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不同于具有相对稳定构造-沉积背景海相盆地的层序构型,陆相盆地的层序构型具有多样性.针对陆相盆地具有局限、封闭、类型多样、控制因素多变、多物源、古地貌差异大等典型特征,提出"陆相盆地层序构型多元化体系"的观点."陆相盆地层序构型多元化体系"是指不同类型陆相盆地在多种因素综合作用下,会形成不同的层序构型、沉积充填样式,构成陆相盆地层序构型多元化体系.该体系包含经典层序构型和特征性层序构型两大类,在系统总结不同类型陆相盆地经典层序构型的基础上,进一步介绍断陷盆地非同步叠加、迁移型、陆内克拉通盆地"溯源退积"等多种新的特征性层序构型,补充、丰富了陆相盆地层序构型多元化体系.陆相盆地层序构型多元化体系反映了陆相盆地沉积动力学过程的复杂性,可以将不同类型陆相盆地所发育的不同层序构型纳入到一个统一体系,有利于陆相层序地层学研究的系统化,丰富陆相盆地层序地层理论体系. 相似文献
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The Lower Jurassic Mashabba Formation crops out in the core of the doubly plunging Al-Maghara anticline, North Sinai, Egypt. It represents a marine to terrestrial succession deposited within a rift basin associated with the opening of the Neotethys. Despite being one of the best and the only exposed Lower Jurassic strata in Egypt, its sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic framework has not been addressed yet. The formation is subdivided informally into a lower and upper member with different depositional settings and sequence stratigraphic framework. The sedimentary facies of the lower member include shallow-marine, fluvial, tidal flat and incised valley fill deposits. In contrast, the upper member consists of strata with limited lateral extension including fossiliferous lagoonal limestones alternating with burrowed deltaic sandstones. The lower member contains three incomplete sequences (SQ1-SQ3). The depositional framework shows transgressive middle shoreface to offshore transition deposits sharply overlain by forced regressive upper shoreface sandstones (SQ1), lowstand fluvial to transgressive tidal flat and shallow subtidal sandy limestones (SQ2), and lowstand to transgressive incised valley fills and shallow subtidal sandy limestones (SQ3). In contrast, the upper member consists of eight coarsening-up depositional cycles bounded by marine flooding surfaces. The cycles are classified as carbonate-dominated, siliciclastic-dominated, and mixed siliciclastic-carbonate. The strata record rapid changes in accommodation space. The unpredictable facies stacking pattern, the remarkable rapid facies changes, and chaotic stratigraphic architecture suggest an interplay between allogenic and autogenic processes. Particularly syndepositional tectonic pulses and occasional eustatic sea-level changes controlled the rate and trends of accommodation space, the shoreline morphology, the amount and direction of siliciclastic sediment input and rapid switching and abandonment of delta systems. 相似文献
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层序地层学是当前地球科学研究颇为关注的领域,被广泛应用于沉积盆地分析和油气勘探.碎屑岩层序地层学理论方法源于海相盆地,是在被动大陆边缘油气勘探实践的基础上凝练而来的,至今已经历了约50年的发展历程.本文梳理了深海碎屑岩层序过去50年发展历程中的重要进展(包括1970—2000年的经典海相碎屑岩层序地层学、2000—20... 相似文献
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Middle Tithonian-Berriasian shallow platform carbonates of the Maestrat Basin (Salzedella and Montanejos sections, NE Spain) are stacked in sequence stratigraphic units of different orders. Higher-order sequences (parasequences and subunits) have a shallowing or deepening-shallowing evolution. They have been related to the short-term eccentricity and precession cycles. Major facies changes and stacking pattern of parasequences reveal the presence of two 2nd-order sequences. The Lower Sequence is middle Tithonian-mid early Berriasian in age. The Upper Sequence extends up to the mid-late Berriasian. It is suggested that local subsidence changes along with regional sea-level changes controlled the long-term evolution of accommodation in the Maestrat Basin. Facies evolution, stacking pattern and sharp lithological changes have allowed the definition of five 3rd-order sequences in the Lower Sequence in Montanejos. The transgressive deposits are characterised by the progressive absence of the restricted lagoon facies, and the presence of deepening-upward intervals in the parasequences. The highstand deposits display an increase in siliciclastics and a progressive predominance of restricted lagoon facies. Some of the 3rd-order sequence boundaries match the sequence boundaries identified in other European basins and may be related to sea-level falls (induced by the long-term eccentricity cycle) enhanced during periods of long-term loss of accommodation. 相似文献
