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1.
场地效应通常包含土层放大效应和地形放大效应,为了揭示二者的相对贡献,本文构造了平面SH波作用下部分充填沉积谷的解析模型,借助于区域分解策略,在波函数展开法的框架下,提出了超定方程组解法,得到了部分充填圆弧形沉积谷对平面SH波散射的波函数级数解,而且级数解的收敛测试表明了超定方程组解法的必要性.通过与文献结果进行对比,验证了本文方法的正确性.通过调整解析模型中两个子区域内的材料参数,计算了沉积谷引起的场地放大效应和相应的空河谷引起的地形放大效应.对二维土层与地形效应进行对比分析,结果显示,在沉积谷内二维土层放大效应通常强于地形放大效应,而地形放大效应决定了沉积谷外的地面运动放大形态.针对最大地面运动,进行了沉积谷和相应空河谷的参数分析,进一步描述了二维土层放大效应,研究结果表明二维土层放大效应引起的最大地面运动通常远远大于地形放大效应引起的最大地面运动,并且二维土层效应通常随着土层与基岩的阻抗比的增大而增大,但不是一维土层放大效应与二维地形放大效应的简单线性叠加. 相似文献
2.
本用统计－经济格林函数法合成１９２３年关东地震近场加速度时程，对比分析东京城区四个相近场地的土层放大效应，说明在结构抗震分析中考虑土层放大效主尖的重要性。 相似文献
3.
不规则地形和土层对地震动的影响较大,建(构)筑物选址及其抗震设防必须考虑地形和土层场地的放大效应,以避免或减轻其震害.利用自贡地形台阵记录的汶川地震(Ms8.0)的主震加速度时程,基于传统谱比法分别研究了地形和土层场地对地震动的放大效应.结果表明:(1)地形场地在低频的放大效应不明显,最大仅为1.24;在高频的放大效应较显著,在1~10 Hz频带,山顶的放大效应最大,EW、NS和UD地震动的最大放大效应分别为4.15、3.61和2.41,对应频率分别为5.72 Hz、6.46 Hz和7.44 Hz;在10~20 Hz频带,靠近山顶的山脊上某个地震动分量的放大效应最大,7#台站EW、5#台站NS和7#台站UD地震动的最大放大效应分别为9.10、5.56和2.52,对应频率分别为16.97 Hz、16.91 Hz和17.91 Hz.(2)地形场地的最大放大效应随高度有增加的趋势,且在0.1~10 Hz频带随高度增加的趋势更加明显.(3)土层场地水平向地震动在2 Hz以上开始明显放大,竖向地震动在4 Hz以上开始明显放大;EW、NS和UD地震动的最大放大效应分别为13.4、12.168和6.0,对应频率分别为6.94 Hz、7.55 Hz和10.8 Hz.(4)土层场地与地形场地的最大放大效应相比较,前者显著大于后者,对于水平向地震动,前者至少是后者的3倍以上;对于竖向地震动,前者至少是后者的2.5倍以上.(5)无论是地形场地还是土层场地,地震动的最大放大效应均有水平向大于竖向的特征. 相似文献
4.
工程场地岩土条件是影响地震动峰值加速度的主要因素之一.设基岩输入面的地震动峰值加速度为ar,经场地土层反应分析求得的地震动峰值加速度为aks,则场地土层地震动峰值加速度放大因子ks可由ks=aks/ar求得.
作为工程地震学的一个统计量,ks表征场地土层放大综合效应. 相似文献
5.
北京地区地震动的三维有限差分模拟 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
根据北京地区地壳结构和1679年三河-平谷8级地震的研究结果，对北京地区进行了三维有限差分地震动模拟研究，并研究了北京地区的盆地效应。结果表明，盆地效应非常明显。在北京盆地内的大部分地区，盆地效应的放大系数达到1.3，在某些地区甚至达到2.0。将盆地的放大效应与北京市区地表土层的放大效应进行了对比，发现它们的放大率为同等水平，在部分地区盆地的放大效应更为明显。我国现行的抗震规范中只考虑了地表土层效应的影响，由于许多城市位于盆地内，并且已经修建或正在修建大量的具有较长自振周期的高层建筑。因此，本文的研究结果对城市规划与防震减灾具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
6.
