model used in the traditional probabilistic method contradicts with the activity characteristics of the fault, so it cannot be used directly to the potential earthquake risk evaluation of the active fault where the time elapsing from the last great earthquake is relatively short. That is to say, the present Poisson model might overestimate the potential earthquake risk of the Xiadian active fault zone in North China because the elapsed time after the historical M8 earthquake that occurred in 1679 is only 341a. Thus, based on paleoearthquake study and geomorphology survey in the field, as well as integrating the data provided by the previous scientists, this paper reveals two paleo-events occurring on the Xiadian active fault zone. The first event E1 occurred in 1679 with magnitude M8 and ruptured the surface from Sanhe City of Hebei Province to Pinggu District of Beijing at about 341a BP, and the other happened in (4.89±0.68)ka BP(E2). Our research also found that the average co-seismic displacement is ~(1.4±0.1)m, and the predicted maximum magnitude of the potential earthquake is 8.0. In addition, the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of great earthquakes for Xiadian active fault zone in the forthcoming 30a is performed based on Poisson model, Brownian time passage model(BPT), stochastic characteristic-slip model(SCS)and NB model to describe time-dependent features of the fault rupture source and its characteristic behavior. The research shows that the probability of strong earthquake in the forthcoming 30a along the Xiadian active fault zone is lower than previously thought, and the seismic hazard level estimated by Poisson model might be overestimated. This result is also helpful for the scientific earthquake potential estimation and earthquake disaster protection of the Xiadian active fault zone, and for the discussion on how to better apply the time-dependent probabilistic methods to the earthquake potential evaluation of active faults in eastern China. 相似文献
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Anqiu-Juxian Fault is an important fault in the Tanlu fault zone, with the largest seismic risk, the most recent activity date and the most obvious surface traces. It is also the seismogenic fault of the Tancheng M8 1/2 earthquake in 1668. There are many different views about the southern termination location of surface rupture of the Tancheng earthquake and the Holocene activity in Jiangsu segment of this fault. Research on the latest activity time of the Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault, particularly the termination location of surface rupture of the Tancheng earthquake, is of great significance to the assessment of its earthquake potential and seismic risk.
Based on trench excavation on the Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault, we discuss the time and characteristics of its latest activity. Multiple geological sections from southern Maling Mountain to Chonggang Mountain indicate that there was an ancient seismic event occurring in Holocene on the Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault. We suggest the time of the latest seismic event is about(4.853±0.012)~(2.92±0.3)ka BP by dating results. The latest activity is characterized by thrust strike-slip faulting, with the maximum displacement of 1m. Combined with the fault rupture characteristics of each section, it is inferred that only one large-scale paleo-earthquake event occurred on the Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault since the Holocene.
The upper parts of the fault are covered by horizontal sand layers, not only on the trench in the west of Chonggang mountain but also on the trench in Hehuan Road in Suqian city, which indicates that the main part of the Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault was probably not the surface rupture zone of the 1668 Tancheng M8 1/2 earthquake.