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陆内克拉通盆地层序地层构型及其控制因素 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过总结我国鄂尔多斯盆地和澳大利亚Surat basin这两个典型的陆内克拉通盆地的层序充填序列,认为该类盆地具有典型的层序地层充填模式:(1)典型的正粒序岩性组合特征;(2)基准面旋回为上升半旋回为主的不对称旋回,具有长期持续水进、短期水退旋回特征;(3)层序主要以LST为主,发育相互切割叠置的复合砂体,为最有利储层;TST和HST相对不发育,发育孤立状的单砂体,为中-差储层.陆内克拉通盆地层序地层及其控制的砂体具有溯源退积的时空展布模式,该模式主要受到盆地边缘构造、沉积物供给、湖平面变化、古地形、盆地充填和气候等因素的单独或综合控制. 相似文献
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Intracontinental subduction of the South China Block below the North China Block in the Late Triassic resulted in formation of the transpressional Sichuan foreland basin on the South China Block. The Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation was deposited in this basin and consists of an eastward-tapering wedge of predominantly continental siliciclastic sedimentary rocks that are up to 3.5 km thick in the western foredeep depocenter and thin onto the forebulge and into backbulge depocenters.Five facies associations (A–E) make up the Xujiahe Formation and these are interpreted, respectively, as alluvial fan, transverse and longitudinal braided river, meandering river, overbank or shallow lacustrine, and deltaic deposits. This study establishes a sequence stratigraphic framework for the Xujiahe Formation which is subdivided into four sequences (SQ1, 2, 3 and 4). Sequence boundaries are recognized on the basis of facies-tract dislocations and associated fluvial rejuvenation and incision, and systems tracts are identified based on their constituent facies associations and changes in architectural style and sediment body geometries. Typical sequences consist of early to late transgressive systems tract deposits related to a progressive increase in accommodation and represented by Facies Associations A, B and C that grade upwards into Facies Association D. Regionally extensive and vertically stacked coal seams define maximum accommodation and are overlain by early highstand systems tract deposits represented by Facies Associations D, E and C. Late highstand systems tract deposits are rare because of erosion below sequence boundaries. Sequence development in the Xujiahe Formation is attributed to active and quiescent phases of thrust-loading events and is closely related to the tectonic evolution of the basin. The Sichuan Basin experienced three periods of thrust loading and lithospheric flexure (SQ1, lower SQ2 and SQ3), two periods of stress relaxation and basin widening (upper SQ 2 and SQ3) and one phase of isostatic rebound (SQ4). Paleogeographic reconstruction of the Sichuan Basin in the Late Triassic indicates that the Longmen Mountains to the west, consisting of metamorphic, sedimentary and pre-Neoproterozoic basement granitoid rocks, was the major source of sediment to the foredeep depocenter. Subordinate sediment sources were the Xuefeng Mountains to the east to backbulge depocenters, and the Micang Mountains to the northwest during the late history of the basin. This study has demonstrated the viability of sequence stratigraphic analysis in continental successions in a foreland basin, and the influence of thrust loading on sequence development. 相似文献
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基准面旋回结构与叠加样式的沉积动力学分析 总被引：190，自引：27，他引：163
以地层过程-响应沉积动力学为理论基础,以中期基准面旋回为周期,以短期基准面旋回为成因地层单元,较为详细地讨论了层序结构、层序叠加样式与可容纳空间 /沉积物补给通量比值 (A/S比值 )变化、基准面升降幅度及沉积动力学条件的相互关系,描述了不同结构和叠加样式的短期基准面旋回在中期基准面旋回中的分布规律,最终提出以中期基准面旋回为单元的标准层序模式。有意义的是,上述理论分析结果与四川、鄂尔多斯和辽河等盆地中的中、新生代陆相地层高分辨率层序地层分析结果完全一致,说明高分辨率层序地层学理论及其技术方法非常适合于中国广泛分布的中、新生代陆相含油气盆地的层序地层学研究。 相似文献
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基于露头、钻井岩心和测录井资料,采用层序地层学理论与方法,将四川盆地西北部二叠系梁山组+栖霞组作为一个整体予以解剖,识别出梁山组底界面(Ⅰ型)、栖一段与栖二段界面(Ⅱ型)和栖霞组与茅口组界面(Ⅰ型)3个三级层序界面,将中二叠统栖霞阶划分为2个三级层序: 下部的SQ1层序对应梁山组+栖一段,上部的SQ2层序对应栖二段。通过栖霞阶层序地层格架分析,发现栖霞阶地层存在“底超顶削”的充填规律,统计并绘制SQ1与SQ2层序地层厚度等值线图,对研究区栖霞阶SQ1初期和SQ2期构造—古地理格局进行了恢复,在明确SQ2期为栖霞阶主要成滩期的基础上,结合岩溶发育单元及白云岩展布特征,讨论栖霞阶油气储集意义。结果表明:区内栖霞阶存在北西、北东向隆坳分异,汉南隆起、川北隆起、北缘隆起与广元—旺苍凹陷始终控制了区内沉积格局,指出广元—旺苍海槽雏形始于二叠系栖霞阶。研究区岩溶白云岩孔洞型储集层区与环广元—旺苍凹陷周缘的灰岩岩溶型储集层区为有利的勘探区。 相似文献
