共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Rosen Ivanov 《International journal of geographical information science》2018,32(12):2362-2385
This article presents an approach to computing K shortest paths in large buildings with complex horizontal and vertical connectivity. The building topology is obtained from Building Information Model (BIM) and implemented using directed multigraphs. Hierarchical design allows the calculation of feasible paths without the need to load into memory the topology of the entire building. It is possible to expand the graph with new connectivity on-the-fly. The paths calculated may be composed of traversable building components that are located inside the buildings or those that are both inside and outside buildings. The performance (computational time and heap size used) is optimized by using the appropriate collections (maps, lists and sets). The proposed algorithm is evaluated in several use-case scenarios – complete graphs and real building environments. In all test scenarios, the proposed path finding algorithm is faster and uses less memory when compared to the fast version of the Yen’s KSP algorithm. The proposed approach can be successfully used as a first level of coarse-to-fine path finding algorithms. 相似文献
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《Basin Research》2018,30(Z1):89-100
The migration of the lithofacies boundaries preserved in the sedimentary record is key to interpreting changes in depositional environments. Grain size is one of the most recognizable physical characteristics of lithofacies. The advance and retreat of grain‐size breaks, as a proxy for lithofacies boundaries (e.g. gravel–sand transition), is commonly attributed to variations in external controls (e.g. climate, sea level and tectonic subsidence). While most models of fluviodeltaic systems focus on predicting the response of the shoreline to these forcings, none have thoroughly incorporated the migration of grain‐size transitions (GST) that coevolve with the shoreline. We present a numerical delta evolution model that treats both the shoreline and GST as moving boundaries to provide quantitative understanding of the dynamic interaction between the downstream boundary (shoreline) and the upstream lithofacies boundaries (GSTs) of the fluviodeltaic system under relative sea‐level rise. We tested a range of relative sea‐level rise rates in the model. The shoreline and GST gradually reduced their progradation rates and eventually retreated landward as the fluviodeltaic topset and foreset elongated. However, their timings of retreat were different, resulting in a counterintuitive case for a quicker retreat of GST while the shoreline still continued to advance. A series of scaled flume experiments with a sand and crushed walnut sediment mixture captured the same behaviours of these two moving boundaries. We found that GST experienced higher relative sea‐level rise (RSLR) rates than the shoreline. This additional RSLR rate scales with the downstream river slope and the shoreline progradation rate to cause earlier GST retreat in comparison to the shoreline. The fundamental understanding from this study of migration of both the GST and shoreline in fluviodeltaic systems will aid in accurately assessing the trajectories of GST in sedimentary strata as a proxy for environmental change. 相似文献
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Ikechukwu Maduako Monica Wachowicz 《International journal of geographical information science》2019,33(10):1915-1935
Modelling topological relationships between places and events is challenging especially because these relationships are dynamic, and their evolutionary analysis relies on the explanatory power of representing their interactions across different temporal resolutions. In this paper, we introduce the Space-Time Varying Graph (STVG) based on the whole graph approach that combines directed and bipartite subgraphs with a time-tree for representing the complex interaction between places and events across time. We demonstrate how the proposed STVG can be exploited to identify and extract evolutionary patterns of traffic accidents using graph metrics, ad-hoc graph queries and clustering algorithms. The results reveal evolutionary patterns that uncover the places with high incidence of accidents over different time resolutions, reveal the main reasons why the traffic accidents have occurred, and disclose evolving communities of densely connected traffic accidents over time. 相似文献