In short, the Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault has experienced many paleo-earthquake events since the late Pleistocene, with obvious activity during the Holocene. The seismic activities of the Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault have the characteristics of large magnitude and low frequency. The Jiangsu segment of Anqiu-Juxian Fault has the deep tectonic and seismic-geological backgrounds of big earthquakes generation and should be highly valued by scientists. 相似文献
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淄博市及其邻近地区活断层地震危险性评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文是山东省防震减灾“十五”重点项目(SD10503)—淄博市活断层探测与地震危险性评价项目的一个子课题和山东省自然科学基金青年基金(Q97E1142)——郯庐断裂带强震孕育动力学模型及其数值模拟研究部分研究成果的总结.在分析研究地震地质、地球物理、断层综合地球物理探测、探槽开挖、断层活动性鉴定等技术手段获得的反映区域地震构造环境、深部构造背景、活动断裂长期滑动习性的定性和定量资料、历史与现代地震活动性和地球动力学资料的基础上,甄别出具有发生破坏性地震的活断层段.同时利用定性、定量和综合判定方法,评价了淄博市及其邻近地区主要断层的地震危险性.本项研究成果为淄博市城区地震小区划、震害预测和断层危害性评价提供了基础依据. 相似文献
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两郧断裂带是鄂西北地区规模最大、影响最强的断裂之一,位于秦岭断块隆起区,长约200 km,走滑运动性质,第四纪分段活动特征明显,曾于1964年发生过郧西4.9级地震。此前对该断裂郧西段的第四纪活动研究较少,直接影响着对鄂西北地区活动构造变形格局和强震危险性的整体认识和评估。本文基于遥感解译、野外地质调查和高密度电法勘探研究,发现断裂沿线发育有串珠状盆地、负向断层长谷、断层垭口和断层崖等构造地貌形态。两陨断裂在早第四纪活动明显,晚第四纪以来活动微弱,滑动速率低,未来中强地震的危险性不容低估。 相似文献
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在广泛搜集以往研究资料的基础上,运用野外地震地质考察、典型地质剖面和探槽剖面分析、系统取样等方法,研究了苍山-尼山断裂的活动性质、最新活动时代和古地震事件。研究表明：苍山-尼山断裂以左旋走滑运动为主兼有逆冲运动分量;其第四纪晚期以来的活动具有分段性,以甘霖为界,北西段为晚更新世晚期至全新世早期,南东段为晚更新世晚期;有确凿证据的古地震事件有2次,其发生时间分别是距今6.4万年左右（E1）和距今1.4万年左右（E2）;另据考证,公元前179年＂齐楚地震＂也发生在该断裂上。根据历史地震和现代地震的研究成果,分析认为该断裂未来具有发生6.5级左右地震的潜在危险。 相似文献
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特征地震是大地震原地重复的重要表现形式.现有资料的初步研究表明,鲜水河断裂带上大地震属特征地震模式,其地震破裂长度、同震位错量以及断层错动方式,在原地保持较长时间的一致性.由于大地震屡屡在原地重复发生,沿断裂特定地段累积位错分布与一次地震的位错相一致,从而导致断层滑动速率的同步变化.本文以1973年炉霍地震为例,研究了鲜水河断裂的特征地震现象.该段的地震活动属特征地震模式,不服从古登堡-里克特的线性震级频度关系.特征地震不仅对断错地貌、滑动速率有重要的影响,由于这种地震模式是以特定震级的大地震为主导,几乎没有中等震级地震发生,这对地震活动性研究也具有重要的意义. 相似文献
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兰州1125年7级地震考证与发震构造分析 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
对历史地震资料的详细考证，黄土地震滑坡的调查及兰州地区活动断裂的追踪考察表明：在兰州1125年地震中遭毁坏的“金城六城”之一的益机滩堡在今兰州市西固区河口以南的潍尼龙厂内，由此确定的六城范围在今兰州市西固区以南至河口一带，这与本区黄土地震滑坡的分布范围，全新世活动断裂的展布及地震破裂带遗迹的分布相吻合，综合分析认为，兰州1125年7级地震的发震构造应为兰州市区以南，距市区最近距离仅4km的马衔山北缘活动断裂带西端的咸水沟断裂段。 相似文献
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The Xiadian Fault is a very important concealed active fault in the Beijing Plain. It is the seismogenic fault of the Sanhe-Pinggu MS8.0 earthquake in 1679. The ancient earthquake sequence in the long historical period is of great significance to understand accurately the activity characteristics of the fault and effectively reduce the earthquake disaster risk in Beijing. We have re-interpreted the Dahuzhuang trench, and identified three layers of buried paleosol, six collapsed wedges and one sand liquefaction event. Further, through the comparison with the landmark strata and paleo-earthquake events revealed by other trenches on the fault, an ancient earthquake sequence with a long historical period of the Xiadian Fault was established:since the 31ka, the Xiadian Fault has 11 occurrences of earthquake events (including the 1679 earthquake), and the average recurrence interval is about 2.8ka. The paleo-seismic sequence also shows that there is an ancient earthquake cluster period from 25ka to 15ka, and there are 5 strong earthquakes in the cluster period. The average recurrence interval is about 2.0ka, which reflects the phase difference of the Xiadian Fault activity. 相似文献