共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
以高位泥石流、碎屑流区桩梁组合新型拦挡结构为研究对象, 在总结已有桩梁组合结构的基础上, 运用颗粒流分析仿真程序、通用显示动力分析程序分别对碎屑流冲击下单排、多排桩林及桩梁组合结构拦挡效果、不同位置桩梁组合结构拦挡效果对比模拟以及桩梁组合结构受力特征模拟研究, 探讨了拦挡结构阻挡后碎屑流堆积特征和结构应力传递特征。计算结果表明: 碎屑流中较大粒径颗粒与拦挡结构、两侧沟道边界接触形成的桩-巨石力链拦挡效应可有效阻挡、迟滞后续碎屑流运动, 桩梁组合结构桩-巨石力链拦挡效应最佳; 第一排桩和第二排桩之间改流区进一步抑制了碎屑流速度; 桩梁组合结构在设计布置位置时, 一方面要考虑在碎屑流启动、势动转换过程中尽早抑制碎屑流速度, 另一方面仍需重视库容的设计, 谨防跃顶造成部分碎屑流逃逸, 在上述二者之间选择最优解进行位置布置; 碎屑流巨石冲击桩梁组合结构时, 冲击应力将通过连梁分散传递到后排桩, 连系梁两端连接部分的应力几乎达到屈服强度, 需加强配筋。 相似文献
2.
滑坡碎屑流对拦挡结构的直接冲击常产生较高的峰值冲击力和冲击能量,导致结构发生破坏而失效;而导引结构通过改变碎屑流的运动路径,可减缓其冲击效应,提高结构抗冲击能力。文章运用三维离散元模拟软件,结合室内休止角试验的结果,校准数值模拟参数,以三种不同导引结构(凹型圆弧、直线型、凸型圆弧)为变量进行数值模拟分析。研究结果表明:凹型圆弧结构B1可以有效地将碎屑流颗粒的冲击力进行转化,结构所受的法向力最小,切向力最大,对颗粒的导引作用最大。经过三种不同导引结构后,颗粒与滑槽之间的碰撞和摩擦是导致颗粒动能减小的主要原因;而三种不同导引结构对颗粒动能的耗散效果无显著差异。导引结构的作用对于颗粒堆积体积分布有显著的影响,主要影响区是靠近坡脚处,对导引结构之后的堆积区域的颗粒体积分布影响不显著。通过对冲击效应和堆积特性的研究,得到凹型圆弧结构形式最优,可以为碎屑流的防护工程抗冲击设计提供参考。 相似文献
3.
软土地基中群桩稳定性分析是岩土工程的难点之一.通过对饱和软土地基中群桩贯入全过程的力学分析, 结合群桩效应与工作性能, 根据功能平衡原理, 建立了贯入过程中附加应力(含超静孔隙水压力)引起的耗散能量与外力做功、弹性势能三者的平衡关系; 同时, 针对饱和软土地基中高预应力管桩(PHC)的排土特性, 结合现行桩基规范, 分别给出了超静孔隙水压力势能、挤土耗散能、重力做功、超静孔隙水压力做功、摩擦耗能、土体弹性势能等的定量表达, 构建了PHC群桩贯入过程的能量耗散模型; 在此基础上, 导出了局部能量安全系数与整体能量安全系数.将上述模型应用于某工程PHC群桩基础的稳定性分析中, 并与数值模拟结果对比, 验证了该模型的合理可靠性, 对饱和软基中PHC群桩稳定性状态的判别具有一定指导意义. 相似文献
4.
