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General approximate analytical solutions are developed for one-dimensional consolidation with consideration of the threshold gradient under a time-dependent loading. A comparison is made between the present solution and some available numerical solutions for a particular case, and the results show that the approach employed in this article is reasonable. The influence of the threshold gradient and the loading period on consolidation behaviour is investigated, and the results show that the moving boundary of seepage moves downward gradually. The greater the threshold gradient is, the slower the boundary moves. The excess pore pressure will not be completely dissipated at the end of consolidation, and the larger the threshold gradient is, the greater the residual excess pore pressure is. The average degree of consolidation considering the threshold gradient defined by settlement is different from that defined by pore pressure. Moreover, the greater the threshold gradient is, the larger the average degree of consolidation in terms of strain, whereas the smaller the average degree of consolidation in terms of stress. It is also shown that the longer the loading period is, the longer the time moving boundary takes to reach the bottom of the layer, and the greater the average degree of consolidation is. 相似文献
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实际工程中通常为未经处理的天然非均质地基。低水力坡降下黏性土中渗流存在起始水力坡降的现象也逐渐被认可,但能考虑起始水力坡降的非均质地基固结模型鲜见报道。基于具有起始水力坡降的渗流模型,考虑实际中的变荷载,对压缩模量和渗透系数随深度变化的非均质地基固结问题展开研究。通过压缩模量随深度增加及渗透系数随深度减小考虑天然地基的非均质性,进而建立了单层非均质地基一维固结模型。分析了起始水力坡降i0,非均质地基参数?、x、? 和p对非均质地基固结特性的影响。结果表明：考虑起始水力坡降后非均质地基中孔压消散速率变慢,地基沉降以及固结速率随之降低;固结速率与参数?、x成正比,而地基的最终沉降量与之成反比;参数? 越大,p越小,固结速率越快,但渗透系数仅改变地基的沉降速率,不会影响非均质土层的最终沉降量。 相似文献
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天然软土成层分布特性及土中渗流存在起始水力坡降的现象已被人们熟知。但变荷载下能同时考虑黏土中起始水力坡降、软土非线性压缩渗透特性及大应变特性的双层地基固结理论还鲜见报道。在拉格朗日坐标系中建立以超静孔压为变量的双层软土地基大应变非线性固结模型并给出其有限差分解。通过与考虑起始水力坡降的单层地基大应变非线性固结数值计算结果对比,验证了差分解的可靠性。着重分析了上、下土层起始坡降无量纲参数R1、R2对双层地基固结性状的影响,分析在大应变与小应变假定下双层地基超静孔压消散及固结沉降变形的异同。结果表明：上层土无量纲参数R1对双层地基固结性状的影响程度较下层土无量纲参数R2显著;大应变假定下双层地基渗流前锋的下移速度要快于小应变假定下的移动速度;大应变假定下考虑起始水力坡降的双层软土地基超静孔压消散速率要比小应变假定下快,且大应变假定下考虑起始水力坡降的双层地基最终沉降量要比小应变假定下大。 相似文献
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During the process of one‐dimensional consolidation with a threshold gradient, the seepage front moves downward gradually, and the problem is indicated as a Stefan problem. The novel feature in this Stefan problem is a latent heat that varies inversely with the rate of the moving boundary. An exact solution for the external load that increases in proportion to the square root of time is constructed using the similarity transformation technique. Computational examples concerning the effect of different parameters on the motion of the seepage front are presented. The exact solution provides a worthwhile benchmark for verifying the accuracy of numerical and approximate methods. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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循环荷载作用下黏弹性地基一维固结性状研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对单层黏弹性地基模型,对循环荷载作傅立叶级数展开,由固结方程求得循环荷载作用下不透水（透水）边界饱和软黏土一维固结解析解。通过不同渗透系数、黏滞系数和弹性模量以及黏弹性与弹性不同地基模型比较等对有效应力的影响,进行了固结性状分析。结果表明、在循环荷载作用下地基中各点的有效应力并不随荷载的变化而同步变化,而是按一定规律滞后发展;有效应力最终达到一个稳定状态,每一个加载卸载循环下有效应力幅值在一个振荡周期的平均值变化趋近于0;软黏土的流变特性对固结的影响主要发生在中、后期。 相似文献
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Compacted clay liner plays a crucial role in preventing leakage and migration of pollutants. Clay often appears in Non-Darcy phenomenon, one of which is characterized by having the threshold gradient. The threshold gradients exhibited by different clays are usually quite different. The reason for the discrepancy is currently unknown. To solve this problem, the mineral compositions of two clays were selected for test. The tests included threshold gradient, aperture and the pore water content. The test results showed that kaolin-based Clay A had no threshold gradient, whereas illite and Montmorillonite-based Clay B presented the threshold gradient that decreased with the increase of the porosity. For