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1.
采用LA-MC-ICP-MS手段对敦煌地块中敦煌群的白云母石英片岩、石榴斜长角闪岩、石榴黑云斜长片麻岩和长英质伟晶岩脉中的锆石进行了U-Pb 和Lu-Hf同位素分析,获得白云母石英片岩碎屑岩浆锆石的207Pb/206Pb表面年龄为1545~756Ma,主要集中在1200~1000Ma,表明地层的最大沉积时代为756Ma,蚀源区存在中、新元古代的岩浆事件。白云母石英片岩锆石的εHf(t)分为两组,一组为正值,εHf(t)=1.2~10.1,单阶段模式年龄为tDM=1.09~1.66Ga;一组为负值,εHf(t)=-1~-16,两阶段模式年龄为tDM2=1.91~2.42Ga。表明蚀源区存在古元古代、中元古代的再造地壳。石榴斜长角闪岩的两粒捕获锆石的年龄为2272Ma 和1208Ma,εHf(t)为-3和14,tDM2tDM为2.82Ga和1.1Ga,暗示捕获区存在太古代再造地壳和中元古代晚期新生地壳。石榴斜长角闪岩碎屑锆石的Th/U比值为0.02~0.42,206Pb/238U年龄为441±5Ma,代表了岩石遭受变质作用的时代。石榴黑云斜长片麻岩中的碎屑锆石与长英质伟晶岩脉中的继承锆石特征相同,锆石年龄集中在3个峰值区间:2.2~2.1Ga,1.8~1.6Ga,1.2~0.8Ga,相应的的εHf(t)分别为-9~4,-5.4~15,-27~20,相应锆石的模式年龄分别为3.1~2.4Ga,2.6~1.4Ga,3.1~1.7Ga,均大于其形成年龄,表明蚀源区锆石来自于再循环的新太古代、古元古代和中元古代地壳,样品代表的地层的最大沉积时代为新元古代早期。岩石中检测出早古生代的变质锆石, 206Pb/238U年龄为464~422Ma,可能代表了沉积岩的变质时代。敦煌群锆石U-Pb和Lu-Hf同位素表明蚀源区岩石类型和时代的多样性,也表明部分敦煌群不是前寒武纪的变质基底,而是塔里木盆地变质基底之上新元古代的沉积盖层,后卷入了我国西北部早古生代的造山事件。  相似文献   

2.
为了通过碎屑岩的物源对比讨论古亚洲洋的闭合过程,笔者选择西拉木伦河北侧林西双井子地区和南侧奈曼旗下石碑地区的志留纪地层进行碎屑岩锆石U-Pb年代学研究。北侧样品LX0831-11为粉砂质板岩,采于西拉木伦河北岸上志留统杏树洼组。碎屑锆石年龄分为三组:385~531Ma(N=52)、872~1097Ma(N=11)、1344~1901Ma(N=11),碎屑锆石的最小年龄限定地层沉积下限为中-晚泥盆世。南侧样品130417-06为石英岩屑砂岩,采于奈曼旗下石碑组顶部砂岩中。碎屑锆石年龄分为四组:370~523Ma(N=34)、884~1481Ma(N=21)、1573~1900Ma(N=6)、2369~2588Ma(N=8),碎屑锆石的最小年龄限定地层沉积下限为晚泥盆世。这两个分别来自西拉木伦河南、北两侧原志留纪样品,显示一致的志留-泥盆纪及晚元古代碎屑锆石年龄谱,表明两者从泥盆纪开始即具有相同的沉积物源;而代表兴蒙造山带的元古代碎屑锆石在奈曼旗地区的出现,说明泥盆纪以来兴蒙造山带的剥蚀物已到达华北板块北缘。因此,本次碎屑锆石年代学研究暗示华北板块与其北部松辽地块在中-晚泥盆世之前已经完成拼合过程,即此时两者间已不存在古亚洲洋。  相似文献   