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Sequence stratigraphic characteristics and geological significance of the Permian Qixia Stage in northwestern Sichuan Basin 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hu Sheng Tan Xiu-Cheng Luo Bing Zhang Ben-Jian Zhang Ya Su Cheng-Peng Lu Fei-Fan Li Ming-Long 《古地理学报》2021,22(6):1109-1126
Based on outcrops, drilling, cores, and logging data, the Liangshan Formation and Qixia Formation in the northwestern Sichuan region are analyzed using the theory and method of sequence stratigraphy. Three third-order sequence boundaries are identified, including the basal boundary of Liangshan Formation (type Ⅰ), the boundary between Qi 1 Member and Qi 2 Member (type Ⅱ), and the boundary between the Qixia Formation and the Maokou Formation (type Ⅰ). The Middle Permian Qixia Stage can be subdivided into two third-order sequences (from base to top: SQ1 and SQ2). The SQ1 sequence corresponds to the Liangshan Formation and the Qi 1 Member, and the SQ2 sequence corresponds to the Qi 2 Member. Based on the sequence stratigraphic framework reconstruction of the Qixia Stage, the sedimentary filling pattern of the “onlapping at the base and truncation at the top” is discovered. The contour maps of SQ1 and SQ2 sequence stratigraphic thickness are calculated and plotted. Combined with the stratigraphic filling pattern, the tectonic-palaeogeographical framework of the early SQ1 and SQ2 phases of the Qixia Stage, their geological significance is discussed. At the Qixia Stage, the differentiation between uplift and depression occurs in the northwest and northeast trends. The Hannan uplift, the northern Sichuan uplift, the northern margin uplift and the Guangyuan-Wangcang sag have controlled the sedimentary pattern in the study area. It is indicated that prototype of the Guangyuan-Wangcang Trough began in the Middle Permian Qixia Stage. In the study area, the karst cave-type dolostone reservoir and the karst-type limestone reservoir around the Guangyuan-Wangcang sag rim are favorable exploration areas. 相似文献
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Sarah K. Schultz James A. MacEachern Octavian Catuneanu Shahin E. Dashtgard 《Sedimentology》2020,67(6):2974-3002
Variability in accommodation and sedimentation rates within a basin generates significant deviations in the along-strike stratal stacking patterns of systems tracts. This variability can lead to coeval depositional units that record the juxtaposition of transgressive (retrogradational) and regressive (progradational) stratal stacking patterns. In scenarios where transgressive and regressive units are deposited concurrently, challenges arise when attempting to correlate and place systems tracts into a sequence stratigraphic framework. In these scenarios, the maximum flooding surface records a high level of diachroneity, with the position of the surface variable throughout the stratigraphic column. In this study, Viking Formation (late Albian) deposits in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, central Alberta, Canada, preserve significant along-strike variability of palaeoshorelines that developed in response to autogenic processes as well as allogenic controls that were active during deposition. Specifically, structural reactivation of Precambrian basement structures during Viking deposition led to significant variability in depositional environments along the palaeoshoreline. The incremental basement reactivation of the Precambrian Snowbird Tectonic Zone influenced sedimentation patterns and the creation of anomalous zones of accommodation in localized areas of the basin. Across fault boundaries and within the anomalously thick strata, both progradational and retrogradational stacking patterns occur within broadly contemporaneous deposits, complicating the correlation of stratigraphic units. While the concomitant deposition of transgressive and regressive units has been documented in a number of modern marine analogues, the concept is rarely applied to ancient successions. By identifying along-strike variabilities in shoreline geometries and incorporating the autogenic and allogenic controls that were active during deposition, a more accurate sequence stratigraphic framework can be proposed. 相似文献