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Stéphanie Vanhove Veerle Fack 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(6):1031-1050
We propose a simple and effective heuristic that allows fast generation of a large set of shortest path alternatives in weighted directed graphs. The heuristic is based on existing deviation path algorithms for exact k shortest paths. It precalculates a backward shortest path tree and thus avoids doing many shortest path computations, but as a result it does not necessarily find the exact set of k shortest paths. Computational results on real-world road networks are reported. Our tests show that the quality of the paths produced by the heuristic is most satisfactory: typically, the kth path found by the heuristic is less than 1% longer than the exact kth shortest path, for values of k up to 10,000. Moreover, the heuristic runs very fast. We also show how the heuristic can be enhanced to an exact k shortest paths algorithm, which performs well in comparison with the existing exact k shortest path algorithms. 相似文献
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《Basin Research》2018,30(Z1):15-35
Nearly all successions of the near‐shore strata exhibit cyclical movements of the shoreline, which have commonly been attributed to cyclical oscillations in relative sea level (combining eustasy and subsidence) or, more rarely, to cyclical variations in sediment supply. It has become accepted that cyclical change in sediment delivery from source catchments may lead to cyclical movement of boundaries such as the gravel front, particularly in the proximal segments of sediment‐routing systems. In order to quantitatively assess how variations in sediment transport as a consequence of change in relative sea‐level and surface run‐off control stratigraphic architecture, we develop a simple numerical model of sediment transport and explore the sensitivity of moving boundaries within the sediment‐routing system to change in upstream (sediment flux, precipitation rate) and downstream (sea level) controls. We find that downstream controls impact the shoreline and sand front, while the upstream controls can impact the whole system depending on the amplitude of change in sediment flux and precipitation rate. The model implies that under certain conditions, the relative movement of the gravel front and shoreline is a diagnostic marker of whether the sediment‐routing system experienced oscillations in sea level or climatic conditions. The model is then used to assess the controls on stratigraphic architecture in a well‐documented palaeo‐sediment‐routing system in the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway of North America. Model results suggest that significant movement of the gravel front is forced by pronounced (±50%) oscillations in precipitation rate. The absence of such movement in gravel front position in the studied strata implies that time‐equivalent movement of the shoreline was driven by relative sea‐level change. We suggest that tracking the relative trajectories of internal boundaries such as the gravel front and shoreline is a powerful tool in constraining the interpretation of stratigraphic sequences. 相似文献
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On small-meso scale,the sea ice dynamic characteristics are quite different from that on large scale.To model the sea ice dynamics on small-meso scale,a new elastic-viscous-plastic(EVP) constitutive model and a hybrid Lagrangian-Eulerian (HLE) numerical method are developed based on continuum theory.While a modified discrete element model(DEM) is introduced to model the ice cover at discrete state.With the EVP constitutive model,the numerical simulation for ice ridging in an idealized rectangular basin is carried out and the results are comparable with the analytical solution of jam theory.Adopting the HLE numerical model,the sea ice dynamic process is simulated in a vortex wind field.The furthering application of DEM is discussed in details for modeling the discrete distribution of sea ice.With this study ,the mechanical and numerical models for sea ice dynamics can be improved with high precision and computational efficiency. 相似文献
