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1.
运用十二烷基磺酸钠和聚羟基硅铝对蒙脱石进行改性后的柱撑蒙脱石,分别研究了溶液的pH值,初始浓度和反应时间对Cu2 ,Cr3 和Cd2 三种重金属离子的吸附性能、平衡模型和动力学过程。结果表明:十二烷基磺酸钠柱撑蒙脱石对三种重金属离子都具有很强的吸附能力,聚羟基硅铝柱撑粘土次之;柱撑后的蒙脱石对单组分的重金属离子的吸附平衡方程符合Langmuir模型;吸附行为的动力学符合假一级动力学方程。柱撑粘土吸附去除水中重金属离子的实验研究@刘云$华南理工大学环境科学与工程学院!广州,510640
@吴平霄$华南理工大学环境科学与工程学院!广州,5… 相似文献
2.
无机—有机柱撑蒙脱石对苯酚的吸附 总被引：55，自引：1，他引：54
分别用无机－有机改性柱撑蒙脱石对苯酚进行吸附试验,研究它们吸附苯酚的适宜条件圾吸附等温线（２５℃）,结果表明,用表面活性剂改性的柱撑蒙脱石,能大幅度提高对苯酚的吸附能力,柱撑蒙脱石对苯酚的吸附能力主要取决于改性粘土吸附剂的微孔结构和表面组分,而不仅仅依赖于表面积,经５００℃高温灼烧后柱撑蒙脱石柱结构及层间距（１．８３ｎｍ）稳定,因而柱撑蒙脱石可再生循环使用,是一种潜在的吸附环境污染物的物质。 相似文献
3.
酸改性蒙脱石对煤气废水预处理的试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据蒙脱石层间域的活性对其进行酸改性。对酸改性蒙脱石去除煤气废水中COD和色度的适宜条件、脱色机理进行了讨论。研究结果表明：天然蒙脱石经酸改性处理后,大幅度提高了对煤气废水中COD和色度的去除能力。在酸改性蒙脱石投加量为20g/L和pH6．5～7．5,处理时间30～40min,室温条件,静置时间7-8h,煤气废水COD和色度的去除率分别为69％～70％和76％。蒙脱石粘土可以为煤气废水预处理提供廉价高效的吸附剂。 相似文献
4.
锆铝基柱撑蒙脱土的制备研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以钠基蒙脱土为原料,采用共聚法合成锆铝基柱撑蒙脱土,并研究不同锆铝摩尔比例和不同NaOH的量对柱撑蒙脱土制备的影响。XRD研究表明,当锆铝摩尔比例为1：6、加入70ml0．4mol／LNaOH时,可得到（001）面网层间距达1．9343nm的锆铝基柱撑蒙脱土。通过FT—IR发现,锆铝聚合羟基阳离子进入蒙脱土层间,形成Si-O-Al和Si-O-Zr。对柱撑前后蒙脱土的比表面积和孔径结构进行分析,发现锆铝基柱撑蒙脱土具有较大的比表面积,较为均匀的孔径分布,是一种合适的催化和吸附材料。 相似文献
5.
6.
以钠基蒙脱石为原料,采用共聚法合成镍铝柱化剂,利用离子交换法制备镍铝基柱撑蒙脱石。通过研究不同镍铝物质的量比例和不同NaOH的量对柱撑蒙脱石制备的影响,并对其孔道结构进行探讨。XRD结果表明,当镍铝物质的量比为1∶6、加入75mlNaOH时,可得到(001)面网层间距达1.8940nm的镍铝基柱撑蒙脱石。FT-IR显示,镍铝基聚合羟基阳离子进入蒙脱石层间,柱撑蒙脱石的基本结构并未发生改变。对柱撑前后蒙脱石的比表面积和孔径结构进行分析,发现镍铝基柱撑蒙脱石比表面积为169.68m2/g,平均孔径为4.120nm,说明镍铝基柱撑蒙脱石具有较大的比表面积,较小且均匀的孔径分布,是一种合适的催化和吸附材料。 相似文献
7.