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During the late Miocene, the Guadalquivir Basin and its satellite basin, the Ronda Basin, were under Atlantic cool-water influence. The aim of our study is to develop a sequence stratigraphic subdivision of the Ronda Basin fill and to provide models for the cool-water carbonates. The Upper Miocene of the Ronda Basin can be divided into three depositional sequences. Sequence 1 is early Tortonian, Sequence 2 late Tortonian to earliest Messinian, and Sequence 3 Messinian in age. The sediments were deposited in a ramp depositional system. Sequence 1 is dominated by conglomerates and marls. In Sequence 2 and Sequence 3, carbonate deposits dominate in the inner ramp whereas siliciclastics preferentially occur in the middle and outer ramp. Bryomol carbonate sediments occur in all sequences whereas rhodalgal carbonates are restricted to Sequence 3. In bays protected from siliciclastic influx, rhodalgal deposits formed under transgressive conditions. A bryomol factory occurs in zones of continuous siliciclastic supply. This distribution results from facies partitioning during the flooding of the Ronda Basin, which has a rugged and irregular relief. Embayments were protected from siliciclastic influx and provided regions with less hydraulic energy. 相似文献
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S. Fu Y.-Z. Li Y.-R. Guo X.-M. Xu J.-J. Liu 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2018,65(6):823-850
The third-order sequences of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin were determined by a comprehensive analysis of surface outcrops, core, logging and seismic data. Natural gamma curves were studied by the band-pass method. The hidden stratigraphic sequence and six lithological cycles were extracted. By examining sequence boundaries and lithological cycles, we identified six third-order (including SQ1, SQ2, SQ3, SQ4, SQ5 and SQ6) and three second-order sequences in the Yanchang Formation. The sequence stratigraphy of the Ordos Basin was found to have the following special development characteristics: (1) the third-order sequence growths were totally stable, and the thickness of the Ordos Basin was relatively stable; (2) thick sand bodies did not form in lowstand systems because of underdeveloped slope breaks; (3) the third-order sequences had diverse features at different sedimentary periods; (4) the distribution of the depositional systems had various characteristics in different tectonic belts, and the entire sequence had the filling characteristics of multiprovenances and multicycles. The low-accommodation Ordos Basin in the Upper Triassic was limited by slow subsidence, gentle basement paleorelief, stable tectonic settings and sufficient sediment supply. The characteristics of the basin included stable developed sequences, limited preserved lowstand systems tracts, multiple depocentres and subsiding centres, development of many delta systems in the north and south of the basin controlled by the gradient of the basement paleorelief, and laterally stretching sediments. Results further indicated that the controlling factors of the third-order stratigraphic sequences of Yanchang Formation in the low-accommodation lacustrine Ordos Basin included sediment supply (provenance), climate and lake-level fluctuation. Overall, our case study indicated that the development characteristics and controlling factors of sequence stratigraphy in a low-accommodation lake basin provided a comprehensive method of establishing the sequence stratigraphic framework of a low-accommodation non-marine basin. Our results also predicted that the SQ3, SQ4 and SQ5 of the Qiaochuan and Zhidan areas favoured oil and gas prospecting of the Yanchang Formation. 相似文献