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为保障我国第四次北极科学考察的顺利开展,于2010年6～8月开展了北极海冰预报预测服务。预报试验基于MITgcm （麻省理工学院通用环流模式）,以NCEP GFS（美国国家环境预测中心全球预报系统）资料为大气强迫,初始化分别使用美国冰雪中心SSM/I（专用微波成像仪）或德国不莱梅大学AMSR-E（地球观测系统先进微波扫描辐射计）北极海冰密集度卫星资料。对2010年6～8月预报结果的初步评估表明,预报结果同卫星观测资料比较一致。在发生快速海冰变化的太平洋扇区,预报结果优于惯性预报,表明模式具有较好的局地海冰数值预报能力。 相似文献
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M. Mainguenaud 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(6):575-593
Abstract This paper presents a data model to manage networks with a Geographical Information System with some consideration of the path operator. The data model is based on the merge of graph theory concepts and the object-oriented paradigm. The introduction of the Master_nodes (with respect to Master_edges) allows definition of a node (with respect to an edge) as an abstraction of a sub-network. A network can be defined using several levels of definition (detail) following the importance of the nodes (with respect to the edges) within an application. The object-oriented concepts are applied to both the alphanumerical data part and to the modelling part of the topology of the graph. The data manipulation operators are basic operators. These operators are the union, an intersection and a difference. More elaborated operators, such as under constraints paths, are obtained by combining these basic operators. We present some considerations of the path operator in a GIS context and introduce the concept of the ‘Open Graph Assumption’ and the notion of direction. These notions take full advantage of the data model and represent an alternative way of defining the path operator. This modelling is well adapted to take account of multi-level networks (i.e., the definition of a view in the context of a multi-user configuration or cartographic generalization). 相似文献
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基于全球潮汐和浪涌再分析数据集,利用数字高程模型在ArcGIS空间分析工具支持下,提取了中国大陆沿海11个省市海平面上升可能淹没范围,结合人口、经济、土地利用数据构建海平面上升风险暴露度评估模型,评估中国大陆沿海地区海平面上升风险的人口和经济暴露度。结果表明：① 海平面上升风险可能淹没范围主要集中在长三角及苏北沿海、珠三角和环渤海等滨海平原地区,其中可能淹没范围最大的是江苏、上海等长三角地区;土地利用类型中受影响最严重的为耕地,约占受影响总面积的65%,其次为建设用地;② 基于2015年人口、经济统计数据,随着海平面上升水位值重现期的变化（10 a一遇至1000 a一遇）,海平面上升风险影响的人口和经济总量逐渐增加;对海平面上升风险暴露度而言,广州是暴露度等级最高的城市,高暴露度等级的区域仍集中于长三角及苏北沿海、珠三角、环渤海地区;③ 基于5种共享社会经济路径预估的人口和经济统计数据,随着海平面上升水位值重现期的变化,2025年和2100年受影响的人口、经济总量在不同路径下均呈增长趋势,常规发展路径下受影响的人口和经济总量最大,局部或不一致发展路径和不均衡发展路径下受影响的人口、经济低于其他3种路径;从重现期角度看,10 a一遇至1000 a一遇海平面上升风险的人口、经济暴露度向高暴露度等级转移;对比2025和2100年两时段的人口、经济暴露度,2100年的暴露度等级整体低于2025年。 相似文献
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基于"产业—企业—空间"的沈阳市经济韧性特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新常态背景下,东北地区与其他区域相比经济下行明显,适应能力较差,即区域经济韧性较弱。产业和企业是区域宏观经济的中微观载体,有助于揭示区域宏观经济韧性的中微观特征,却鲜少有研究。本文从宏观经济增量、中观产业增量及结构变化和微观企业空间动态,分析了1978年以来沈阳市经济韧性的特征。研究发现：① 在全国经济周期影响下,沈阳市经济韧性的变化呈现出“弱—强—弱”的周期性特征,主要是受第二产业韧性的波动变化影响。以支柱产业演替为代表的新老路径产业的韧性变化差异明显,其中老路径产业中机械产业韧性的“强—弱”变化对第二产业的韧性变化影响较大,其韧性减弱主要是由自身竞争力不足造成的。② 在全国经济“增速换挡”放缓的影响下,企业存活率的结果表明,老路径产业企业的韧性强于新路径产业企业的韧性;除食品产业外,其余产业老企业的韧性都强于新企业的韧性。另外初步发现,老路径产业和新路径产业中的电子等技术密集型制造业的新进入企业表现出对中心城区的“空间”路径依赖性,“空间集聚”对企业存活存在正向积极作用。 相似文献
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AbstractIn this paper, we describe and analyze the co-management institutional framework at 21 Brazilian Marine Extractive Reserves (MERs) and present the dramas of its implementation from the local manager’s perspective. We categorized the governance instruments of MERs into (i) instruments for land/sea tenure and beneficiaries’ recognition, (ii) territorial use planning, (iii) institutional arenas for discussion and deliberation, as well as (iv) public policies. Although the legal arrangements of these protected areas address fundamental dimensions of governance, we present the challenges of its implementation based on the voice of local managers. The managers are the bridge between the central government and communities, dealing with the implementation of the institutional framework in a reality of multi-level and multi-scale drama: from local to national dilemmas, from organizational to structural ones. We explore these dramas and highlight the institutional dilemmas based on the paradoxes between legalism and social emancipation. 相似文献
13.
脆弱性的概念及其评价方法 总被引：40，自引：3，他引：37
脆弱性研究是全球变化及可持续性科学领域关注的热点问题和重要的分析工具, 随着脆弱性研究受到越 来越多的关注, 对脆弱性的概念和评价方法的研究日益深入。对国内外相关研究中出现的脆弱性概念进行了归纳 总结, 并深入讨论了不同学者就脆弱性概念初步达成的共识及存在的分歧, 在此基础上明确了脆弱性概念的内涵。 依据脆弱性评价的思路, 将国内外脆弱性研究中出现脆弱性评价方法分为五大类, 分析了各种评价方法的优缺点, 指出了脆弱性评价中应遵循的基本原则。最后, 结合脆弱性研究的发展趋势, 指出面向多重扰动的脆弱性评价、耦 合系统的脆弱性评价、复杂系统的不确定问题、脆弱性评价的尺度问题等是目前脆弱性评价研究中亟待开展的研 究内容。 相似文献
14.
