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浅层反射地震方法是城市活断层探测常用的技术,但在基岩埋深比较浅的地区,往往只能识别出基岩顶面的反射波,而仅根据反射地震剖面上单个同相轴的变化很难准确判定断层是否存在.浅层地层的错断往往会引起速度的横向变化,利用高分辨折射地震方法采集的数据,应用层析成像方法获得的速度剖面,能够反映地下速度结构的变化,可以从另一方面揭示浅层断层存在的可能性.在四川某地,将这两种方法同时应用于活断层浅层地震勘探中.结果表明,两种方法联合应用可在一定程度上弥补浅层反射地震勘探方法在基岩埋深较浅地区的不足. 相似文献
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中国大陆下扬子及邻区地壳结构基本特征:深地震测深研究综述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
系统回顾了20世纪70年代以来在中国大陆下扬子及其邻区开展的深地震测深工程,总结了相关宽角反射/折射地震资料的波组特征及地壳结构的基本特征。下扬子及邻区深地震测深资料普遍具有较清晰的初至震波Pg、上地壳底界面反射波P1、中地壳底界面反射波P3、莫霍界面反射波Pm及上地幔顶部首波Pn,震相连续,易追踪对比。受浅表沉积盖层或基岩等的影响,Pg波常出现局部延迟滞后或走时超前现象。尤其是大别造山带个别炮点的反射能量较弱或同相轴扭曲、波形紊乱等,均与地壳内界面和莫霍面的深度突变或破碎有关。该区域地壳结构大致分为上、中、下3层,但视资料情况中地壳和下地壳又可进一步划分为2个亚层。华北地台和扬子地台地壳厚度30~36km,莫霍界面形态变化较缓,存在局部隆起,下地壳平均速度6.7±0.3km/s。但大别造山带下方地壳厚度32~41km,莫霍界面下凹且出现4~7km垂向错断,下地壳平均速度6.8±0.2km/s。 相似文献
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本文以实例介绍了用浅层反射波法杂找基岩地下水的地质效果，根据浅震勘察结果，在断层破碎带上布置钻孔，获得了满足需求的水质和水量。 相似文献
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简要介绍了在青藏高原拉萨市附近刘吾 -大佛寺间断裂的浅层地震勘探工作 ,并进行了初步的地质解释。结果表明 ,刘吾 -大佛寺间断裂所在区域的速度模型为 5层结构。第 1层至第 4层的介质深度从 0m变化到 2 6 0m ,P波速度 80 0～ 2 0 0 0或 2 80 0m/s,介质为第四纪或第三纪覆盖层 ;第 5层的介质P波速度在 30 0 0～ 4 0 0 0m/s以上 ,其CDP图像分布零散、没有形成较强的反射界面 ,推测该区域为花岗岩类的基岩区。根据反射波组的连贯性、间断性及位置 ,判定在浅层地震勘探剖面 32 0m处存在着刘吾 -大佛寺间断裂 ,它是 1条逆断层 ,倾向NE ,倾角 80°左右 ,其上端点出现在深约 10 0m处 相似文献
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用浅层折射和反射联合勘探方法在京－沪高速公路沂河桥址区进行隐伏断层和岩性垂直分带控测试验,试验是在宽约４００ｍ的水面上进行的。工作区第四系沉积层和下伏基岩对采用纵波速度作为探测物理量是敏感的,采用ＥＳ－２４０１高分辨率数字地震仪和“五小二高”的工作方法,全方位拾取折射和反射波信息,强化地质推断解释的可靠性,探测试验取得了良好的效果。 相似文献
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《应用地球物理》2020,(1)
喀斯特地貌等复杂地表地区的常规地震勘探一直面临着激发和接收条件差的难题。RVSP (Reverse Vertical Seismic Profile)地震勘探采用井中激发、地面接收的观测方式,能够一定程度上减少复杂地表对地震波传播的影响。本文通过数值模拟和实际资料分析指出:在岩溶发育的喀斯特地貌等复杂地表地区,浅层激发的地震波受各种多次波、面波和岩溶地质体的散射干扰作用,反射地震数据品质极低,且难以通过去噪方法提高信噪比。当加大激发深度,避开浅表层复杂地质体时,能够提高反射波品质。RVSP方法采用井中激发,正好具有上述潜在优势。根据其观测系统得特殊性,利永有效反射波与大部分干扰波存在的视速度差异进行滤波可进一步提高反射波信噪比。本研究在典型的喀斯特地貌地区开展了8孔联采3D-RVSP勘探研究,结果表明:在岩溶发育的复杂地表条件地区,3D-RVSP观测能够获得较高质量的反射地震资料;采用多孔联采的3D-RVSP方式,具有数据采集效率高、改善地下覆盖均匀性的特点;获得的成像结果分辨率高,能够对细小断裂构造进行精细刻画。 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,(4)
正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and 相似文献
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George W. Housner 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2008,7(2):I0001-I0001
Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study 相似文献
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JianCheng Shi 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(10):2281-2282
正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases 相似文献