共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 947 毫秒
1.
与传统的无线电探空、雷达探测等手段相比,GNSS掩星技术为大气探测提供了一个强有力的工具,其具有无校准、全天候、精度高、垂直分辨率高、全球均匀覆盖等特点.介绍了利用GNSS掩星技术获取地球大气温、压、湿等相关参数大小的研究现状.同时,提出了GNSS掩星技术在气候研究领域的发展方向,将拓宽GNSS掩星技术在全球气候变化研究中的应用. 相似文献
2.
简要概述了GNSS掩星探测大气的发展历史与国内外的研究现状;详细叙述了无线电掩星反演大气参数的基本原理,主要包括几何光学下的相位反演,中性大气层、电离层、振幅的反演,分辨率的定义以及无线电掩星技术系统与标准算法和误差分析;并针对该技术的一些特点,指出了若干尚需深入解决的问题;最后展望无线电掩星观测技术在数值天气预报(NWP)等领域的发展。 相似文献
3.
全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)信号资源的大气海洋遥感技术一直是一个研究热点. 伴随着GNSS系统的建设和发展,相继出现了利用GNSS延迟信号、反射信号、掩星信号、极化信号获取大气和海洋环境参数的一系列新技术新方法. 在回顾GNSS大气海洋遥感技术概况的基础上,先后概述了GNSS延迟信号(GNSS-D)技术、GNSS反射测量(GNSS-R)技术、GNSS无线电掩星(GNSS-RO)技术、GNSS极化掩星(GNSS-PRO)技术的基本原理,比较全面系统地分析了其国内外研究和应用方面的现状及最新进展,特别是新兴GNSS-PRO技术的机理、优势及发展现状. 最后对该研究领域的发展前景进行了一些探讨,相关技术的突破和发展必将在气象、水文、海洋、陆地、空间环境等地球科学领域发挥越来越重要的作用. 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
厄尔尼诺-南方涛动事件(ENSO)会引起全球大气压强的异常变化. 应用2006年至2008年期间全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)掩星数据,采用几何光学反演法计算地面高度2 km处的大气压强变化,将厄尔尼诺期间(2006年12月)、拉尼娜期间(2007年12月)与正常年份(2008年12月)之间的全球大气压强求差,分析大气压强变化. 实验结果表明,利用GNSS掩星数据通过绘制全球范围某一高度的大气压强变化剖面图,可以直观地展现出ENSO期间的大气压强变化,为相关的气候变化研究提供便利参考条件. 相似文献
7.
近年来伴随导航定位技术与无线电掩星技术的结合，一种崭新的遥感地球大气的方法-Global Positioning System/Meteoroloby(GPS/NET)应运而生，该方法可以有效地探测大气温、压、湿等气象参数。本文在介绍利用GPS-LEO掩星技术探测地球大气的原理，以及反演大气参数的方法、步骤的基础上，给出了模拟掩星数据反演出的温度廓线、密度廓线及部分GPS/NET实验数据的初步反演结果。通过分析可以看出，利用掩星技术反演出的温度廓线与大气实际情况相符，并且与ECMWF、NCEP的结果吻合较好。在干空气假设条件下，近地面大气的反演结果与实际情况还存在一定误差，有待深入研究解决。 相似文献
8.
大气水汽是表征极端天气事件和气候变化的重要参数,准确监测与分析水汽含量对于精准预测各类灾害性天气事件与研究气候变化具有显著意义。作为新兴的大气水汽探测方法,GNSS大气水汽探测技术得到了广泛的关注与应用研究,随着多频多模GNSS系统的发展,全球服务能力的逐步完备和地面基础设施的不断加强,地基GNSS大气水汽探测遥感技术水平得到显著提升,为基于空间大数据揭示气候变化、极端天气过程提供了强有力的数据支撑和发展契机。本文首先系统阐述了GNSS大气水汽探测遥感技术及其应用的发展过程;然后介绍了近年来包括对流层延迟、大气可降水量等多类型GNSS大气参数高精度反演的研究进展,特别是对GNSS大气反演在极端天气短临预报及气候变化现象解释两个方向的研究工作进行了科学探析;最后,阐明了GNSS大气水汽探测遥感技术面临的主要挑战及未来研究展望。 相似文献
9.
10.
全球导航定位系统GNSS的技术与应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
介绍了GNSS系统的发展过程及组成部分（GPS,GLONASS,GALILEO,BEIDOU）,归纳了GNSS定位、GNSS—R、GNSS掩星、组合导航、嵌入式等技术,并对GNSS最新的应用领域进行全面研究分析,以及预测GNSS系统的发展前景。 相似文献
11.