青藏高原高山峡谷区常发育崩滑碎屑流,这种灾害具有发育边坡高陡、碎屑流高能且坡脚撞击剧烈等特点。为了解这种碎屑流的运动规律及其堆积特征,设计并建立了自由下落的碎屑集合体撞击与停积过程的模型实验装置。考虑撞击过程对碎屑流运动和堆积的影响,获取不同粒径大小、体积、下落高度条件下,碎屑集合体的运动与堆积图像和定量化数据,并据此观察分析碎屑流的运动规律和堆积特征。主要结论如下:（1）碎屑集合体底部首先撞击地面,随后颗粒挤压形成剪切面,颗粒在剪切面上进行扩散运动并最终堆积。（2）撞击阶段,颗粒之间显著的动量传递作用致使碎屑集合体前缘颗粒运动速度较快、距离更远,并产生离散堆积现象。（3）自堆积重心至边缘,碎屑集合体的堆积厚度逐渐减小;堆积形态在运动初期呈近圆形,最终形态呈近菱形;运动中的力学过程导致出现横向脊和X型共轭脊现象。（4）碎屑集合体的粒径越小,体积越大,其主体运动距离、主体覆盖面积越大以及运动速度越快;体积与最大堆积厚度呈正相关关系;下落高度越小,其最大堆积厚度越大,运动速度越慢,与主体覆盖面积大体上呈负相关关系。（5）体积条件对碎屑集合体的堆积特征影响最大,粒径大小其次,下落高度影响最小。该研究可为川藏铁路沿线的工程结构设计及碎屑流的防治工作提供理论基础。 相似文献
5.
岩石碎屑流运移堆积过程数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
岩石高速远程崩滑是一种特殊的、危害性很大的地质灾害,崩滑后期形成的高速岩石碎屑流具有很高的运移能力,破坏力极强。以岩石碎屑流为研究对象,重点模拟岩石碎屑流形成后,碎屑流的运移堆积过程和最大运移堆积距离。利用二维颗粒离散元数值模拟方法,建立碎屑流二维运动堆积模型,分析了岩石碎屑流初始高度、体积、加速斜面坡度、堆积底面摩擦系数以及堆积底面地表起伏程度对于岩石碎屑流最大运移堆积距离的影响。实验结果显示:岩石碎屑流运移堆积过程体现出了碎屑流物质的离散性和流动性; 碎屑流最大堆积距离随高度、体积、斜面坡度增大而增大; 随堆积底面摩擦系数、堆积底面地表起伏程度增大而减小。 相似文献
6.
滑坡碎屑流的能量演化机制涉及复杂的碰撞、摩擦和能量转化,对滑坡灾害的防治具有重要意义。以四川省三溪村滑坡为例,采用离散元法建模,研究了不同土颗粒粒径下滑坡的运动堆积特征、能量演化过程及其对建筑物的影响。结果表明,在不同粒径条件下,滑坡的堆积特征变化不大,但它们对能量转换和建筑物的冲击力有显著的影响。粒径越大,滑坡启动速度越快,峰值动能速度越高,碰撞耗散能量越大,摩擦耗散能量越少。粗粒土中颗粒间距越大,颗粒间的碰撞效应越明显,有利于能量传递,因此,对房屋的冲击力越大。因此,在模拟过程中不能忽视颗粒粒径对滑坡碎屑流动力学特征的影响。这些研究结果揭示了不同粒径土粒在滑坡运动过程中的能量演化机制,为能量演化对建筑冲击的影响提供了初步的认识,可为滑坡碎屑流的防治提供指导依据。 相似文献
7.
滑坡?碎屑流的远程运动距离是碎屑流体所能够达到的最大堆积距离,是灾害预警和评估的重要指标。通过总结已有碎屑流运动距离研究成果,从岩体势能入手开展研究,并结合量纲分析,首先建立了运动距离与势能之间的基本方程。其后,采用4种颗粒材料开展岩质碎屑流滑槽试验,研究碎屑体体积V、滑移区坡度?、碎屑粒径d以及最大垂直运动距离H等对碎屑流运动距离L的影响,通过逐步拟合回归,建立了基于势能的岩质滑坡?碎屑流最大水平运动距离的计算公式。最后,采用汶川地震触发的38个岩质碎屑流以及17个其他典型岩质滑坡碎屑流数据对计算公式进行了验证,结果表明,考虑该运动距离计算公式具有较好的可靠性,能够为山区滑坡?碎屑流灾害预警工作提供理论指导。 相似文献
8.
横向土运动作用下群桩的性状研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以有限元与有限差分相结合,对横向土运动作用下的群桩工作性状,产生群桩效应的临界桩距、桩数及排列、桩顶边界条件等影响因素作出分析;并对沿桩排的应力分布作出初步探讨。 相似文献
9.