3.
长江中下游是中国东部中生代大规模成矿的重要地区之一,是我国东部一个重要的Cu-Fe-Au-Mo多金属成矿区带。本文以鄂东南地区铁山岩体和金山店岩体为研究对像,利用原位LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年和锆石Hf同位素分析方法,探讨该地区岩体成因以及岩浆作用与成矿作用。铁山石英闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均值为138.9±0.96Ma(样品jls1-110)、138.2±0.94Ma(样品jls3)、131.0±1.2Ma(样品jls4)和118.9±1.2Ma(样品jls5),金山店石英闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均值为128.6±0.88Ma(样品jsd),为早白垩世、燕山晚期。铁山岩体石英闪长岩εHf(0)为负值,εHf(t)为负值(-17.3707~-8.31555),一阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM1)平均为1.33Ga,二阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM2)平均为2.03Ga;金山店岩体石英闪长岩εHf(0)为负值,εHf(t)为负值(-7.81135~-3.45982),一阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM1)平均为1.03Ga,二阶段Hf模式年龄(tDM2)平均为1.56Ga。铁山和金山店石英闪长岩样品中锆石Hf同位素组成特征显示该地区为岩体形成时有壳源物质参加的这一可能性,为长江中下游壳源岩浆提供补充。在结合已有的岩石学、地球化学以及矿床同位素年龄资料基础上,可以推断出鄂东南地区早白垩世矽卡岩型铁矿床形成于岩石圈伸展-减薄环境。  相似文献   

4.
冀北水泉沟岩体西段锆石U-Pb年代学及Hf同位素研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
李长民  邓晋福  苏尚国  刘翠  刘新秒 《岩石学报》2014,30(11):3301-3314
冀北水泉沟碱性正长杂岩体位于华北克拉通北缘中段,主要岩性为正长岩、石英正长岩、碱性正长岩、角闪正长岩、角闪二长岩和碱长花岗岩等.为了避开后期热液蚀变作用的影响,作者采集了远离东坪-后沟金矿田的水泉沟岩体西段无蚀变的角闪二长岩、角闪正长岩样品,并对这些代表性岩石进行了锆石U-Pb年代学和锆石Hf同位素研究.LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄表明,角闪二长岩结晶年龄为372.7±2.5Ma,角闪正长岩结晶年龄为372.7±2.4Ma,二者年龄结果一致,表明水泉沟碱性杂岩体西段形成于晚泥盆世.角闪二长岩的锆石εHf(t)=-12.4~-8.9,两阶段Hf模式年龄为1.93~2.16Ga,平均2.05Ga.角闪正长岩的锆石εHf(t)=-13.2~-11.1,两阶段Hf模式年龄为2.07~2.21Ga,平均2.13Ga.考虑到两种岩石的模式年龄与华北基底变质岩的形成年龄相近,我们初步认为水泉沟碱性杂岩体西段角闪二长岩和角闪正长岩可能主要来源于富集岩石圈地幔部分熔融形成的镁铁质岩浆与古老的中下地壳变质岩部分熔融形成的长英质岩浆混合的结果.野外地质和地球化学数据表明,水泉沟碱性杂岩体形成于晚造山阶段的张性构造环境.  相似文献   

5.
老牛山杂岩体位于华北地块南缘。野外侵入关系和锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年显示,其由晚三叠世(印支期)和晚侏罗(燕山期)花岗质岩石组成。印支期岩石类型为石英二长岩、石英闪长岩和粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩,年龄分别为223±1Ma、222±1Ma和214±1Ma; 燕山期为中粒-中粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩和细粒-中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩,年龄分别为152±1Ma和146±1Ma。印支期石英闪长岩、石英二长岩的SiO2相对含量低、富碱、高铝,为钾玄系列,准铝质Ⅰ型花岗岩;印支期粗粒黑云母二长花岗岩具富硅、碱、高铝、低镁的特点,属于高钾钙碱性系列,为准铝质-过铝质Ⅰ型花岗岩;燕山期黑云母二长花岗岩具高硅和铝、富碱,低镁的特点,为高钾钙碱性系列,准铝质Ⅰ型花岗岩。组成老牛山杂岩体的花岗岩从早到晚SiO2含量由低变高,MgO、CaO和Na2O由高变低。各期次岩石均表现出稀土元素总量较高,轻稀土元素明显富集,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显,具有较弱的铕异常。两期花岗质岩石均富集大离子亲石元素(K、Rb、Ba、Sr),而相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P)。印支期花岗质岩石的全岩εNd(t)为-11.3~-14.87,tDM为1.7~1.9Ga,锆石的εHf(t)为-9.57~-25.11,tDM2为1863~2841Ma;燕山期花岗岩的全岩εNd(t)为-13.32~-16.83,tDM为 1.7~1.9Ga,锆石的εHf(t)为-18.28~-24.79,tDM2 为2360~2767Ma,表明该杂岩体的源区物质以壳源物质为主,可能与太古宙太华群相似,印支期有年轻地幔物质贡献。  相似文献   