以钠基蒙脱石为原料,结合电位滴定曲线及特征临界点,将Al3+的转化划分为4种形态,并制备相应的柱撑蒙脱石。并采用X射线衍射分析、红外光谱分析及热分析对各柱撑蒙脱石进行表征,研究各柱撑蒙脱石的微结构变化及热稳定性。结果表明,Ⅲ区柱撑蒙脱石层间距d(001)值由原矿的12. 408 1 nm增加到18. 317 5 nm,同时,Ⅲ区柱撑蒙脱石Si—O伸缩振动峰强度减弱较明显,在542℃附近的蒙脱石八面体结构的脱羟基反应与原矿相比向低温区发生偏移,说明Ⅲ区柱撑蒙脱石发生了成键反应且柱撑效果最佳。 相似文献
8.
层柱粘土材料制备与应用研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
简述了层柱粘土矿物材料研究与应用的现状和进展。利用粘土矿物蒙脱石作母体，通过大体积的铝、锆、硅等交联剂插层可制成层柱多孔材料，在酸催化、氧化还原催化中均有十分广阔的应用前景。研究表明，改进制备工艺后可提高层柱蒙脱石的热稳定性、比表面积和催化活性；通过酸或表面活性剂等预处理，再进行粘土的支撑，可以调节和控制层柱粘土的结构与性能；采用有机改性和模板导向等技术，可获得孔径介于大微孔和中孔之间的新型层柱粘土矿物材料，并应用于大分子催化反应与吸附，为粘土矿物材料合成和应用开辟了新方向。 相似文献
9.
聚羟基铝柱撑蒙脱石吸附重金属离子实验研究 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
利用keggin离子对蒙脱石进行柱撑制得聚羟基铝柱撑蒙脱石,研究柱撑蒙脱石对Cu^2＋,Cd^2＋,Cr^3＋3种重金属离子的吸附。结果表明：未经焙烧的柱撑蒙脱石对Cu^2＋,Cr^3＋离子的吸附性要比原矿好,而经400℃下焙烧的柱撑蒙脱石对Cd^2＋则有更好的吸附性。用腐殖酸对柱撑蒙脱石改性能提高柱撑蒙脱石对3种重金属离子的吸附性能,柱撑蒙脱石对3种重金属离子的吸附量都随pH值的升高而增加。另外还对柱撑蒙脱石对3种重金属离子的吸附动力学进行了研究．发现其动力学吸附过程可用Elovicb方程和一级动力学方程进行较好的拟合。 相似文献
10.
通过铝盐与蒙脱石(Na-Mt)反应制备了铝柱撑蒙脱石(Al-Mt),同时采用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)对在不同温度(200~600℃)下煅烧获得的铝柱撑蒙脱石产物(At-Mt-X)进行表征。探讨Fe(Ⅱ)与Al-Mt-X所形成的复合系统对邻硝基苯酚(2-NP)的吸附-还原降解行为,包括铝柱撑蒙脱石的煅烧温度、煅烧铝柱撑蒙脱石的表面酸位变化以及溶液pH值等条件对邻硝基苯酚还原转化的影响。结果表明,由于随着煅烧温度的升高,煅烧铝柱撑蒙脱石表面酸性位点会逐渐减少,使得其对Fe(Ⅱ)的还原性能增强;煅烧温度高于500℃时,煅烧改性产物与Fe(Ⅱ)形成的Fe(Ⅱ)/煅烧铝柱撑蒙脱石复合系统显著提高了Fe(Ⅱ)物种的还原活性,因而有效增强对2-NP的还原降解。此外,Fe(Ⅱ)/煅烧铝柱撑蒙脱石复合系统对2-NP的还原降解符合准一级反应动力学方程,表观速率常数(k)随pH值和铝柱撑蒙脱石煅烧温度的升高而增大。作为一种功能性矿物材料,煅烧铝柱撑蒙脱石在缺氧环境下能有效促进吸附态Fe(Ⅱ)物种对污染物的还原降解,煅烧温度与pH值是其中两个重要的制约因素。 相似文献
11.