沟道型滑坡-碎屑流具有隐蔽性强、危险性高、力学机理复杂的特点,研究其运动距离预测模型具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。本文基于遥感GIS技术,结合野外调查,获取了汶川地震触发的38个沟道型滑坡-碎屑流的基础数据。通过相关性分析确定沟道型滑坡-碎屑流最大水平运动距离L的影响因素从大到小依次是滑坡体积V、最大垂直运动距离H、滑源区高差Hs、沟道段坡度β。采用逐步回归方法建立了滑坡-碎屑流最大水平运动距离L的最优多元回归模型,检验结果表明模型具有较高精度。将最优多元回归模型与国际上应用较多的滑坡运动距离和泥石流运动距离预测模型进行对比,表明考虑滑坡体积、地形落差和沟道段坡度的运动距离预测指标体系,具有最高的拟合优度和较好的物理含义,可为沟谷山区滑坡-碎屑流危险性评价提供参考依据。 相似文献
10.
拦挡结构可以有效减小滑坡致灾范围、减弱致灾强度。文章以滑坡碎屑流为研究对象,通过对比模型试验和数值模拟结果,校正三维离散元模拟参数,进而研究不同坡脚角度和挡板高度对冲击力、最大水平运动距离的影响。研究结果表明:三个坡脚角度碎屑流冲击力的变化过程存在明显区别,坡脚角度为35°和45°时,冲击力时程曲线经历了两个显著的变化阶段:线性增大、线性减小。而坡脚角度为55°时,碎屑流冲击力时程曲线出现三个变化阶段:线性增加、恒力阶段、线性减小。挡板高度越高,恒力阶段的持续时间越短,冲击力线性减小阶段时间越长。小颗粒（2.5~10 mm）对挡板的冲击效应显著;中等颗粒（10~25 mm）随着挡板高度的增加,对挡板的冲击效应逐渐增大;而大颗粒（25~60 mm）作用在挡板上的冲击效应出现突变,与其他两种颗粒对比,整个运动过程冲击效应不显著。碎屑流的运程随着挡板高度的增加逐渐减小。对比三个坡脚角度下挡板的拦挡效果,坡脚角度α≤45°时,拦挡效果显著。 相似文献
11.
YuZhang Bi YanJun Du SiMing He XinPo Sun DongPo Wang XinPo Li Heng Liang Yong Wu 《Landslides》2018,15(5):1029-1043
In mountainous areas, channelized rock avalanches swarm downslope leading to large impact forces on building structures in residential areas. Arrays of rock avalanche baffles are usually installed in front of rigid barriers to attenuate the flow energy of rock avalanches. However, previous studies have not sufficiently addressed the mechanisms of interaction between the rock avalanches and baffles. In addition, empirical design approaches such as debris flow (Tang et al., Quat Int 250:63–73, 2012), rockfall (Spang and Rautenstrauch, 1237–1243, 1988), snow avalanches (Favier et al., 14:3–15, 2012), and rock avalanches (Manzella and Labiouse, Landslides 10:23–36, 2013), which are applied in natural geo-disasters mitigation cannot met construction requirements. This study presents details of numerical modeling using the discrete element method (DEM) to investigate the effect of the configuration of baffles (number and spacing of baffle columns and rows) on the impact force that rock avalanches exert on baffles. The numerical modeling is firstly conducted to provide insights into the flow interaction between rock avalanches and an array of baffles. Then, a modeling analysis is made to investigate the change pattern of the impact force with respect to baffle configurations. The results demonstrate that three crucial influencing factors (baffle row numbers, baffle column spacing, and baffle row spacing) have close relationship with energy dissipation of baffles. Interestingly, it is found that capacity of energy dissipation of baffles increases with increasing baffle row numbers and baffle row spacing, while it decreases with increasing baffle column spacing. The results obtained from this study are useful for facilitating design of baffles against rock avalanches. 相似文献
12.