John J. Bartholdi III Paul Goldsman 《International journal of geographical information science》2013,27(6):489-522
We describe how to create a continuous global index of the surface of the Earth. The index is based on a hierarchical subdivision of the surface into triangular regions in which each region is assigned a numerical label according to a spacefilling curve. Sequential labels are assigned to adjacent regions, so labels can be sorted to create a continuous one-dimensional index. Benefits of continuity include the implicit preservation of adjacency information, and the ability to vary resolution at different locations. Previously suggested schemes based on similar models produce indices that are discontinuous. Unfortunately, discontinuities degrade the usefulness of an index, as we show by comparing continuous and discontinuous schemes based on performance criteria such as the ability to preserve spatial adjacency. The best index appears to be the continuous one based on the Sierpinski spacefilling curve. 相似文献
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The Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) opens new development opportunities for Russia in general, and its Eastern regions in particular, via larger-scale and multi-level international cooperation. The eastern regions of Russia, rich in natural resources, have traditionally focused on resource extraction. In the context of the SREB, the issues of environmental security in Eastern Russia come to the fore. Here, we propose tools for ‘diagnosis’ if a chosen path of regional economic development proceeds according to the concept of a green economy. We use different indicators based on eco-intensity. We determine ecological-economic development trends in the Eastern border regions of Russia at the initial stage of the Silk Road Economic Belt formation to serve as a starting point and guideline for development processes within the SREB. If cooperation is directed to implementing the best Chinese production chains, significant improvements in the quality of economic growth in Russia will be achieved. 相似文献
18.
河口分汊的定量表达及其基本模式 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文归纳出河口汊道间的四种交接方式:叉、合、结和口以及相应的十三种联线。并引入拓扑学中有关概念,定量表达点和线间关系。在分析河口汊道体系的拓扑学性质后,重新定义再结合因子,指出其与各种点和线、河口三角洲面积、河口汊道体系的外角等,均有一定的相关关系。在天然河口汊道体系中,最多出现的是点和口,其次是合和结;最多出现的线是fj,ff和fo,最少出现的是kk和ko线。最后,根据成因、形态和冲演特性相结合的原则,将河口分汉分成四个基本模式;少汊型、多汊型、河网型和游荡型分汊河口。并运用分汊河道体系的定量表示法,分析了各分汊模式河口汉道体系的拓扑学性质。 相似文献
19.
William P. O'Connor Benjamin Fong Chao Dawei Zheng & Andrew Y. Au 《Geophysical Journal International》2000,142(2):620-630
We conduct numerical simulations of the wind forcing of sea level variations in the North Sea using a barotropic ocean model with realistic geography and bathymetry to examine the forcing of the 14 month 'pole tide', which is known to be anomalously large along the Denmark–Netherlands coast. The simulation input is the monthly mean surface wind stress field from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis for the 40 year period 1958–1997. The ocean model output sea level response is then compared with 10 coastal tide gauge records from the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) over the same period of time. Besides the strong seasonal variations, several prominent quasi-periodicities exist near 7 years, 3 years, 14 months, 9 months and 6.5 months. Correlations and spectral analyses show remarkable agreement between the model output and the observations, particularly in the 14 month, or Chandler, period band. The latter indicates that the enhanced pole tide found in the North Sea along the Denmark–Netherlands coast is actually the coastal set-up response to wind stress forcing with a periodicity of around 14 months. We find no need to invoke a geophysical explanation involving resonance enhancement of the pole tide in the North Sea to explain the observations. 相似文献
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There is now strong evidence that stratal geometries on basin margins are most likely a consequence of multiple controls, not just variations in accommodation. Consequently, correct sequence stratigraphic interpretation of stratal geometries requires an understanding of how multiple different controls may generate similar geometries. Using a simple numerical stratigraphic forward model, we explore the impact of time variable sediment supply and different sediment transport rates on stratal geometries. We demonstrate how four common types of stratal geometry can form by more than one set of controlling parameter values and are thus likely to be non‐unique, meaning that there may be several sets of controlling factors that can plausibly explain their formation. For example, a maximum transgressive surface can occur in the model due to an increase in rate of relative sea‐level rise during constant sediment supply, and due to a reduction in rate of sediment supply during a constant rate of relative sea‐level rise. Sequence boundaries, topset aggradation and shoreline trajectories are also examples of non‐unique stratal geometries. If the model simulations in this work are sufficiently realistic, then the modelled stratal geometries are important examples of non‐uniqueness, suggesting the need for a shift towards sequence stratigraphic methods based on constructing and evaluating multiple hypotheses and scenarios. 相似文献