6.
赵瑞幅  郭敬辉  彭澎  刘富 《岩石学报》2011,27(6):1607-1623
恒山高级片麻岩地体位于华北克拉通中部构造带,主体是形成于晚太古代~2.5Ga的TTG片麻岩和少量变质火山沉积岩,并且经历了古元古代末~1.85Ga的高级变质作用。近年来,在恒山片麻岩地体中识别出一套钾质花岗岩小侵入体群,主要岩性是角闪石二长花岗岩和黑云母二长花岗岩。本文针对这套花岗岩,采用LA-ICP-MS和Cameca 1280型离子探针进行锆石U-Pb定年,获得角闪石二长花岗岩岩浆锆石谐和年龄2052±17Ma和2084±4Ma,黑云母二长花岗岩岩浆锆石谐和年龄2060±18Ma和2083±15Ma。它们在误差范围内一致,代表花岗岩的形成时代。花岗岩锆石Hf同位素和全岩Nd同位素亏损地幔模式年龄分别为2.48~2.60Ga和2.43~2.68Ga,与围岩TTG片麻岩模式年龄范围基本一致。εHf(t) 和εNd(t)主要分布范围分别为-6.0~0.6和-3.3~-1.7,未显示同期幔源物质的添加。据此可以推断,这些钾质花岗岩是恒山晚太古代TTG岩石在~2.1Ga部分熔融的产物。该期岩浆活动在华北克拉通已识别出多处,恒山地区的这期岩浆活动显示了地壳重熔特征。结合五台、阜平等地对于同期事件的研究,我们推测这些区域上~2.1Ga的岩浆活动形成于拉张裂解环境中。  相似文献   

7.
内蒙古克什克腾旗位于西拉木伦河以北,属锡林浩特地块南缘。本文对出露于克什克腾旗北东约5 km的一套变质粉砂岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,其年龄结果主要分为4个区间:258~298 Ma(峰值为285 Ma)、377~474 Ma(峰值为430 Ma)、1261~1727 Ma、1853~2513 Ma,此外还含有321 Ma和937 Ma的锆石各一颗。锆石CL图像显示:258~298 Ma的锆石以岩浆锆石为主,响应兴蒙造山带的晚古生代岩浆活动;377~474 Ma的锆石中既有岩浆锆石又有变质锆石,表明其源区既有奥陶纪-泥盆纪岩浆岩,又有古生代的变质岩;1261~1727 Ma的锆石以岩浆锆石为主,少数为变质锆石,暗示中元古代的岩浆岩和变质岩也为该组提供物源;1853~2513 Ma的锆石以岩浆锆石为主,反映了华北板块基底的年龄信息。该变质粉砂岩中碎屑锆石的最小谐和年龄是258 Ma,限定了其沉积时代的下限为晚二叠世,应属于林西组。年龄峰值既对应华北板块的重要构造热事件,又有与兴蒙造山带地质事件相关的年龄信息,表明林西组具有南北两个物源区,同时也暗示在其形成时华北板块与西伯利亚板块已经拼合。  相似文献   

8.
塔里木早二叠世大火成岩省是我国继峨眉山大火成岩省得到国际公认后的又一个重要的大火成岩省,对其中广泛出露的多层玄武质熔岩的夹层沉积岩中的锆石年代学和Hf同位素特征研究可以对塔里木早二叠世大火成岩省的岩浆演化以及之前的地质史方面的认识提供重要的信息。本文选取塔里木西北缘柯坪地区印干村大湾沟剖面玄武岩的夹层粉砂岩中3个不同层位的沉积岩样品,对其中碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素组成进行了较系统的研究。研究表明3个样品碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄中最年轻的一组年龄峰值介于284~291Ma之间,与前人对塔里木早二叠世大火成岩省大规模溢流玄武质岩浆事件相吻合。此外,还存在老于1.7Ga、0.9~1.0Ga和750~850Ma以及410~450Ma的几组年龄,可能分别对应于塔里木哥伦比亚超大陆聚合、罗迪尼亚超大陆的聚合和裂解以及志留系地层的剥蚀沉积等一系列地质事件的发生。对上述3个沉积岩样品中锆石Hf同位素成分分析得出其碎屑锆石源区成分复杂,主要源自塔里木前寒武纪基底、志留系地层和塔里木早二叠世大火成岩省岩浆事件。具有二叠纪年龄的锆石εHf(t)值在-10~4之间,平均值为-4.8,Hf同位素亏损地幔模式年龄tDMHf为 801~1363Ma,表明这些玄武质熔岩中沉积岩夹层的碎屑锆石应该来自古老的富集岩石圈地幔。通过对柯坪地区这些夹层沉积岩的锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素成分研究,有助于对塔里木早二叠世大火成岩省岩浆演化的认识。  相似文献   