Lai Qiyi Zhao Jianjun Huang Runqiu Wang Dujiang Ju Nengpan Li Qingmiao Wang Yunsheng Xu Qiang Zhao Weihua 《Landslides》2022,19(2):331-349
The Chada rock avalanche is a prehistoric high-elevation giant rock landslide located in the Boshula Mountains, Lhorong County, Southeast Tibet. It is composed of conglomerates with a volume of 6.62?×?106 m3 and has a height difference of 1450 m and a transport distance of 3155 m. The accumulational landform shows characteristics indicating rock avalanches. With a unique red conglomerate as the marker of landslide movement, we combined the results of geological surveys, aerial surveys, and engineering geological drilling to determine the entrainment and geomorphic features of the rock avalanche. The rock avalanche was divided into the main scarp, entrainment zone (residual deposit, mixed deposit, and impact fragmentation areas), transport zone (compressed, local landslide, and longitudinal ridge areas), and deposit zone. The sequence of deposits in the valley indicates that the rock avalanche formed before the first-stage terrace and after the second-stage terrace. Combined with 3D numerical simulation, four movement stages were obtained: (1) the rock mass was broken and disintegrated due to progressive failure, initiating high-speed sliding; (2) the sliding mass scraped the thick previous slope material and formed oblique ridges by forward extrusion and lateral friction; (3) the 4.95?×?106 m3 sliding mass was compressed and decelerated to form bending ridges, and the 1.67?×?106 m3 sliding mass continued to move through the channel; and (4) the sliding mass extended to form longitudinal ridges in the channel and hummocks in the valley. The rock avalanche accelerated three times and decelerated three times during its motion.
相似文献13.
冰-岩碎屑流是一种发育在高寒山区、含固态水的特殊碎屑流,具有超强的运动性。冰屑对提高冰-岩碎屑流运动性至关重要,但对其认识仍较为不足。通过对2000年易贡滑坡的灾史资料分析和野外调查,指出易贡滑坡启动时携带冰川冰体、运动时铲刮含冰碎屑物,而且具有规模大、冲出距离远的运动特性,是典型的冰-岩碎屑流。进而引入斜槽实验模拟岩土体上覆冰川冰体失稳下滑的过程,验证调查发现的堆积体前端坑洞群问题,探讨冰-岩碎屑材料冲出距离与含冰量、冰屑岩屑粒径比的关系。研究发现,冰屑可能包裹在碎屑流前端并全程参与碎屑流运动,在停积后由于融化而在堆积体上形成坑洞。被包裹的冰屑能够提高冰-岩碎屑材料的冲出距离,但含冰量较大时冰屑可能由于黏结成团、不易进入碎屑流内部而导致冲出距离变小。由此归结得到,冰屑提高碎屑流冲出距离的一个重要前提为冰屑进入碎屑流内部,当冰屑与岩屑的粒径比越小时冰屑越容易进入。这项研究工作为认识冰屑影响提供了坑洞调查法和斜槽实验法,研究成果有助于更为深入地认识冰-岩碎屑流运动特性的冰屑影响机理,为预防冰-岩碎屑流的远程致灾提供科学依据。 相似文献
14.
为了了解青藏高原察达高速远程滑坡的运动过程与形成机理,运用遥感测绘、无人机地形测绘和现场勘查资料对滑坡进行分区,对滑坡形成机理进行研究,并利用PFC2D数值模拟对地震工况下滑坡运动过程进行模拟.将察达高速远程滑坡分为源区,流通区和堆积区;数值模拟结果得到滑坡平均运动速度为15~20 m/s,运动时间150 s,最大运动距离为2 800 m.察达滑坡为地震条件下诱发的高速远程滑坡,源区砾岩对上部堆积体后缘铲刮推移,使得上部堆积体产生整体变形,其运动过程可分为崩滑→铲刮→滑移→堆积4个阶段. 相似文献
15.
