共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 718 毫秒
1.
基于浮标和步进频率微波辐射计(SFMR,Stepped-Frequency Microwave Radiometer)数据对NASA JPL(Jet Propulsion Laboratory)和RSS(Remote Sensing Systems)公司分别发布的已广泛应用于全球海面风场观测的ASCAT(Advanced SCATterometer)散射计风产品进行了比较和分析。结果表明,两者风速在中低风速(15 m/s)时基本一致;高风速(15 m/s)时RSS风速整体高于JPL风速。通过浮标数据对比,风速15 m/s时两者风速精度一致;风速15 m/s时两者风速RMS相当,但JPL和RSS风速分别低估和高估。利用SFMR数据检验表明RSS风速与SFMR风速一致性更好。两者风向精度在低风速(5 m/s)时较低,但随风速增加而提高并趋于稳定。该研究结果对相关科研人员的ASCAT散射计风产品选择具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
2.
A scanning multichannel microwave radiometer (SMMR) has been designed for the Nimbus-G spacecraft and incorporated also into the SeaSat-A payload for the primary purpose of determining sea surface temperatures and wind stress on a nearly all-weather basis. Observations of microwave polarization components will be made at wavelengths of 0.8, 1.4, 1.7, 2.8, and 4.6 cm over a swath 822 km wide below the Nimbus-G and 595 km wide below the SeaSat-A spacecraft. The smallest spatial resolution cell is about 20 km at a wavelength of 0.8 cm, and proportionately larger at the other wavelengths. Using algorithms based on a combination of experimental data and physical models for converting the observed brightness temperatures, the indicated accuracies of the results (excluding conditions of significant rainfall) are within 1 K for sea surface temperature and 2 m/s for surface wind speeds, over a range from 0-50 m/s. 相似文献
3.
Evaluation of ENVISAT ASAR data for sea surface wind retrieval in Hong Kong coastal waters of China 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The C-band wind speed retrieval models, CMOD4, CMOD - IFR2, and CMOD5 were applied to retrieval of sea surface wind speeds from ENVISAT （European environmental satellite） ASAR （advanced synthetic aperture radar） data in the coastal waters near Hong Kong during a period from October 2005 to July 2007. The retrieved wind speeds are evaluated by comparing with buoy measurements and the QuikSCAT （quick scatterometer） wind products. The results show that the CMOD4 model gives the best performance at wind speeds lower than 15 m/s. The correlation coefficients with buoy and QuikSCAT winds are 0.781 and 0.896, respectively. The root mean square errors are the same 1.74 m/s. Namely, the CMOD4 model is the best one for sea surface wind speed retrieval from ASAR data in the coastal waters near Hong Kong. 相似文献
4.
This paper concerns the calculation of the wave crest height exceedance probabilities in fully nonlinear mixed sea states. The exceedance probabilities have been calculated by incorporating a fully nonlinear wave model into a Transformed Rayleigh method. This is an efficient approach to the calculation of wave crest exceedance probabilities and, as all of the calculations are performed in the probability domain, avoids the need for long time-domain simulations. The nonlinear mixed sea states studied include a swell dominated sea state, two wind sea dominated sea states, and two states of mixed wind sea and swell with comparable energy. The wave steepness influence and the finite water depth effects are also considered in the study. The accuracy and efficiency of the Transformed Rayleigh method are validated by comparing the results predicted using the method with those predicted by using the Monte Carlo simulation method, the theoretical Rayleigh method and some empirical formulas. 相似文献
5.
