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对比分析了煤镜质组反射率人工测定与自动测定的各自特点,给出了与人工测定结果高度相关的自动测定方法和条件。测定结果表明,自动测定结果的重现性好于人工测定结果。;区分能力与人工测定相当。 相似文献
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高温超高压模拟实验研究Ⅰ.温压条件对有机质成熟作用的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
对不成熟泥炭样品进行了高压（0.1～2GPa）、高温（200℃～400℃）模拟实验,并对实验后样品的成熟度指标--镜质体反射率（Ro）进行了测定。结果显示,同一压力条件下,温度与镜质体反射率呈正相关;相同温度条件下,样品Ro值与压力呈负相关,说明压力同温度一样,是影响有机质成熟作用的一个重要因素,其存在会抑制有机质向高成熟演化。压力的这种作用有其内在的化学动力学机理。实验结果及实际地质现象都说明,压力作用在有机质演化过程中不可忽视。用模拟实验手段探讨压力的作用和影响,具有重要的理论及实际意义。 相似文献
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选用人工合成标准样品校正溴的标准曲线,借助溴含量已知的土壤样品为载体吸附固化卤水,采用粉末压片制样-波长色散X射线荧光光谱法测定卤水中的溴含量。在国家一级土壤标准物质中添加不同含量的溴,建立标准化曲线,通过优化筛选仪器工作参数条件,改善了光谱干扰及基体干扰。方法的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)小于1.20%,测定结果与化学法测定值吻合,方法操作便捷,能够满足卤水样品中溴的快速定量分析要求。 相似文献
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原子荧光光谱仪工作温度对水体中砷含量测定的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法受到仪器工作温度的影响主要来自于氢化物发生反应和仪器漂移,工作温度升高会增加仪器的背景值,而过低的工作温度又不利于氢化物发生反应进行。本文根据原子荧光光谱测定水体中砷的方法,在10℃、20℃和30℃的工作温度条件下,分别测试校准曲线、空白样品、自配质控样品和有证标准物质来确定最适宜的工作温度。结果表明:三个温度条件下的校准曲线均具有较好的线性相关性;仪器工作温度过高会引起空白荧光值变大、检出限升高,同时会造成仪器灵敏度的降低,增加了样品测试误差,测试结果不能满足准确度的要求。本文提出,利用原子荧光光谱法测定砷含量时,应控制仪器工作温度在10～20℃,并且保证温度变化相对稳定。 相似文献
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电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高海拔地区地热水中的微量元素 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
西藏地区地热水矿化度较高,且西藏地区海拔高分压低,造成电感耦合等离子体质谱/发射光谱仪(ICP-MS/OES)的工作条件与低海拔地区不同,因此测定样品时无法采用与低海拔地区相同的测定方法。本文通过优化仪器的工作条件、加入内标元素和建立干扰校正方程等方法,消除了低分压和高矿化度的影响,建立了ICP-MS同时测定高海拔地区地热水中的12种微量元素的方法,并对地热水中的放射性元素铀进行检测。测定元素校准曲线的相关系数都在0.9995以上,方法检出限为0.012~0.128μg/L,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%~6.8%,样品加标回收率为95.7%~106.5%。结合本课题组前期的研究成果,本文提出,ICP-MS法更适合较高矿化度地热水中微量和痕量元素的测定,ICP-OES法则适用于主量元素的测定,两种方法的结合,可建立高海拔地区地热水的分析技术体系。 相似文献
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研究了煤的镜质体性质与煤岩参数的关系,表明镜质体的荧光强度I650与镜质体的性质关系密切,这对表征等变质煤镜质体性质的差异极其重要。 相似文献
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Ten samples from the Upper Jurassic Naokelekan and Barsarin Formations in an outcrop section near Sargelu Village were studied to evaluate their thermal maturity using vitrinite reflectance method. The studied beds appeared to be mature and within the oil generation window (0.79–1.25 % vitrinite reflectance in immersion oil (Ro)). Some of the reflectance histograms showed bimodal distribution indicating existence of nonindigenous populations which were all ignored during the measurements of the mean value of Ro. Comparison between the results obtained from vitrinite reflectance method and some other methods like pyrolysis and gas chromatography showed variations which finally more reality believed to be for the vitrinite reflectance method. 相似文献
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早古生代海相烃源岩成熟度的有机岩石学评价方法 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
本文应用有机岩石化学方法通过对塔里木盆地早古生代典型烃源岩研究,建立起了应用沥青反射率、微粒体反射率、动物壳属体反射率及海相镜质体反射率评价烃岩成熟度的综合标准。 相似文献
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Using photometric and image analysis methods, a reasonable technique and procedure have been developed for the determination of maceral group composition and the reflectance of vitrinite. This procedure is introduced by an optimum method for seeking the interval values of each maceral group, i.e., from the “fingerprint” reflectance histogram, it seeks reasonable interval values and distribution values for vitrinite and other maceral groups. After checking and correction, these values can be put into a program and computerized. This method had advantages such as increased speed of analysis and reproducibility of the results. 相似文献
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根据实测的压力和镜质组反射率数据讨论了沉积盆地中镜质组反射率异常的物理化学环境.认为异常压力并不是导致镜质组反射率受到抑制的唯一原因;沉积盆地中有机质镜质组反射率异常的原因除与有机质本身的性质有关外,还与其所处的温度、压力等物理环境及其周围的流体性质、无机元素(矿物)的组成等化学因素密切相关.通过对钻井异常高压带和正常压力带剖面密集取样进行的微量元素与镜质组反射率分析表明,偏酸性、低盐度的流体介质有利于有机质镜质组反射率的增加;通过分析泥岩中的某些元素丰度与镜质组反射率的对应关系,初步确定钙、锰、锶、硼、钡、磷等元素对镜质组反射率的演化有抑制作用,而铁、钴、锌、镍、铷等元素对有机质的热演化具有催化作用.本研究对于有机质成熟校正、油气资源评价和利用成熟度古温标恢复盆地热历史都具有意义. 相似文献