9.
秦岭晚中生代花岗岩时空分布、成因演变及构造意义   总被引:34,自引:14,他引:20  
王晓霞  王涛  齐秋菊  李舢 《岩石学报》2011,27(6):1573-1593
秦岭晚中生代花岗岩主要发育于秦岭北部的华北地块南缘和北秦岭,南秦岭仅有零星出露。本文报道了3个晚中生代大岩体的年代学和其中2个岩体的地球化学和同位素数据,并系统收集了发表的相关资料,对秦岭晚中生代花岗岩进行了初步总结。华北地块南缘蓝田花岗岩的锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb年龄为133±1Ma, εNd(t)=-11.8~-18.3, 锆石εHf(t)=-37.7~-5.7。 北秦岭构造带中牧护关花岗岩的锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb年龄为 150±1Ma, εNd(t)=-7.6~-11.4, 锆石εHf(t)=-7.3~-17.4;蟒岭花岗岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为149±2 Ma。 依据收集到的26个锆石U-Pb和3个黑云母Ar-Ar年代学资料, 秦岭晚中生代花岗岩浆的演化可分为2个阶段:第一阶段为160~130Ma(晚侏罗世-早白垩世), 以I-型花岗岩为主, 主要发育于华北地块南缘和北秦岭,在南秦岭仅零星分布;第二阶段为120~100Ma(早白垩世中晚期), 以I-A过渡型和A-型花岗岩为主,主要分布在华北地块南缘的东部和北秦岭,出露面积比第一阶段小。第一阶段(160~130Ma)花岗岩主要形成于古老地壳物质的部分熔融,并有年轻幔源组分的参与,形成于挤压向伸展转换的构造环境。第二阶段(120~100Ma)花岗岩的形成除了古老地壳物质的部分熔融外,有更多的年轻幔源组分加入,发育于陆内伸展环境。花岗岩的同位素特征显示,从华北地块南缘到南秦岭,底基物质中年轻组分有增加的趋势,花岗岩的物源受深部地壳物质组成特征的控制。  相似文献   

10.
张松  王永彬  褚少雄 《岩石学报》2012,28(2):544-556
海沟岩体位于华北克拉通北缘东段,由二长岩和二长花岗岩组成。本文对该岩体主微量元素、Sr-Nd-Hf同位素和锆石的U-Pb年龄进行了系统研究。高精度锆石U-Pb年龄测试结果表明,二长岩和二长花岗岩形成的精确年龄分别为322.9±3.4Ma和320.3±3.5Ma,为海西期构造-岩浆活动产物。海沟岩体为准铝质-弱过铝质的I型花岗岩,其K2O/Na2O比值介于0.51~0.93之间,A/CNK介于0.87~0.94之间。微量元素方面表现为轻稀土富集、轻重稀土分馏明显、弱铕正异常、大离子亲石元素(如Rb、Ba、K)富集,以及高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、Ti、P)相对亏损等。锶同位素初始比值为(87Sr/86Sr)i= 0.7054~0.7059, εNd(t)=-10.4~-8.6,亏损地幔的钕模式年龄分别介于1.84~1.99Ga和1.84~1.93Ga之间。二长岩和二长花岗岩锆石的εHf(t)变化范围分别为-7.6~-0.8和-11.5~-5.4,对应的两阶段Hf模式年龄分别为1.39~1.81Ga和1.67~2.06Ga。同位素特征表明两者可能来自中元古代和古元古代的下地壳物质的部分熔融,并可能有较多地幔物质的加入。根据其形成时代、岩石地球化学、同位素特征以及区域地质演化史,认为海沟岩体的形成可能与古生代古亚洲洋消减作用密切相关。  相似文献   