the samples mixed with Clay A and Clay B, the values of the threshold gradient increased with increasing the content of Clay B in the mixed samples. The reason is that the porosity and mineral content can affect the bound water content. If the value of pF is greater than 3.8, the bound water is gelatinous “immobile water”. Based on the water retention curves, the effective porosity can be obtained by subtracting the volume occupied by “immobile water” from the void of the soil particles. Then the modified effective aperture can be obtained by Hangen-Poiseuille law. The modified effective aperture will decrease with the decrease in the porosity and the increase of the content of illite and montmorillonite. This is the key reason why the different clays have different values of the threshold gradients. 相似文献
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在土中渗流遵循非达西渗流定律的前提下,考虑软土在固结过程中的非线性固结特性,根据饱和土体一维固结的连续条件,推导出基于非达西渗流的软土一维非线性固结控制方程。利用半解析方法对其进行求解,并与差分计算结果进行对比,验证半解析方法的可靠性。最后,着重分析非达西渗流与达西定律之间非线性固结性状的差别,以及不同自重应力分布方式对固结速率的影响。结果表明,考虑非达西渗流下的非线性固结速率比达西定律下要慢,且指数和临界水力坡降越大,非线性固结速率越慢。而且,作用的外荷载越小、地基土层越厚,非达西渗流下非线性固结速率的减慢愈明显。自重应力均匀分布下的非线性固结速率要比自重应力线性分布下慢,但随着荷载的增大、土层的变薄,两者之间的差别会越来越小。 相似文献
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温度的变化会导致土体的物理力学性质改变,且在一些实际工程中,饱和黏土会处于非等温分布状态。为此,针对非等温分布条件下饱和黏土的一维固结问题,考虑了更具普遍性的半透水边界,通过某些假定推导了单级线性加荷形式下饱和黏土一维固结控制方程,并利用分离变量法求解得到了控制方程的解析解。通过将所提解析解分别与已有解析解和有限差分解展开对比分析,验证了所提解答的正确性。基于所提解析解,利用某一算例分析了温度梯度、半透水边界参数及加荷时间对固结性状的影响。结果表明：温度梯度 M 越大,土体的渗透性越大,土体的固结速率越快;半透水边界参数 R1和 R2越大,相同时间内土体的超孔隙水压力越小,土体的平均固结度越大;土体的平均固结度随加荷时间 tc 的增大而减小,这主要是由于加荷阶段所施加的外荷载小于最终荷载,但加荷时间tc的延长可一定程度减小土体中产生的最大超孔隙水压力。 相似文献
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Direct, partitioned, and projected (conjugate gradient‐like) solution approaches are compared on unsymmetric indefinite systems arising from the finite element integration of coupled consolidation equations. The direct method is used in its most recent and computationally efficient implementations of the Harwell Software Library. The partitioned approach designed for coupled problems is especially attractive as it addresses two separate positive definite problems of a smaller size that can be solved by symmetric conjugate gradients. However, it may stagnate and when converging it does not prove competitive with a global projection method such as Bi‐CGSTAB, which may take full advantage of its flexibility in working on scaled and reordered equations, and thus may greatly improve its computational performance in terms of both robustness and convergence rate. The Bi‐CGSTAB superiority to the other approaches is discussed and demonstrated with a few representative examples in two‐dimensional (2‐D) and three‐dimensional (3‐D) coupled consolidation problems. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Summary Solving ventilation networks of natural air splitting is a classical problem in mine ventilation. A common approach to this problem is to formulate it based on Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws and obtain the solution by an iterative technique known as the Hardy Cross method. In this paper, it is shown that the problem can be formulated and analysed as an unconstrained optimization (minimization) problem. The computational experience with the method of conjugate gradients is also discussed. 相似文献
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Theory of one dimensional consolidation of two-layered soil with partially drained boundaries 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
In this paper, a fully explicit analytical solution is presented for one-dimensional consolidation of two-layered soils with partially drained boundaries. It can be shown that the available analytical solutions so far developed for one dimensional consolidation of soil are the special cases of the solution presented herein. According to the solution, some diagrams are prepared and the relevant consolidation behavior of layered soils associated with partially drained boundaries is discussed in detail. Furthermore, the applications of the solution are illustrated in an example problem. 相似文献