Yun-kai Ji Chang-ling Liu Zhun Zhang Qing-guo Meng Le-le Liu Yong-chao Zhang Neng-you Wu 《China Geology》2022,5(2):276-284
Understanding the pore water conversion characteristics during hydrate formation in porous media is important to study the accumulation mechanism of marine gas hydrate. In this study, low-field NMR was used to study the pore water conversion characteristics during methane hydrate formation in unsaturated sand samples. Results show that the signal intensity of T2 distribution isn’t affected by sediment type and pore pressure, but is affected by temperature. The increase in the pressure of hydrogen-containing gas can cause the increase in the signal intensity of T2 distribution. The heterogeneity of pore structure is aggravated due to the hydrate formation in porous media. The water conversion rate fluctuates during the hydrate formation. The sand size affects the water conversion ratio and rate by affecting the specific surface of sand in unsaturated porous media. For the fine sand sample, the large specific surface causes a large gas-water contact area resulting in a higher water conversion rate, but causes a large water-sand contact area resulting in a low water conversion ratio (Cw=96.2%). The clay can reduce the water conversion rate and ratio, especially montmorillonite (Cw=95.8%). The crystal layer of montmorillonite affects the pore water conversion characteristics by hindering the conversion of interlayer water.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office. 相似文献
12.
近年来美国和智利等国家新发现了大量赋存在粘土岩中的锂资源,该类锂资源主要是由火山灰蚀变而成。火山灰沉积水解形成的绿豆岩,广泛分布于我国西南地区,其是否存在锂的富集现象值得研究。笔者对重庆铜梁地区绿豆岩开展了调查研究,通过X射线荧光光谱仪和等离子质谱仪分析,发现绿豆岩中钾的平均含量为8.77%,锂的含量可达663×10~(-6),相当于0.14%的Li_2O含量,远高于固体、露采盐类矿的边界品位0.06%;稀土元素总量可以达到500×10~(-6),接近离子吸附型矿的边界品位。X射线衍射分析显示绿豆岩主要含有石英、长石和粘土矿物,其中粘土的主要成分为伊蒙混层和少量伊利石。伊蒙混层含量占比高的样品较占比低的样品Li的含量偏高。结合粘土及锂的物理化学特性,推断绿豆岩中的Li呈离子形态被粘土矿物吸附。如果这些锂资源能够被综合利用,势必将会产生巨大的经济效益。 相似文献
13.
The role of organic matter (OM) concentration, structure and composition and how these relate to mineral protection is important for the understanding of long term soil OM dynamics. Various OM–clay complexes were constructed by sequential sorption of lignin and dodecanoic acid to montmorillonite. Humic acid–montmorillonite complexes were prepared at pH 4 and 7 to vary OM conformation prior to sorption. Results obtained with constructed OM–clay complexes were tested with isolated mineral fractions from two soils. Oxidation with an acidic NaClO2 solution was used to chemically oxidize lignin in the OM–clay complexes, sand-, silt- and clay-size soil fractions to test whether or not it can be protected from chemical attack. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to analyze lignin-derived phenols, cutin OH–acid (after CuO oxidation), fatty acid and n-alkanol concentrations and composition. We found that carbon content was not solely responsible for lignin stability against chemical oxidation. Lignin was protected from chemical oxidation through coating with dodecanoic acid and sorption of humic acid to clay minerals in a stretched conformation at pH 7. Therefore, interactions between OM constituents as well as OM conformation are important factors that protect lignin from chemical oxidation. Lignin-derived phenol dimers in the Grassland-Forest Transition soil fractions were protected from chemical oxidation to a greater extent compared to those in Grassland soil fractions. Therefore, although lignin was protected from degradation through mineral association, the extent of this protection was also related to OM content and the specific stability of lignin components. 相似文献
14.