自贡西山公园山脊场地地形和土层效应数值模拟 总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2
利用自贡地形影响强震动观测台阵在汶川地震中获得的强震动记录,以位于山脚下基岩上的台站为参考点,采用传统谱比法对场地放大效应进行了初步分析;同时用显式有限元-有限差分方法模拟了自贡西山公园山脊场地地形和土层的地震动效应,并进行了数值模拟结果与强震动观测结果的对比分析.结果表明:上覆土层对地震动的放大作用相对于地形变化的放大作用更为明显;地形对地震动水平分量的放大效应要明显于对竖直分量的放大效应;采用二维模型对上覆土层的模拟与观测结果较吻合,对于基岩介质部分的模拟在低频范围内也能反映山脊地形对地震动的影响. 相似文献
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8.
《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(2)
基于间接边界元法,首先采用Ricker波作为输入波,分别研究了SH波入射时均匀半空间凸起场地、两侧含覆盖土层的岩质凸起场地、匀质土质凸起场地、异质土质凸起场地的波传播特征,同时比较了凸起地形与土层对Ricker波的放大效应,研究表明,覆盖土层能增强场地对地震动的散射和反射效应并延长地震动持时,土层对地震动的放大效应比凸起地形对地震动的放大效应更为显著。在此基础上进一步以Taft波、El Centro波和天津波作为输入地震动,研究了异质土质凸起场地的地震响应,就本文所考虑的模型而言,这3种地震动输入下得到的凸起场地对地表加速度反应谱峰值的放大幅度分别为102.9%、149.9%和186.7%,大大高于建筑抗震设计规范中为考虑地形效应而对水平地震影响系数最大值进行增幅的取值。 相似文献
9.
砂土液化对设计反应谱和场地分类的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文采用有效应力原理分析了液化土层对设计反应谱的影响，分析中考虑了砂层的厚度、埋深和输入地震动等因素。选择Ⅱ类场地，将其标准反应谱合成的三条地震加速度时程在考虑土层非液化下反演到基岩，再正演计算存在液化层时的地面运动时程和反应谱。分析结果表明，从特征周期的变化来看，液化土层使Ⅱ类场地易变为Ⅳ类场地，对地震影响系数的作用则不是很大，但频谱上0．8s是一个分界线，液化土层对分界线以下的高频分量有一定减震效果，对分界线以上的低频分量有显著的放大效应。 相似文献
10.
基于ABAQUS显式有限元并行计算平台,采用大尺度二维精细化有限元非线性分析方法,研究泉州盆地地震效应特征.结果表明:(1)与基岩输入地震动相比,地表峰值加速度总体呈放大效应,且盆地不同位置的放大效应存在明显差异;(2)地表或基岩剧烈起伏及土层横向分布极不均匀处,地震动易产生局部聚集效应,相应地表地震动呈显著放大或缩小效应;地表加速度反应谱产生双峰甚至多峰现象.(3)在土层竖向、横向分布不均匀处,峰值加速度沿深度方向呈非单调递减,加速度反应谱沿深度存在较大差异.场地地震效应的二维非线性分析法能在一定程度上反映特殊场地条件对地震动效应的影响,该结果可为泉州盆地及类似盆地的场地设计地震动参数的确定提供参考依据. 相似文献
11.
Introduction The 1303 Shanxi Hongtong M=8 earthquake is the earliest M=8 event determined in histori-cal records in China and the largest recorded in Shanxi fault-depression system in history. Some researchers have discussed the tectonic environment of this earthquake (DENG, et al, 1973; DENG, 1984; DENG, XU, 1994, 1995; Seismo-geological Brigade, State Seismological Bureau, Depart-ment of Geology and Geography, Peking University, 1979; LIU, XIAO, 1982; ZHANG, JIA, 1986; SU, … 相似文献
12.