基于四种再分析资料的1988-2015年中国近海月均风速特征评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This study investigates the long-term changes of monthly sea surface wind speeds over the China seas from 1988 to 2015. The 10-meter wind speeds products from four major global reanalysis datasets with high resolution are used: Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform data set(CCMP), NCEP climate forecast system reanalysis data set(CFSR),ERA-interim reanalysis data set(ERA-int) and Japanese 55-year reanalysis data set(JRA55). The monthly sea surface wind speeds of four major reanalysis data sets have been investigated through comparisons with the longterm and homogeneous observation wind speeds data recorded at ten stations. The results reveal that(1) the wind speeds bias of CCMP, CFSR, ERA-int and JRA55 are 0.91 m/s, 1.22 m/s, 0.62 m/s and 0.22 m/s, respectively.The wind speeds RMSE of CCMP, CFSR, ERA-int and JRA55 are 1.38 m/s, 1.59 m/s, 1.01 m/s and 0.96 m/s,respectively;(2) JRA55 and ERA-int provides a realistic representation of monthly wind speeds, while CCMP and CFSR tend to overestimate observed wind speeds. And all the four data sets tend to underestimate observed wind speeds in Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea;(3) Comparing the annual wind speeds trends between observation and the four data sets at ten stations for 1988-1997, 1988–2007 and 1988–2015, the result show that ERA-int is superior to represent homogeneity monthly wind speeds over the China seaes. 相似文献
6.
The principal purpose of this paper is to extract entire sea surface wind＇s information from spaceborne lidar, and particularly to utilize a appropriate algorithm for removing the interference information due to white caps and subsurface water. Wind speeds are obtained through empirical relationship with sea surface mean square slopes. Wind directions are derived from relationship between wind speeds and wind directions im plied in CMOD5n geophysical models function （GMF）. Whitecaps backscattering signals were distinguished with the help of lidar depolarization ratio measurements and rectified by whitecaps coverage equation. Subsurface water backscattering signals were corrected by means of inverse distance weighted （IDW） from neighborhood non-singular data with optimal subsurface water backscattering calibration parameters. To verify the algorithm reliably, it selected NDBC＇s TAO buoy-laying area as survey region in camparison with buoys＇ wind field data and METOP satellite ASCAT of 25 km single orbit wind field data after temporal-spa tial matching. Validation results showed that the retrieval algorithm works well in terms of root mean square error （RMSE） less than 2m/s and wind direction＇s RMSE less than 21 degree. 相似文献
7.
A preliminary assessment of the sea surface wind speed production of HY-2 scanning microwave radiometer 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
HUANG Xiaoqi ZHU Jianhu LIN Mingsen ZHAO Yili WANG He CHEN Chuntao PENG Hailong ZHANG Youguang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(1):114-119
A scanning microwave radiometer（RM） was launched on August 16,2011,on board HY-2 satellite.The six-month long global sea surface wind speeds observed by the HY-2 scanning microwave radiometer are preliminarily validated using in-situ measurements and WindSat observations,respectively,from January to June 2012.The wind speed root-mean-square（RMS） difference of the comparisons with in-situ data is 1.89 m/s for the measurements of NDBC and 1.72 m/s for the recent four-month data measured by PY30-1 oil platform,respectively.On a global scale,the wind speeds of HY-2 RM are compared with the sea surface wind speeds derived from WindSat,the RMS difference of 1.85 m/s for HY-2 RM collocated observations data set is calculated in the same period as above.With analyzing the global map of a mean difference between HY-2 RM and WindSat,it appears that the bias of the sea surface wind speed is obviously higher in the inshore regions.In the open sea,there is a relatively higher positive bias in the mid-latitude regions due to the overestimation of wind speed observations,while the wind speeds are underestimated in the Southern Ocean by HY-2 RM relative to WindSat observations. 相似文献
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南黄海浒苔漂移轨迹年际变化规律及驱动因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
综合利用环境卫星(HJ-1A/1B)CCD影像与MODIS影像,对2011-2017年南黄海海域浒苔信息进行了提取,并结合QuickSCAT海风数据以及ESRL海温数据对浒苔生长及漂移路径的影响进行了分析。结果表明:(1)7年中利用遥感手段最初发现浒苔的日期为5月份,初始发现位置多集中在江苏省盐城市附近海域,且近7年浒苔漂移方向整体上向北,进入山东半岛海域。其中,浒苔中心点距离青岛海域最远约115km(2015年6月21日),最近约9.6km(2012年7月11日)。(2)浒苔中心点漂移方位年际差异较大,整体上浒苔漂移路径方向与海面风风向高度一致。(3)SST是浒苔暴发的关键环境因子,南黄海海域5—8月份SST逐月升高为浒苔生消过程提供了环境条件。 相似文献
10.