固体酸是７０年代末发展起来的一类新型的催化材料,对有机反应具有较强的催化活性,且副反应少,产物易分离,污染少［１］。粘土固体酸是以蒙脱石类粘土为基质材料,通过采用不同的物理或化学方法在不同的条件下调控层间域而制备的,其催化活性和选择性与其表面酸的类型、浓度及强度等有关［２］,为此我们采用离子交换法,以不同类型的阳离子为取代剂,在不同条件下取代交换进入蒙脱石层间,研究制备方法及条件对表面酸性的影响,并考察了催化性能。１ 实验部分１－１ 原料与试剂钠基膨润土（浙江临安产,主要成分为蒙脱石,用沉降法提… 相似文献
15.
Hongmei Liu Dong Liu Peng Yuan Daoyong Tan Jingong Cai Hongping He Jianxi Zhu Zhiguang Song 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2013,40(6):479-489
The effects of heating and cation exchange on the solid acidity of montmorillonite were investigated using n-butylamine titration in non-aqueous system and diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The number of total, Brønsted, and Lewis acid sites showed the same modulation tendency with increasing heating temperature, reaching a maximum at 120 °C and subsequently decreasing until it reaches a minimum at 600 °C. The Lewis acid sites result from unsaturated Al3+ cations, and their number increased with the heating temperature due to the dehydration and dehydroxylation of montmorillonite. The generation and evolution of Brønsted acidity were mainly related to interlayer-polarized water molecules. Water adsorbed on the unsaturated Al3+ ions also acted as a Brønsted acid. The acid strength of the Brønsted acid sites was dependent on the polarization ability of the exchangeable cation, the amount of interlayer water, and the degree of dissociation of the interlayer water coordinated to exchangeable cations. All cation-exchanged montmorillonites exhibited different numbers of acid sites and various distributions of acid strength. Brønsted acidity was predominant in Al3+-exchanged montmorillonite, whereas the Na+- and K+-exchanged montmorillonites showed predominantly Lewis acidity. Moreover, Mg2+- and Li+-exchanged montmorillonites exhibited approximately equal numbers of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites. The Brønsted acidity of cation-exchanged montmorillonite was positively correlated with the charge-to-radius ratios of the cations, whereas the Lewis acidity was highly dependent on the electronegativity of the cations. The acid strengths of Al3+- and Mg2+-exchanged montmorillonites were remarkably higher than those of monovalent cation-exchanged montmorillonites, showing the highest acid strength (H 0 ≤ ?3.0). Li+- and Na+-exchanged montmorillonites exhibited an acid strength distribution of ?3.0 < H 0 ≤ 4.8, with the acid strength ranging primarily from 1.5 to 3.3 in Li+-exchanged montmorillonite, whereas only weaker-strength acid sites (1.5 < H 0 ≤ 4.8) were present in K+-exchanged montmorillonite. The results of the catalysis experiments indicated that montmorillonite promoted the thermal decomposition of the model organic. The catalytic activity showed a positive correlation with the solid acidity of montmorillonite and was affected by cation exchange, which occurs naturally in geological processes. 相似文献
16.