A comprehensive global navigation satellite system (GNSS) based radio occultation (RO) data set is available for meteorology and climate applications since the start of GNSS RO measurements aboard the CHAllenging Mini-satellite Payload (CHAMP) satellite in February 2001. Global coverage, all-weather capability, long-term stability and accuracy not only makes this innovative use of GNSS signals a valuable supplement to the data set assimilated into numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems but also an excellent candidate for global climate monitoring. We present a 3D variational data assimilation (3D-Var) scheme developed to derive consistent global analysis fields of temperature, specific humidity, and surface pressure from GNSS RO data. The system is based on the assimilation of RO data within 6 h time windows into European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) short-term (24 h, 30 h) forecasts, to derive climatologic monthly mean fields. July 2003 was used as a test-bed for assessing the system’s performance. The results show good agreement with climatologies derived from RO data only and recent NWP impact studies. These findings are encouraging for future developments to apply the approach for longer term climatologic analyses, validation of other data sets, and atmospheric variability studies. 相似文献
12.
Evaluating the effect of the global ionospheric map on aiding retrieval of radio occultation electron density profiles 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Radio occultation (RO) has been proven to be a powerful technique for ionospheric electron density profile (EDP) retrieval. The Abel inversion currently used in RO EDP retrieval has degraded performance in regions with large horizontal gradients because of an assumption of spherical symmetry as indicated by many studies. Some alternative methods have been proposed in the past; the global ionospheric map (GIM)-aided Abel inversion is most frequently studied. Since the number of RO observations will likely increase rapidly in the near future, it is worthwhile to continue to improve retrieval method. In this study, both the simulations and the real data test have been done to evaluate the GIM-aided Abel inversion method. It is found that the GIM-aided Abel inversion can significantly improve upon the standard Abel inversion in either the F or the E region if an accurate GIM is available. However, the current IGS GIM does not appear accurate enough to improve retrieval results significantly, because of the spherical symmetry assumption and sparse global navigation satellite system (GNSS) stations used in its creation. Generating accurate GIM based on dense GNSS network to aid the Abel inversion might be an alternative method. 相似文献
13.
2013年中国发射了首颗进行全球导航卫星系统(global navigation satellite system,GNSS)掩星观测的气象卫星风云3号C星(Fengyun-3C,FY-3C),且已发布自2014年6月以来的FY-3C掩星大气产品,但目前还未见将其应用于大气边界层的相关研究。首次尝试利用FY-3C折射率产品确定边界层高度并进一步进行空间分布分析。结果表明,在小波协方差变换法基础上,进行尖锐度约束,能够确定FY-3C掩星低层大气折射率廓线中可能存在的突变,反演边界层高度。所得到的2015―2018年各年边界层高度全球分布在不同纬度及海洋和陆地上的差异基本体现了边界层与地表气候及地形的关系,但FY-3C折射率产品在低层大气的精度和垂直分辨率相对较低。因此,反演成功率总体上较低,反演结果对边界层高度空间分布细节特征的呈现仍有待提升。 相似文献
14.
偶发E层(sporadic E, Es)是主要发生在90~120 km高度的电子密度显著增强的电离层薄层,Es层的存在会导致掩星观测中全球导航卫星系统信号强度和相位的强烈波动。利用2019-01—2021-12风云三号C（Fengyun-3C,FY3C）和风云三号D(Fengyun-3D,FY3D)卫星GPS（global positioning system）掩星观测的50 Hz信噪比数据提取Es层信息,进而对两颗卫星数据分别反演得到的60°S~60°N中低纬地区Es层发生率的时空分布及季节变化进行比较。结果发现,虽然两颗卫星掩星资料得到的Es层发生率分布形态基本一致,均反映了Es层的发生率与地磁场和中性大气背景风场的相关性,但在大部分季节和地区,由FY3D得到的Es层发生率低于由FY3C得到的结果,北半球夏季中纬地区尤为明显,而FY3C反演结果与基于电离层与气候星座观测系统掩星数据的反演结果更为接近。导致差异的可能原因包括两颗卫星信噪比廓线的上边界高度分布和地方时覆盖上的差异、两颗卫星掩星接收机噪声水平的差异等。上述结果表明,后续融合两颗卫星的掩星数据进行Es层相关研究时,可能需要顾及两颗卫星接收机的不同噪声水平,在Es层发生的判定策略上进行针对性调整。 相似文献
15.
全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)以其全天候、操作简便、高精度等优点在测绘、航空、地质勘察、环境监测与保护等领域得到了广泛应用。为提高GNSS接收机检定设备的利用率和检定工作的效率,也为测量工作中提高GNSS接收机的使用效率提供可靠依据,文中设计了不同型号的GNSS接收机与相同型号GNSS接收机联合检测和联合数据处理的实验。实验证明,不同型号GNSS接收机联合检测具有可行性。 相似文献
16.