R. A. Heath 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3-4):497-515
Results are presented here of measurements of current velocity, temperature and salinity made at seven positions in McMurdo Sound (77° 50’ S, 166° 30’ E): four near the seasonal ice/fast ice boundary, two along the seasonal ice/sea boundary, and one in a channel in the sea ice. Current velocities were strongly influenced by tides with speeds greatest during periods of high tidal range. Current velocities changed rapidly in the upper 100 m and current speeds generally increased with depth to within 200 m of the bottom. In the lower 200 m current speed decreased towards the bottom. The mean circulation near the seasonal ice/fast ice boundary, found by eliminating the tidal variation, appears to consist of an inflow of water towards the fast ice at positions further than a mile (1.3 km) from Ross Island and a nett outflow from under the fast ice at positions closer than a mile (1.3 km) from Ross Island. 相似文献
11.
Sea ice growth and consolidation play a significant role in heat and momentum exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean. However, few in situ observations of sea ice kinematics have been reported owing to difficulties of deployment of buoys in the marginal ice zone (MIZ). To investigate the characteristics of sea ice kinematics from MIZ to packed ice zone (PIZ), eight drifting buoys designed by Taiyuan University of Technology were deployed in the open water at the ice edge of the Canadian Basin. Sea ice near the buoy constantly increased as the buoy drifted, and the kinematics of the buoy changed as the buoy was frozen into the ice. This process can be determined using sea ice concentration, sea skin temperature, and drift speed of buoy together. Sea ice concentration data showed that buoys entered the PIZ in mid-October as the ice grew and consolidated around the buoys, with high amplitude, high frequency buoy motions almost ceasing. Our results confirmed that good correlation coefficient in monthly scale between buoy drift and the wind only happened in the ice zone. The correlation coefficient between buoys and wind was below 0.3 while the buoys were in open water. As buoys entered the ice zone, the buoy speed was normally distributed at wind speeds above 6 m/s. The buoy drifted mainly to the right of the wind within 45° at wind speeds above 8 m/s. During further consolidation of the ice in MIZ, the direct forcing on the ice through winds will be lessened. The correlation coefficient value increased to 0.9 in November, and gradually decreased to 0.7 in April. 相似文献
12.
The detailed reconstruction of the directional spectrum of wind waves from measurements of the wave field is an essential requirement for several applications, including the numerical modeling of wave evolution. Three reconstruction techniques that provide estimates of the directional distribution function D(f,θ), given the one-dimensional frequency spectrum, are compared using data from a coastal locality at the southern Brazilian coast. The techniques are the maximum entropy method (MEM), the Fourier Expansion Method using a cos2 type function (FEMcos) and the Fourier Expansion Method using a sech type function (FEMsech). The main patterns of the wave climate at the study site are qualitatively assessed. Three main sea states, including swell, transition between local sea and swell, and directionally bimodal wind sea, are identified. Time series from three events associated with the main sea states provide test cases for inter comparison of the three reconstruction techniques. Maximum entropy estimates of D(f,θ) provide results that are more consistent than those obtained from the two FEM techniques in all cases considered. 相似文献
13.
TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason Equatorial Sea Surface Slope Anomaly in the Atlantic in 2002: Comparison with Wind and Current Measurements at 23W 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
C. PROVOSt S. ARNAULt N. CHOUAIb A. KARTAVTSEFF L. BUNGE E. SULTAN 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(1-2):31-45
A time series of velocity profile in the upper 150 m of the equatorial Atlantic was gathered at 23W in 2002 within the PIRATA program. It constitutes the first time series of near surface current measurements simultaneous with altimetric data in the equatorial Atlantic. The surface slope anomaly along the equator is computed from satellite altimetry, and, as a proxy for the pressure gradient along the equator, compared with the wind and near surface current data. In a first step, a time series of the surface slope anomaly along the equator in the Atlantic is computed from the 10-year-long TOPEX/Poseidon sea level anomalies. A sensitivity study establishes the robustness of the calculation. Apart from a 15 cm bias, the equatorial sea surface slope anomalies estimated either from TOPEX/Poseidon or from Jason over the 6-month overlap (Feb.–Aug. 2002) do not reveal drastic differences. We produce two sea surface slope anomaly composite time series for 2002 (one with T/P data, the other with Jason data during the commissioning phase) and compare them to the wind and velocity data at 23W. As expected, the near surface velocity and depth of the upper limit of the equatorial undercurrent (EUC) are extremely well correlated with the surface pressure gradient anomaly. 10-year-long time series of altimetry-derived zonal sea surface slope anomaly and ECMWF ERA40 wind stress are also well correlated. They exhibit similar spectral content and similar anomalous years. This is a first step towards a full analysis of the EUC dynamics using altimetry, PIRATA data (near surface current and subsurface thermohaline structure) and model. These initial comparisons reinforce the utility of Jason measurements for continuing the 10-year and highly accurate TOPEX/Poseidon time series for study of equatorial signals. 相似文献
14.
A time series of velocity profile in the upper 150 m of the equatorial Atlantic was gathered at 23W in 2002 within the PIRATA program. It constitutes the first time series of near surface current measurements simultaneous with altimetric data in the equatorial Atlantic. The surface slope anomaly along the equator is computed from satellite altimetry, and, as a proxy for the pressure gradient along the equator, compared with the wind and near surface current data. In a first step, a time series of the surface slope anomaly along the equator in the Atlantic is computed from the 10-year-long TOPEX/Poseidon sea level anomalies. A sensitivity study establishes the robustness of the calculation. Apart from a 15 cm bias, the equatorial sea surface slope anomalies estimated either from TOPEX/Poseidon or from Jason over the 6-month overlap (Feb.-Aug. 2002) do not reveal drastic differences. We produce two sea surface slope anomaly composite time series for 2002 (one with T/P data, the other with Jason data during the commissioning phase) and compare them to the wind and velocity data at 23W. As expected, the near surface velocity and depth of the upper limit of the equatorial undercurrent (EUC) are extremely well correlated with the surface pressure gradient anomaly. 10-year-long time series of altimetry-derived zonal sea surface slope anomaly and ECMWF ERA40 wind stress are also well correlated. They exhibit similar spectral content and similar anomalous years. This is a first step towards a full analysis of the EUC dynamics using altimetry, PIRATA data (near surface current and subsurface thermohaline structure) and model. These initial comparisons reinforce the utility of Jason measurements for continuing the 10-year and highly accurate TOPEX/Poseidon time series for study of equatorial signals. 相似文献
15.
COARE算法估算海气界面热通量的个例对比分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文先对NCEP分析风、QSCAT/NCEP混合风、MM5中尺度模式分析风场进行了比对分析,发现具有高分辨率的QSCAT/NCEP混合风资料给出的高风速数值较好,但给出的高风速开始时间相对较早;NCEP分析风资料给出的高风速数值明显偏小;MM5分析风场较为可信,只不过模拟的高风速数值还是相对偏小.使用COARE算法（版本3.0）计算了四种资料情况下的渤、黄海海域一次冷空气大风过程的海表面湍流热通量,并与MM5诊断分析结果进行了对比分析.结果发现相同资料情况下,MM5结果跟COARE算法所算海气热通量（包括感热和潜热）在区域分布和时间变化规律上均较为一致,中、低风速情况下,结果比较接近;但是高风速情况下两者差异显著. 相似文献
16.