滑坡-碎屑流物理模型试验及运动机制探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
滑坡-碎屑流由于高速、远程的特点常常引发灾难性事故,其复杂的运动机制导致预测致灾范围非常困难。通过开展室内模型试验,研究了碎屑粒径、滑床糙率和挑坎对运动特性的影响。试验结果发现,滑坡碎屑运动距离受控于前端碎屑,且随着碎屑的粒径增大而增加,增加滑床糙率、挑坎均可使碎屑的运动距离减小。在前人研究成果的基础上结合碎屑材料的力学特性探讨了滑坡-碎屑流出现流态化的原因和高速远程机制,即高速运动中颗粒间的作用力远小于完整岩体,因此颗粒间的“黏聚力”不能维持滑坡体的整体性,同时致使滑坡体与滑床接触的过程中传递至滑坡体内部的摩阻力减少,从而导致碎屑滑坡的远程结果。 相似文献
16.
Philip Deline 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2009,28(11-12):1070-1083
Rock avalanches are common in the Mont Blanc massif, which is bordered by valleys with large resident and tourist populations and important highways. This paper combines historical data with detailed geomorphological mapping, stratigraphic observation, and absolute and relative dating, to interpret several deposits resulting from rock avalanching onto glaciers.Nineteen rock falls and rock avalanches are described, ranging in volume from 10,000 m3 to 10 × 106 m3. They occurred between 2500 BP and AD 2007 at six sites. The events at three sites (Miage and Drus Glaciers, and Tour des Grandes Jorasses) are characterised by short travel distances; those at Brenva, Triolet, and Frébouge Glaciers exhibit excessive travel distances.Interactions between rock avalanches and glaciers are of four types: (i) rock-avalanche triggering, where glacial and paraglacial controls include debuttressing of rockwalls due to glacier thinning and retreat, oversteepening of rock slopes by glacial erosion, and effects of glaciers on permafrost; (ii) rock-avalanche mobility, in which mobility and travel distance are modified by channelling of rock-avalanche debris by moraines and valleys, incorporation of ice and snow (often >50% for large events), and irregularities on the glacier surface; (iii) deposit sedimentology, where melting of incorporated ice transforms the final deposit by reducing its thickness typically to <5 m, and debris of variable thicknesses is juxtaposed in a hummocky deposit with chaotic piles of angular rock debris; and (iv) glacier dynamics where insulating debris deposited upon a glacier produces a debris-covered glacier of different dynamics, and high elevated scars can favour the formation of small glaciers. 相似文献
17.
Disaster chains initiated by the Wenchuan earthquake 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Mengzhen Xu Zhaoyin Wang Lijian Qi Le Liu Kang Zhang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(4):975-985
The Wenchuan earthquake caused numerous landslides and avalanches, which initiated causal chains of geological and ecological
disasters. Field investigations and field experiments were performed in the earthquake area in 2008 and 2009 to study the
disaster chains. Four types of disaster chains have been identified and seven cases have been studied. In the disaster chains,
each episode was caused by the previous episode, or the causal episode. In the first chain, landslide created a quake lake,
which was followed by landslide dam failure flood and very intensive fluvial process. The last episode of the chain was loss
of habitats and destruction of aquatic biocommunities. The Tangjiashan and Huoshigou landslides initiated such a type of disaster
chain. The second chain consisted of landslide, drainage system burying, debris flows, and development of new drainage system
and intensive fluvial process. The Wenjiagou landslide initiated such a type of disaster chain. The third chain consisted
of avalanches, grain erosion (unusual erosion of bare rocks due to insolation and temperature change), slope debris flows,
and flying stones. Many such disaster chain events occurred on the mountains by the Minjiang River section from Yingxiu to
Wenchuan. The fourth chain has only two episodes: avalanches during the earthquake occurring on elevation between 100 and
800 m from the riverbed, and rock falls or new avalanches due to increased slope angle of high mountains (400–1,500 m from
the riverbed). The Chediguan bridge was broken by such avalanches in July 2009, in which six were killed and more than 20
were injured. For all the disaster chains, the volume of mass movement in each episode was much less than the causal episode
(previous episode). In other words, there was an attenuation along the causal chains. The attenuation factor is defined as
the ratio of the volume of mass movement or affected area in one episode of a chain to the volume or affected area in the
causal episode. The study concluded that the attenuation factor ranges from 0.02 to 0.3. Macroinvertebrates were used as indicator
species to evaluate the ecological effect of the disaster chains. The number of species was greatly reduced by the causal
chains, although the river section was not directly affected by landslides. 相似文献