Aron Pinker 《GPS Solutions》1999,3(2):28-39
The management of the Global Positioning System (GPS) by the U. S. Department of Defense (DoD) has been the subject of persistent
criticism by the global community of users in general and particularly in Europe. The European Union (EU) is considering various
global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) that would provide it with varying degrees of control, autonomy, and specificity
of use. The gamut of options includes various augmentations of GPS, a combination of GLONASS and GPS, and its own GNSS, dubbed
Galileo.
We discuss the concerns of the global community with respect to GPS and the motives that drive the GPS globalization debate.
We also describe the various European GNSS concepts and initiatives, and the likelihood for their realization as substitutes
to the GPS. ? 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
17.
建立我国卫星定位连续运行站网的若干思考 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
回顾了全球卫星导航系统 (GNSS)卫星定位连续运行站网 (CORS)技术的发展历史 ,描述了这一技术当前发展的动态和特点 ,指出了中国当前发展这一技术中存在的几个问题。在此基础上 ,提出了在中国发展这一技术的若干建议和思路及建立区域参考站网、专业应用网和国家参考站网三种网络层次的概念 ,阐述了它们的关系 ,并建议以此思路来建立中国各层次卫星定位连续运行站网的建设运行规范。 相似文献
18.
As one of the major contributors to the realisation of the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS), the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are prone to suffer from irregularities and discontinuities in time series. While often associated with hardware/software changes and the influence of the local environment, these discrepancies constitute a major threat for ITRS realisations. Co-located GNSS at fundamental sites, with two or more available instruments, provide the opportunity to mitigate their influence while improving the accuracy of estimated positions by examining data breaks, local biases, deformations, time-dependent variations and the comparison of GNSS baselines with existing local tie measurements. With the use of co-located GNSS data from a subset sites of the International GNSS Service network, this paper discusses a global multi-year analysis with the aim of delivering homogeneous time series of coordinates to analyse system-specific error sources in the local baselines. Results based on the comparison of different GNSS-based solutions with the local survey ties show discrepancies of up to 10 mm despite GNSS coordinate repeatabilities at the sub-mm level. The discrepancies are especially large for the solutions using the ionosphere-free linear combination and estimating tropospheric zenith delays, thus corresponding to the processing strategy used for global solutions. Snow on the antennas causes further problems and seasonal variations of the station coordinates. These demonstrate the need for a permanent high-quality monitoring of the effects present in the short GNSS baselines at fundamental sites. 相似文献
19.
A grid-based tropospheric product for China using a GNSS network 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Tropospheric delay accounts for one source of error in global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). To better characterize the tropospheric delays in the temporal and spatial domain and facilitate the safety-critical use of GNSS across China, a method is proposed to generate a grid-based tropospheric product (GTP) using the GNSS network with an empirical tropospheric model, known as IGGtrop. The prototype system generates the GTPs in post-processing and real-time modes and is based on the undifferenced and uncombined precise point positioning (UU-PPP) technique. GTPs are constructed for a grid form (\(2.0{^{\circ }}\times 2.5{^{\circ }}\) latitude–longitude) over China with a time resolution of 5 min. The real-time GTP messages are encoded in a self-defined RTCM3 format and broadcast to users using NTRIP (networked transport of RTCM via internet protocol), which enables efficient and safe transmission to real-time users. Our approach for GTP generation consists of three sequential steps. In the first step, GNSS-derived zenith tropospheric delays (ZTDs) for a network of GNSS stations are estimated using UU-PPP. In the second step, vertical adjustments for the GNSS-derived ZTDs are applied to address the height differences between the GNSS stations and grid points. The ZTD height corrections are provided by the IGGtrop model. Finally, an inverse distance weighting method is used to interpolate the GNSS-derived ZTDs from the surrounding GNSS stations to the location of the grid point. A total of 210 global positioning system (GPS) stations from the crustal movement observation network of China are used to generate the GTPs in both post-processing and real-time modes. The accuracies of the GTPs are assessed against with ERA-Interim-derived ZTDs and the GPS-derived ZTDs at 12 test GPS stations, respectively. The results show that the post-processing and real-time GTPs can provide the ZTDs with accuracies of 1.4 and 1.8 cm, respectively. We also apply the GTPs in real-time kinematic GPS PPP, and the results show that the convergence time of the PPP solutions is shortened. These results confirm that the GTPs can act as an efficient information source to augment GNSS positioning over China. 相似文献