11.
Police, politics, and the right to the city   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Mustafa Dikeç 《GeoJournal》2002,58(2-3):91-98
Space and spatiality have recently been at the core of debates concerning the political possibilities of the city. The arguments advanced in this paper might be seen as an attempt to contribute to these debates through a reflection on the spatiality of (in) justice, politics, and the right to the city. The case of French urban policy, with its focus on distressed urban areas, and the `suburban problem' in France are used as examples to make arguments more concrete.  相似文献   

12.
Clay subfractions (SFs) of <0.1, 0.1–0.2, 0.2–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–2 and 2–5 μm separated from Middle Riphean shales of the Debengda Formation are studied using the TEM, XRD, K-Ar and Rb-Sr isotopic methods. The oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions in the SFs are studied as well. The low-temperature illite-smectite is dominant mineral in all the SFs except for the coarsest ones. The XRD, chemical and isotopic data imply that two generations of authigenic illite-smectite different in age are mixed in the SFs. The illite crystallinity index decreases in parallel with size diminishing of clay particles. As compared to coarser SFs, illite of fine-grained subfractions is enriched in Al relative to Fe and Mg, contains more K, and reveals higher K/Rb and Rb/Sr ratios. The Rb-Sr age calculated by means of the leachochron (“inner isochron”) method declines gradually from 1254-1272 Ma in the coarsest SFs to 1038-1044 Ma in finest ones, while the K-Ar age decreases simultaneously from 1225–1240 to 1080 Ma. The established positive correlation of δ18O and δD values with dimensions of clay particles in the SFs seems to be also consistent with the mixing systematics. The isotopic systematics along with data on mineral composition and morphology lead to the conclusion that mixedlayer illite-smectite was formed in the Debengda shales during two periods 1211–1272 and 1038–1080 Ma ago. The first period is likely close to the deposition time of sediments and corresponds to events of burial catagenesis, whereas the second one is correlative with the regional uplift and changes in hydrological regime during the pre-Khaipakh break in sedimentation.  相似文献   

13.
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others.  相似文献   

14.
Transport and transformation of nitrate was evaluated along a 1-km groundwater transect from an almond orchard to the Merced River, California, USA, within an irrigated agricultural setting. As indicated by measurements of pore-water nitrate and modeling using the root zone water quality model, about 63% of the applied nitrogen was transported through a 6.5-m unsaturated zone. Transport times from recharge locations to the edge of a riparian zone ranged from approximately 6 months to greater than 100 years. This allowed for partial denitrification in horizons having mildly reducing conditions, and essentially no denitrification in horizons with oxidizing conditions. Transport times across a 50–100-m-wide riparian zone of less than a year to over 6 years and more strongly reducing conditions resulted in greater rates of denitrification. Isotopic measurements and concentrations of excess N2 in water were indicative of denitrification with the highest rates below the Merced River. Discharge of water and nitrate into the river was dependent on gradients driven by irrigation or river stage. The results suggest that the assimilative capacity for nitrate of the groundwater system, and particularly the riverbed, is limiting the nitrate load to the Merced River in the study area.  相似文献   

15.
马元铅锌矿床是近年扬子陆块北缘铅锌找矿的新突破。矿体呈层状、似层状产于碑坝隆起翼部震旦系灯影组角砾状白云岩层间构造带中,围岩蚀变很弱。矿石中硫化物以闪锌矿、方铅矿为主,中粗粒晶质结构,充填于白云岩角砾间。闪锌矿富集Cd、Ge、Ag,贫In、Tl、Se,Ga/In为6~132,Ge/In多1000,成矿温度以中-低温为主。金属硫化物ε~(34)S值相对集中,为12.9‰~19.4‰,平均为17.4‰,来自于海相硫酸盐的还原。铅同位素组成稳定,~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb为17.858~17.918:~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb为15.603~15.694;~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb为37.756~38.046,具有造山带和上地壳铅的特征,震旦系可能提供了金属成矿物质。闪锌矿中流体包裹体的~3He/~4He为0.03Ra~1.05Ra,~(40)Ar/~(36)Ar为326.1~765.1,~(38)Ar/~(36)Ar为0.183~0.204,表明成矿流体主要为地壳流体和饱和大气水(大气降水或海水)的混合。闪锌矿内流体包裹体挥发分δ~(13)C_(CH_4)值为-36.01‰~-28.80‰,δ~(13)C_(C_2H_6)值为-27.72‰~-22.44‰,δ~(13)C_(CO_2)值为-23.24‰~-9.68‰,表明有机流体参与了成矿作用。石英、方解石的H-O同位素结果表明具有海水和有机水混合的特征。可见,成矿流体具有两种流体混合的特征,一为蒸发海水与围岩反应所形成的盆地卤水,二为有机流体。推测矿区可能存在一个古油气藏,由于TSR生成一高硫气藏,为区内还原性有机流体的主要来源。当富含Pb、Zn等成矿物质的成矿流体运移至富含CH_4和H_2S的还原性流体的矿区角砾岩带时,两种流体混合,Pb、Zn等遇到H_2S发生反应而沉淀成矿,并伴生热液白云石等,形成了马元铅锌矿床。综上所述,我们认为马元矿床属MVT型铅锌矿床。  相似文献   