Based on the latest displacement of Huoshan piedmont fault, Mianshan west-side fault and Taigu fault obtained from the beginning of 1990‘s up to the present, the characteristics of distribution and displacement of surface rupture zone of the 1303 Hongtong M = 8 earthquake, Shanxi Province are synthesized and discussed in the paper. If Taigu fault, Mianshan west-side fault and Huoshan piedmont fault were contemporarily active during the 1303 Hongtong M = 8 earthquake, the surface rupture zone would be 160 km long and could be divided into 3 segments, that is, the 50-km-long Huoshan piedmont fault segment, 35-km-long Mianshan west-side fault segment and 70-km-long Taigu fault segment, respectively. Among them, there exist 4 km and 8 km step regions. The surface rupture zone exhibits right-lateral features. The displacements of northern and central segments are respectively 6～7 m and the southern segment has the maximum displacement of 10 m. The single basin-boundary fault of Shanxi fault-depression system usually corresponds to M ≈ 7 earthquake, while this great earthquake (M = 8) broke through the obstacle between two basins. It shows that the surface rupture scale of great earthquake is changeable. 相似文献
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14.
Temporal trend, spatial distribution, and terrestrial sources of PBDEs and PCBs in Masan Bay, Korea 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sang Hee Hong 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(10):1836-3908
Congener specific determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was carried out in 21 surface sediment samples and a sediment core from Masan Bay, Korea. Among the 40 PBDE congeners targeted only 29 were detectable. PBDE congener profile within sediments was dominated by BDE-209 followed by BDEs-99, -47, -153 and -183, sequentially. In surface sediments, the average ΣPBDEs levels approached that of average ΣPCBs values. However, trends observed in the sediment core suggest that this pattern will alter over time and result in higher surface sediment PBDE concentrations than PCBs in future. Various diffuse and point sources for PBDEs and PCBs were identified in this location. Shipping and other industrial activities were associated with PCB contamination while domestic and industrial waste discharges corresponded with PBDE contamination. The average concentration for PBDEs and PCBs in surface sediments were 5.7, 7.2 ng/g dry weight, respectively. 相似文献
15.
Lepidocrocite (γ‐FeOOH) nanoparticles were synthesized from iron(II) sulfate solution and characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform‐IR (FT‐IR), nitrogen adsorption, and point of zero charge pH (pHPZC) analyses. TEM, XRD, and FT‐IR analyses proved the synthesis of nano‐lepidocrocite. Surface area and pHPZC of the synthesized lepidocrocite were 68.1 m2 g?1 and 4.8, respectively. Utilization of the synthesized lepidocrocite in the adsorption of Lanacron brown S‐GL (LBS‐GL) from aqueous solutions was investigated, and the effect of lepidocrocite dosage, pH, temperature, and contact time on this process were optimized and modeled using response surface methodology approach. The lepidocrocite dosage of 0.015 g, pH 3.5, temperature of 38°C, and contact time of 100 min were determined as optimum adsorption conditions. Isotherm and kinetics of the adsorption process were analyzed at the optimum conditions. The equilibrium data were fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity was 528.21 mg g?1. The adsorption process was described by the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. Furthermore, the effect of pH on the desorption of LBS‐GL was investigated. High LBS‐GL desorption efficiency was achieved at a high pH value. 相似文献
16.
The permeability of the Elkhorn fault zone,South Park,Colorado 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
The purposes of this study are to use both field and modeling approaches to characterize the permeability of a fault and to assess the role of the fault on regional ground water flow. The study subject is the Elkhorn fault, a low-angle reverse fault that brings Precambrian crystalline rocks over the sediments of Colorado's South Park Basin. The fault is hypothesized to act as a low-permeability barrier to flow, restricting interaction between the crystalline aquifer and the basin sediments. To test this hypothesis and to better predict the permeability structure of the fault, we synthesized geologic data to create a geologic model of the fault, conducted aquifer tests to estimate the hydrogeologic properties of the fault zone, and used ground water modeling to test the influence of a range of hydraulic properties for the fault zone on ground water flow in the region. Our study suggests that the fault is a low-permeability feature. Estimated heads are best matched to observations by modeling the fault as a 10-foot-thick interval of low-permeability fault gouge. Steady-state flow models show that much of the flow in the study area is topographically driven near land surface. Flow rates decrease with depth in the aquifers. In the footwall, ground water moves updip in the Michigan-San Isabel syncline to discharge in the South Park Basin. In the hanging wall, ground water moves east to a regional ground water divide. Sensitivity analyses indicate that hydraulic heads are most sensitive to changes in hydraulic conductivity and recharge. 相似文献
17.