Pyrolysis experiments were carried out on Monterey formation kerogen and bitumen and Green River formation kerogen (Type II and I, respectively), in the presence and absence of montmorillonite, illite and calcite at 200 and 300°C for 2–2000 hours. The pyrolysis products were identified and quantified and the results of the measurements on the gas and condensate range are reported here.A significant catalytic effect was observed for the pyrolysis of kerogen with montmorillonite, whereas small or no effects were observed with illite and calcite, respectively. Catalytic activity was evident by the production of up to five times higher C1–C6 hydrocarbons for kerogen with montmorillonite than for kerogen alone, and by the dominance of branched hydrocarbons in the C4–C6 range (up to 90% of the total amount at any single carbon number). This latter effect in the presence of montmorillonite is attributed to cracking via a carbonium-ion [carbocation] intermediate which forms on the acidic sites of the clay. No catalytic effect, however, was observed for generation of methane and C2 hydrocarbons which form by thermal cracking. The catalysis of montmorillonite was significantly greater during pyrolysis of bitumen than for kerogen, which may point to the importance of the early formed bitumen as an intermediate in the production of low molecular weight hydrocarbons. Catalysis by minerals was also observed for the production of carbon dioxide.These results stress the importance of the mineral matrix in determining the type and amount of gases and condensates forming from the associated organic matter under thermal stress. The literature contains examples of gas distributions in the geologic column which can be accounted for by selective mineral catalysis, mainly during early stages of organic matter maturation. 相似文献
17.
Significant amounts of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) rich saline water can be produced by the oxidation of sulfide minerals contained in inland acid sulfate soils (IASS). In the absence of carbonate minerals, the dissolution of phyllosilicate minerals is one of very few processes that can provide long-term acid neutralisation. It is therefore important to understand the acid dissolution behavior of naturally occurring clay minerals from IASS under saline–acidic solutions. The objective of this study was to investigate the dissolution of a natural clay-rich sample under saline–acidic conditions (pH 1–4; ionic strengths = 0.01 and 0.25 M; 25 °C) and over a range of temperatures (25–45 °C; pH 1 and pH 4). The clay-rich sample referred to as Bottle Bend clay (BB clay) used was from an IASS (Bottle Bend lagoon) in south-western New South Wales (Australia) and contained smectite (40%), illite (27%), kaolinite (26%) and quartz (6%). Acid dissolution of the BB clay was initially rapid, as indicated by the fast release of cations (Si, Al, K, Fe, Mg). Relatively higher Al (pH 4) and K (pH 2–4) release was obtained from BB clay dissolution in higher ionic strength solutions compared to the lower ionic strength solutions. The steady state dissolution rate (as determined from Si, Al and Fe release rates; RSi, RAl, RFe) increased with decreasing solution pH and increasing temperature. For example, the highest log RSi value was obtained at pH 1 and 45 °C (−9.07 mol g−1 s−1), while the lowest log RSi value was obtained at pH 4 and 25 °C (−11.20 mol g−1 s−1). A comparison of these results with pure mineral dissolution rates from the literature suggests that the BB clay dissolved at a much faster rate compared to the pure mineral samples. Apparent activation energies calculated for the clay sample varied over the range 76.6 kJ mol−1 (pH 1) to 37.7 kJ mol−1 (pH 4) which compare very well with the activation energy values for acidic dissolution of monomineralic samples e.g. montmorillonite from previous studies. The acid neutralisation capacity (ANC) of the clay sample was calculated from the release of all structural cations except Si (i.e. Al, Fe, K, Mg). According to these calculations an ANC of 1.11 kg H2SO4/tonne clay/day was provided by clay dissolution at pH 1 (I = 0.25 M, 25 °C) compared to an ANC of 0.21 kg H2SO4/tonne clay/day at pH 4 (I = 0.25 M, 25 °C). The highest ANC of 6.91 kg H2SO4/tonne clay/day was provided by clay dissolution at pH 1 and at 45 °C (I = 0.25 M), which is more than three times higher than the ANC provided under the similar solution conditions at 25 °C. In wetlands with little solid phase buffering available apart from clay minerals, it is imperative to consider the potential ANC provided by the dissolution of abundantly occurring phyllosilicate minerals in devising rehabilitation schemes. 相似文献
18.