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用碎石桩对软弱土进行地基处理是一种常用的地基处理方法,桩间土的固结问题是碎石桩复合地基中非常关注的问题,该问题在不同假设条件下的研究也取得了大量成果。在考虑桩土模量比（即应力状态稳定时的桩土应力比）及碎石桩面积置换率影响的前提下,基于等应变假设,将任意变荷载转化为傅里叶级数,从而推导出了变荷载作用下碎石桩桩间土固结解析解,给出了任意时刻桩土承担的应力变化关系,对现有理论进行了合理的修正。通过算例与现有理论对比分析表明,本算法合理可行,当碎石桩面积置换率及桩土模量比比较大时应该考虑其对固结的影响。此外,根据上述理论对Carrillo假设进行了分析,证明竖向和径向固结分别独立考虑的假设并不精确,但得出的总体规律与实际较为接近。 相似文献
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岩爆是深部矿山开采亟待解决的安全问题,而应力梯度是影响岩爆的重要因素。为探究不同应力梯度的岩爆对围岩内部细观结构的影响,利用可实现三向六面加载及顶部梯度加载的气液复合型岩爆试验装置,对类岩体进行不同应力梯度条件下的岩爆物理模型加卸载试验,并借助扫描电镜对试件破坏面进行细观形貌特征分析。研究结果表明：不同应力梯度环境下试件岩爆的破坏现象与特征存在明显差异;试件所受的应力梯度越大,岩爆后的细观图像显示的晶体间孔隙越小,晶体的密实程度越高;不同应力梯度下试件产生剪切和劈裂破坏比例不同,应力梯度越大,剪切破坏比例越大;岩爆碎屑晶体轮廓具有分形特征,且随着试件所受的应力梯度的增加,其分形维数相对越大。 相似文献
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基于Terzaghi一维固结理论,分析了考虑半透水边界条件的分数阶导数黏弹性饱和土层在随时间变化的任意荷载作用下一维固结问题。首先,应用Laplace变换联立求解饱和土层一维固结微分方程和分数阶Kelvin-Voigt黏弹性本构方程,推导出有效应力和沉降在Laplace变换域内的解析解,采用Crump方法进行Laplace逆变换,得到了时间域内的半解析解。然后将本文得到的半解析解分别退化为半透水边界条件下基于黏弹性假设的一维固结半解析解和双面透水边界条件下基于分数阶黏弹性假设的一维固结半解析解,结果与已有文献的半解析解相同,验证了本研究所提出解的可靠性。最后通过算例分别考察了半透水边界参数、分数阶黏弹性模型参数和荷载参数对饱和土层固结沉降的影响。研究表明,半透水边界条件参数、分数阶次与黏滞系数主要影响饱和土层固结的发展快慢,而饱和土层的最终沉降量主要受到土层压缩模量的影响;另外,饱和土层的固结规律与外荷载变化规律一致。 相似文献
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This paper presents an exact analytical solution to fully coupled axisymmetric consolidation of a semi‐infinite, transversely isotropic saturated soil subjected to a uniform circular loading at the ground surface. The analysis is under the framework of Biot's general theory of consolidation. First, the governing equations of consolidation are transformed into a set of equivalent partial differential equations with the introduction of two auxiliary variables. These partial differential equations are then solved using Hankel–Laplace integral transforms. Once solutions in the transformed domain have been obtained, the actual solutions in the physical domain for displacements and stress components of the solid matrix, pore‐water pressure and fluid discharge can be finally obtained by direct numerical inversion. The accuracy of the numerical solutions developed is confirmed by comparison with an existing exact solution for an isotropic and saturated soil that is a special case of the more general problem addressed. Numerical analyses are also presented to investigate the influence of the degree of material anisotropy on the consolidation settlement. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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基于Liebmann电阻网络模拟原理,研究了饱和土体的一维固结问题,编制相应的Matlab程序进行一维固结计算分析。给出了电阻网络模拟中电压与固结过程中超静孔隙水压力的对应关系以及模型建立和程序编制的完整过程,并模拟了单、双面排水情形下的一维Terzaghi固结问题。模拟过程表明,利用Liebmann电阻网络模拟结果与解析解吻合得较好。分析了时间步距?t改变以及网格?z划分精细程度影响因素作用下,亦即收敛系数? 值改变时的模拟结果与解析解的差异;探讨了Liebmann电阻网络模拟在固结问题中的进一步推广应用。 相似文献
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The paper presents the finite volume formulation and numerical solution of finite strain one‐dimensional consolidation equation. The equation used in this study utilises a nonlinear continuum representation of consolidation with varying compressibility and hydraulic conductivity and thus inherits the material and geometric nonlinearity. Time‐marching explicit scheme has been used to achieve transient solutions. The nonlinear terms have been evaluated with the known previous time step value of the independent variable, that is, void ratio. Three‐point quadratic interpolation function of Lagrangian family has been used to evaluate the face values at discrete control volumes. It has been shown that the numerical solution is stable and convergent for the general practical cases of consolidation. Performance of the numerical scheme has been evaluated by comparing the results with an analytical solution and with the piecewise piecewise‐linear finite difference numerical model. The approach seems to work well and offers excellent potential for simulating finite strain consolidation. Further, the parametric study has been performed on soft organic clays, and the influence of various parameters on the time ate consolidation characteristics of the soil is shown. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献