Reservoir construction greatly affects the regional ecological environment, particularly surface water–groundwater interactions around the reservoir. Xiluodu Reservoir, a representative large-scale reservoir in China, has had substantial impacts on surface water–groundwater interactions at the dam site since impoundment. This study analysed the dynamic characteristics of surface water–groundwater level, temperature, and hydrochemistry to determine the evolution of surface water–groundwater interaction before and after the impoundment. The levels of groundwater and some surface water rose by more than 100 m after impoundment and the water level of saturated limestone gradually stabilized, whereas basalt saturation in the affected area continued to expand. The groundwater temperature did not decrease significantly, whereas the hydrochemical types and ion contents of both surface water and groundwater experienced significant changes. Calculation of the saturation index indicated spatiotemporal changes in the saturation state of minerals. The replenishment source of each type of water and their mutual relationships were determined using cluster analysis and isotope characteristics. The results confirmed continuous, significant, and variable surface water–groundwater interactions at the dam site, which were partially reversed after impoundment. Changes in surface water–groundwater interactions were due to impoundment, the impact of which decreases with distance from the dam, as well as the unique geological conditions and artificial construction. 相似文献
18.
A one-day field investigation on an unvegetated backbeach documents the importance of surface sediment drying to aeolian transport. Surface sediments were well sorted fine sand. Moisture content of samples taken in the moist areas on the backbeach varied from 2·9 to 9·2 per cent. Lack of dry sediment inhibited transport prior to 08:50. By 09:10 conspicuous streamers of dry sand moved across the moist surface. Barchan-shaped bedforms, 30 to 40 mm high and composed of dry sand (moisture content <0·10 per cent), formed where sand streamers converged. The surface composed of dry sand increased from 5 per cent of the area of the backbeach at 09:50 to 90 per cent by 12:50 Mean wind speeds were beetween 5·6 and 8·6 m s−1 at 6 m above the backbeach. Corresponding shear velocities were always above the entrainment threshold for dry sand and below the threshold for the moist sand on the backbeach. Measured rates of sand trapped (by vertical cylindrical traps) increased during the day relative to calculated rates. The measured rate of sand trapped on the moist foreshore was higher than the rate trapped on the backbeach during the same interval, indicating that the moist foreshore (moisture content 18 per cent) was an efficient transport surface for sediment delivered from the dry portion of the beach upwind. Measured rates of sand trapped show no clear relationship to shear velocities unless time-dependent surface moisture content is considered. Results document conditions that describe transport across moist surfaces in terms of four stages including: (1) entrainment of moist sediment from a moist surface; (2) in situ drying of surface grains from a moist surface followed by transport across the surface; (3) entrainment and transport of dry sediment from bedforms that have accumulated on the moist surface; and (4) entrainment of sand from a dry upwind source and transport across a moist downwind surface. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
《国际泥沙研究》2023,38(5):629-642
Sand waves of approximately 2 m in height were observed to migrate nearly 40 m with counterclockwise rotation between two bathymetric surveys performed three months apart near the southeastern corner of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. The region is characterized by strong tidal currents, intermittent energetic surface wave events, and shallow water with local depth ranging from 2 to 7 m. This study uses the process-based model, Delft3D, with a three-dimensional approach to examine the sand wave dynamics by incorporating surface waves, winds, currents, and bathymetric observations. The model successfully simulates sand wave migration in comparisons to observations. Model sensitivity analyses show that the sand wave migration reduces by 65% with the absence of the surface waves. The modeled sand wave migration speed is correlated with the tidal current Shields parameter, and sharp increases in migration speed occur when the wave-driven Shields parameter increases in response to energetic surface wave events. The combined effect of tides, surface waves, and bathymetry is the origin of the rotational aspect of the sand wave, using the Shields parameter as an indicator of tidal currents and surface wave influence on sand wave dynamics. 相似文献
20.
影响面波勘探精度的因素探讨 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
分析了影响面波勘探精度的主要因素,针对计算面波相速度的精度问题,讨论了常用测量台间以相速度方法的优缺点及其适用范围,并提出通过测量台间格林函数进行相位校正,以得到两台之间的精解相位。以合成的高频理论地震图作为记录信号,并在理论地震图上叠加了２０％的随机噪声,利用这些方法分析理论信号,数字实验表明：在相干频率范围内,格林函数方法能够精确测量台间相速度,而互相关法和窄带通滤波互相关法所得结果较为离散。 相似文献