16.
17.
岑巩县羊桥乡罗家塘杷榔组仅出露中-上部地层,岩性单一,均为青灰、灰绿色粉砂质泥、页岩.在其上部层位发现了俞氏贵州始海百合(Guizhoueocrinus yui Zhao,Parsley et Peng,2007),计有棘皮动物始海百合、腕足动物、软体动物-软舌螺、节肢动物-三叶虫等8属9种,包括了2个未定名的新种和1...  相似文献   

18.
Over the past decade researchers working on the rocks of the Beaufort Group in the main Karoo Basin of South Africa have vastly increased our understanding of this important Permo-Triassic sequence. Many new fossil forms have been discovered, allowing for breakthroughs into the biodiversity, biogeography and biostratigraphy of the group. Taxonomic and phylogenetic advances are many and varied, and cover most of the vertebrate taxa, but with emphasis placed on the temnospondyl amphibians, archosauriforms and non-mammalian synapsids, in particular the anomodontia. Biostratigraphic breakthroughs have centered on the Middle Permian Eodicynodon and Tapinocephalus assemblage zones, the Late Permian Dicynodon Assemblage Zone, and the Triassic Lystrosaurus and Cynognathus assemblage zones. Correlation of these biozones with better dated sequences in Europe, Russia and China has allowed for many chronostratigraphic refinements, which are in turn vital for sequence stratigraphical analysis of the basin fill. Based on fossil data, both the lower (Ecca–Beaufort) and upper (Beaufort–Molteno) contacts of the group have been proved to be highly diachronous. The refined chronostratigraphic framework has also allowed for a better analysis of the basin evolution through time, particularly in terms of the correlation of external stimuli that affect basin sedimentation patterns.  相似文献   

19.
The Trinity River (Texas, USA) contains in its watershed 23 different reservoir lakes, the largest one being Lake Livingston situated in the lower Trinity River watershed and two potentially polluting metroplexes, Dallas and Houston. In order to determine fluxes of nutrients and trace metals to Galveston Bay, a survey that included 24 discreet samples collected over a year and at various stages of discharge was carried out during 2000–2001. Geochemical (i.e., sorption by Fe oxyhydroxides), biological (i.e., seasonal uptake by sinking algae in Lake Livingston), and hydrological (i.e., dilution effects by increasing flow rates) controls were found to be mainly responsible for variations in dissolved trace metal concentrations rather than pollution sources. The Trinity River loads of suspended sediments and pollutant trace metals entering Galveston Bay at Anahuac were <20% of those reaching Lake Livingston, and only a few percent of the total upstream trace metal load is entering the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, during the transit through the 23 man-made lakes and an estuary, >96% of the pollutant trace metal load is lost to sediments.  相似文献   

20.
填海工程使滨海地区的地下水物理化学条件改变,导致该区域地下水中重金属浓度升高。本文以深港西部通道填海区为例,采用实验室模拟填海条件的办法,初步探讨了影响填海区地下水重金属迁移的关键因素。模拟实验结果表明,填海区地下水中钨元素含量升高与地下水淡化、淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;铜元素含量升高则与淤泥氧化过程以及填料风化有关;钒元素含量升高与地下水淡化和淤泥氧化过程有关,而其他元素含量升高则主要与填料风化释放有关。  相似文献   

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