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A.G. Borrego C.V. Araujo A. Balke B. Cardott A.C. Cook P. David D. Flores M. Hmor-Vid W. Hiltmann W. Kalkreuth J. Koch C.J. Kommeren J. Kus B. Ligouis M. Marques J.G. Mendona Filho M. Misz L. Oliveira W. Pickel K. Reimer P. Ranasinghe I. Surez-Ruiz A. Vieth 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2006,68(3-4):151-170
The development of a qualifying system for reflectance analysis has been the scope of a working group within the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP) since 1999, when J. Koch presented a system to qualify vitrinite particles according to their size, proximity to bright components and homogeneity of the surface. After some years of work aimed at improving the classification system using photomicrographs, it was decided to run a round robin exercise on microscopy samples. The classification system tested consists of three qualifiers ranging from excellent to low quality vitrinites with an additional option for unsuitable vitrinites. This paper reports on the results obtained by 22 analysts who were asked to measure random reflectance readings on vitrinite particles assigning to each reading a qualifier. Four samples containing different organic matter types and a variety of vitrinite occurrences have been analysed. Results indicated that the reflectance of particles classified as excellent, good or poor compared to the total average reflectance did not show trends to be systematically lower or higher for the four samples analysed. The differences in reflectance between the qualifiers for any given sample were lower than the scatter of vitrinite reflectance among participants. Overall, satisfactory results were obtained in determining the reflectance of vitrinite in the four samples analysed. This was so for samples having abundant and easy to identify vitrinites (higher plant-derived organic matter) as well as for samples with scarce and difficult to identify particles (samples with dominant marine-derived organic matter). The highest discrepancies were found for the organic-rich oil shales where the selection of the vitrinite population to measure proved to be particularly difficult. Special instructions should be provided for the analysis of this sort of samples. The certainty of identification of the vitrinite associated with the vitrinite reflectance values reported has been assessed through a reliability index which takes into account the number of readings and the coefficient of variation. The same statistical approach as that followed in the ICCP vitrinite reflectance accreditation program for single seam coals has been used for data evaluation. The results indicated low to medium dispersion for 17 out of 22 participants. This, combined with data from other sets of comparative analyses over a long period, is considered an encouraging result for the establishment of an accreditation program on vitrinite reflectance measurements in dispersed organic matter. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Coal Geology》2005,61(3-4):223-239
The aim of this study was first to review or even identify reliable diagnostic criteria to distinguish recycled and autochthonous vitrinite particles and, second, to examine and try to explain the impact of weathering and reburial on optical changes (reflectance) of recycled material. The work was based on indigenous and recycled particles of two sample sets from two wells drilled in the Senegalese margin basin and the Ardèche paleomargin (SE France), respectively. In addition to reflectance measurements, the studied samples have also been analysed by Rock-Eval pyrolysis. For both sample sets, hydrogen index (HI) and oxygen index (OI) values suggest a type III organic matter of dominant terrestrial origin.Two main diagnostic criteria appear particularly useful to identify indigenous and recycled vitrinite particles: the first is the clear genetic relationship between telinite and collotelinite; the second is the presence of pyrite framboid inclusions in indigenous