Four smectites with different total Fe contents (two nontronites, one ferruginous smectite, and one montmorillonite) were
reduced to obtain a range of Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratios and their magnetic properties measured with a SQUID (superconducting quantum
interference device) as a function of applied magnetic field strength at 5 K and as a function of temperature in a field of
0.1 T. The unaltered nontronite and ferruginous smectite specimens showed antiferromagnetic coupling, whereas the coupling
in the reduced samples was ferromagnetic; the paramagnetic Curie temperature increased with increasing Fe(II) content. Data
collected after cooling samples in both the presence and absence of an external magnetic field of 0.1 T showed that at low
temperatures the reduced (ferromagnetic) nontronite and ferruginous smectite samples exhibit a memory effect of previous magnetic
field exposure consistent with superparamagnetic or spin glass behavior. The superparamagnetic/ferromagnetic transition temperature,
T
f
, increased linearly with increasing Fe(II) content for each of the nontronites, but the relationship between T
f
and Fe(II) content differed for different clays, thus demonstrating that T
f
is sensitive to isomorphous substitutions in the clay structure. The montmorillonite was paramagnetic in both oxidized and
reduced forms.
Received: 23 March 1999 / Revised, accepted: 27 August 1999 相似文献
19.
Study on the kinetics of iron oxide leaching by oxalic acid 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Suong Oh Lee Tam Tran Yi Yong Park Seong Jun Kim Myong Jun Kim 《International Journal of Mineral Processing》2006,80(2-4):144-152
The presence of iron oxides in clay or silica raw materials is detrimental to the manufacturing of high quality ceramics. Although iron has been traditionally removed by physical mineral processing, acid washing has been tested as it is more effective, especially for extremely low iron (of less than 0.1% w/w). However, inorganic acids such as sulphuric or hydrochloric acids easily contaminate the clay products with SO42− and Cl−, and therefore should be avoided as much as possible. On the other hand, if oxalic acid is used, any acid left behind will be destroyed during the firing of the ceramic products. The characteristics of dissolution of iron oxides were therefore investigated in this study.The dissolution of iron oxides in oxalic acid was found to be very slow at temperatures within the range 25–60 °C, but its rate increases rapidly above 90 °C. The dissolution rate also increases with increasing oxalate concentration at the constant pH values set within the optimum range of pH2.5–3.0. At this optimum pH, the dissolution of fine pure hematite (Fe2O3) (105–140 μm) follows a diffusion-controlled shrinking core model. The rate expression expressed as 1 − (2 / 3)x − (1 − x)2 / 3 where x is a fraction of iron dissolution was found to be proportional to [oxalate]1.5.The addition of magnetite to the leach liquor at 10% w/w hematite was found to enhance the dissolution rate dramatically. Such addition of magnetite allows coarser hematite in the range 0.5–1.4 mm to be leached at a reasonable rate. 相似文献
20.
颗石藻是海洋中广泛分布的超微型浮游藻,经生物矿化作用形成的碳酸钙质颗石,在古海洋学研究中具有重要意义。海洋粘土矿物与有机质的有机-无机相互作用在全球碳循环中扮演着重要角色。本文选取广泛分布于海洋的赫氏颗石藻Emiliania huxleyi与海洋粘土矿物中具有代表性的伊利石和蒙脱石共培养。通过对颗石藻生长曲线和Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca元素比值、颗石藻与粘土矿物样品的紫外可见光吸收光谱、红外吸收光谱和矿物物相等分析,研究海洋粘土矿物与颗石藻的相互作用规律。通过研究表明伊利石对颗石藻的影响较小,蒙脱石因对营养元素的吸附和颗石藻的絮凝作用对颗石藻的生长和Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca元素比值影响较大。颗石藻代谢分泌的生物分子未能通过层间插层作用进入伊利石层间,颗石藻分泌的生物分子可通过插层作用进入并储存于蒙脱石层间,海洋粘土矿物中的蒙脱石与海洋微生物的相互作用值得地球微生物家关注,可能有助于对古海洋环境的认识。 相似文献