A Physically Consistent Speckle Model for Marine SLC SAR Images 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Migliaccio M. Ferrara G. Gambardella A. Nunziata F. Sorrentino A. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2007,32(4):839-847
A new physically based speckle model for marine single-look complex (SLC) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is here presented and investigated. The model allows using full-resolution SAR images instead of multilook SAR images, in which, at the expense of a coarser spatial resolution, the speckle is mitigated. The model is based on the three-parameters generalized-K (GK) probability density function (pdf). GK pdf is a suitable physically-based speckle model for marine SAR images ensuring a continuous and physically consistent transition among different scattering scenarios. This speckle model embodies Rayleigh, K, and Rice scattering scenes which are typical of marine scenes. The use of the three parameters, related to the GK pdf ones, is able to highlight the presence of both low backscattering areas and areas in which a small dominant scatterer is present. This is operationally interesting in SAR oil spill detection procedures. 相似文献
17.
This study aims at assessing the adequacy for describing bimodal sea states of different non-linear probability distributions that have been developed for single sea states. It is based on data collected at an offshore test basin. The measurements represent three bimodal sea states with individual unidirectional wave systems propagating at 60, 90 and 120 from each other. The wave spectra are separated into swell and wind sea components and the relative energy ratio between the areas under the associated spectral curves is estimated and is related with the statistics of the time series considered. Dependence is found between the normalized high order cumulants, which describe the non-Gaussian surface, and the predominant contribution of the wind sea energy. Furthermore, the probabilities of exceedance of the individual wave heights are estimated and compared with the Rayleigh model and with other models that take into account either the effect of spectral bandwidth or the effect of wave nonlinearities. The results are discussed with respect to three classes of sea states that reflect the relative contribution of swell and wind sea energy. 相似文献
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Rainfall effects on wind waves and turbulence are investigated through the laboratory experiments in a large wind-wave tank. It is found that the wind waves are damped as a whole at low wind speeds, but are enhanced at high wind speeds. This dual effect of rain on the wind waves increases with the increase of rain rate, while the influence of rainfall-area length is not observable. At the low wind speed, the corresponding turbulence in terms of the turbulent kinetic energy （TKE） dissipation rate is significantly enhanced by rain- fall as the waves are damped severely. At the high wind speed, the augment of the TKE dissipation rate is suppressed while the wind waves are enhanced simultaneously. In the field, however, rainfall usually hin- ders the development of waves. In order to explain this contradiction of rainfall effect on waves, a possibility about energy transfer from turbulence to waves in case of the spectral peak of waves overlapping the inertial subrange of turbulence is assumed. It can be applied to interpret the damping phenomenon of gas trans- fer velocity in the laboratory experiments, and the variation of the TKE dissipation rates near sea surface compared with the law of wall. 相似文献
20.
全球再分析海面风资料在波浪模拟和风能资源评估等研究中发挥着重要作用，但风场资料种类繁多，且准确性在不同海域差异较大，使用时需要进行适用性分析。本文基于欧洲中期天气预报中心的ERA5和ERA-Interim再分析风场，利用多个站点的实测数据，分析了其在中国近海的适用性，并将再分析风场输入FVCOM-SWAVE波浪模型，对比了它们在常风天和台风天对波浪模拟的效果。结果表明：（1）常风天条件下ERA5和ERA-Interim资料在中国近海表现相似，风速较实测值略偏大，均能基本反映海表面风场变化和平均风速分布，吻合度指标在各站点均超过0.9;(2) ERA5对台风的模拟显著优于ERA-Interim，能较好模拟台风风速结构，对不同台风模拟精度差异大，整体上会低估台风风速；（3）风场质量是造成波浪模拟误差的主要原因之一，ERA5和ERA-Interim均能较好地模拟常海况下的波浪变化情况，而在台风浪的模拟中ERA5更优，“双台风”现象对风速和波浪的模拟准确度影响大。 相似文献