vitrinite. The pyrite–vitrinite association illustrates the relationship between sulphate reduction, pyritisation, and in situ organic matter transformation through gelification process. However, application of both diagnostic criteria requires some additional information about depositional conditions (i.e., anoxicity) and thermal maturity of the studied samples. Weathering has no or only very limited effect on vitrinite reflectance. During their new burial history, recycled vitrinites follow a reflectance evolution path close to that of inertinites and thus appear as transitional materials between vitrinite and inertinite macerals. Consistently, this behaviour implies that recycled vitrinite reflectance changes during burial diagenesis do not solely depend on their chemical composition but, most probably too, on combined chemical and structural changes inherited from their past burial history and from the impact of weathering during their recycling stage. 相似文献
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镜质体成烃反应动力学模型的标定及其在热史恢复中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
镜质体反射率（Ｒｏ）与其生烃率有关，因此，由Ｒｏ应可求取其生烃率；同时，在求取了镜质体成烃反应动力学参数之后，若已知其受热史，则可计算出镜质体的生烃率；反过来，若已知镜质体的生烃率，应可反推其受热史。基于这一基本原理，本文在建立和标定镜质体成烃反应动力学模型的基础上推导了可将其应用于存在着抬升、剥蚀和古地温非线性变化等复杂地质条件下热史恢复的原理模型，结合海拉尔盆地海参７井的实测Ｒｏ值，有效地恢复了其古热史。 相似文献
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The Late Triassic (Carnian-Rhaetian) Callide Coal Measures are preserved in a partly fault-bounded basin remnant in east-central Queensland, Australia. The sequence comprises up to 150 m of interbedded clastic sedimentary rocks and at least four major coal seams, including one coal body up to 23 m thick. The sequence was deposited initially in high-gradient alluvial fan systems which gave way through time to sandy, low-sinuosity rivers. The restricted, intermontane and entirely alluvial nature of sediment accumulation is here considered to have influence the petrographic characteristics of Callide coals, and their external geometry.The main coal seam from the Callide Measures shows variation in the predominance of some macerals, indicating successions of environmental changes. The application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to the study of the Callide coal has enabled a better understanding of the nature and origin of some of the less understood macerals such as micrinite and vitrinite B. Two forms of vitrinite have been observed, each with a distinct reflectance range. The wood-sourced vitrinite A displays an average reflectance of 0.56%, implying a higher rank than the 0.49% Ro total vitrinite reflectance recorded in previous publications. Vitrinite B and A together represent the most commonly occurring macerals in the Callide coal samples of the present study. The lower-reflecting vitrinite B which forms bands, often several hundred μm in thickness, in TEM shows sub-micron electron transparent laminae of lipid-rich material alternating with a more conventional vitrinite material. The vitrinite B is interpreted to represent accumulations of leaves.The Callide coal has entered the oil window, and oil has been generated from some exinite, cutinite, and resinite, as evident from change in fluorescence and the presence of exsudatinite in cell cavities and cleats. Vitrinite B is seen under the microscope to also be generating oil. Micrinite, the origin of which has been much debated, occurs in selected horizons only, as lenticular bodies suggesting cell filling or filling of spaces between laminations in vitrinite B. TEM shows micrinite to consist predominantly of sub-micron pyrite and possibly other mineral particles adsorbed on humic acids. 相似文献
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镜质组反射率与沉积盆地古地温分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
在地质研究与资源勘探中，特别是针对油气生成、运移和保存有关的地热过程分析，镜质组反射率（Ｒ）已被广泛地应用于沉积盆地古地温的确定。本文从Ｒ增值的反应动力学、Ｒ－古地温－受热时间模拟计算、流体扰动对流型热体系中的Ｒ性征及Ｒ古地温分析技术扩展等方面，概括地总结讨论了有关应用现状与理论进展。由于沉积有机质构成及其热反应作用的复杂性，过分简单地将Ｒ与地温值对应的做法已被否定，代之以地质、地球热力学与反应动力学的综合分析。不同源岩中Ｒ增值与热能关系的确定，温度－时间计算方法的改进、异常热背景如对流型热体制的分析以及低成熟与镜质组缺失条件下成熟度参数的Ｒ标定等，将是今后急待解决的主要问题。 相似文献