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The Late Carboniferous–Early Permian Itararé Group is a thick glacial unit of the Paraná Basin. Five unconformity-bounded sequences have been defined in the eastern outcrop belt and recognized in well logs along 400 km across the central portion of the basin. Deglaciation sequences are present in the whole succession and represent the bulk of the stratigraphic record. The fining-upward vertical facies succession is characteristic of a retrogradational stacking pattern and corresponds to the stratigraphic record of major ice-retreat phases. Laterally discontinuous subglacial tillites and boulder beds occur at the base of the sequences. When these subglacial facies are absent, deglaciation sequences lie directly on the basal disconformities. Commonly present in the lowermost portions of the deglaciation sequences, polymictic conglomerates and cross-bedded sandstones are generated in subaqueous proximal outwash fans in front of retreating glaciers. The overlying assemblage of diamictites, parallel-bedded and rippled sandstones, and Bouma-like facies sequences are interpreted as deposits of distal outwash fan lobes. The tops of the deglaciation sequences are positioned in clay-rich marine horizons that show little (fine-laminated facies with dropstones) or no evidence of glacial influence on the deposition and likely represent periods of maximum ice retreat. 相似文献
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在层序地层学和沉积学理论指导下,以油气勘探为目标,根据岩芯观察、岩石薄片鉴定分析、测井资料、地震资料,确定珠江口盆地（东部）珠江组主要发育：（1）碎屑岩沉积体系一三角洲、滨岸和浅海相;（2）碳酸盐岩沉积体系一开阔台地、台地边缘及台地前缘斜坡相。通过暴露标志、岩性岩相组合、生物组合及测井为主的层序界面识别,将珠江组划分为4个三级层序。在此基础上,对珠江口盆地（东部）珠江组取三级层序体系域或三级层序为成图单元,进行层序岩相古地理编图,详细探讨了珠江口盆地（东部）珠江组古地理特征及演化。结合各相带储集物性特征,认为珠江组SQ1-HST、SQ2-HST及SQ3晚期形成的台缘、台内礁滩沉积是寻找有利储集层的重要储集相带。 相似文献
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为明确鄂尔多斯盆地中南部上古生界层序特点与岩相古地理演化规律,利用周缘野外露头和盆地钻井测井相特征,分析层序界面、体系域界面的岩性、古构造及海侵方向变化特征,总结层序发育特点与岩相古地理演化规律。结果表明: 不同风化序列的区域性不整合面及海侵方向转换面为二级层序界面,区域性海退面、下切冲刷面及陆上暴露面为三级层序界面; 潮间带砂坪及近岸相海侵含砾砂岩顶为海侵面,最大海侵面发育灰岩、泥页岩及煤层,是海侵体系域与高位体系域分界面; 上古生界包括二级层序2个: MSQ1、MSQ2,三级层序6个: SQ1、SQ2、SQ3、SQ4、SQ5、SQ6,其中SQ1—SQ2发育水进体系域与高位体系域,不发育低位体系域,SQ1为潟湖—障壁海岸沉积体系,SQ2为泥炭坪—泥坪相潮坪沉积;SQ3—SQ6发育完整的低位—海侵—高位体系域,SQ3发育区域性海退进积海陆过渡相三角洲沉积,SQ4早期为低位体系域下切冲蚀砂体,晚期沉积古环境由温暖湿润还原环境演变为炎热干燥的氧化环境,SQ5—SQ6早中期为氧化环境三角洲沉积,SQ6晚期为高位体系域具海侵夹层的潮坪相沉积。研究为鄂尔多斯盆地及其他盆地层序与岩相古地理演化提供理论依据。 相似文献
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鄂尔多斯盆地山西组沉积环境讨论及其地质启示 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
鄂尔多斯盆地晚古生代经历了巨大的海陆变迁,并发生多次海侵。其中,关于本溪组-太原组的陆表海沉积环境经长期研究已达成广泛共识,而对处于海陆转换关键时期的山西组沉积环境问题至今存在较大争议。鉴此,本文在前人研究基础上,根据地层与古生物、沉积构造、岩性特征、成岩作用等地质依据,结合硼元素法所计算的古盐度、Sr/Ba比值以及硼、镓、铷三元素含量关系等不同地球化学测试分析结果,对早二叠世山西期沉积环境进行了较为深入的研究。认为山西期为陆表海背景下的海陆过渡沉积演化阶段,发育大面积分布的海陆过渡三角洲体系,到下石盒子期才完全进入陆相湖盆的沉积演化阶段。通过盆地山西组东西向与南北向地球化学基干剖面的建立,呈现古盐度和Sr/Ba比值由南向北、自西向东、层位自下而上总体减小的变化趋势,于山1晚期这种差异性基本消失,表明鄂尔多斯盆地山西期由南向北、层位自下而上受海水影响的规模与范围愈来愈弱。在此基础之上,将晚古生代鄂尔多斯盆地划分为3大沉积演化阶段,并建立了该时期盆地的基准面旋回层序地层格架。该成果认识对扩展和深入鄂尔多斯盆地油气勘探具有重要指导意义。 相似文献
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The paleogeographic evolution of Late Paleozoic basins located in southern South America is addressed. Three major types of basins are recognized: infracratonic or intraplate, arc-related, and retroarc. Intraplate basins (i.e., Paraná, Chaco-Paraná, Sauce Grande-Colorado, and La Golondrina) are floored by continental or quasi-continental crust, with low or moderate subsidence rates and limited magmatic and tectonic activity. Arc-related basins (northern and central Chile, Navidad–Arizaro, Río Blanco, and Calingasta–Uspallata basins and depocenters along Chilean Patagonia) show a very complex tectonic history, widespread magmatic activity, high subsidence rates, and in some cases metamorphism of Late Paleozoic sediments. An intermediate situation corresponds to the retroarc basins (eastern Madre de Dios, Tarija, Paganzo, and Tepuel-Genoa), which lack extensive magmatism and metamorphism but in which coeval tectonism and sedimentation rates were likely more important than those in the intraplate region. According to the stratigraphic distribution of Late Paleozoic sediments, regional-scale discontinuities, and sedimentation pattern changes, five major paleogeographic stages are proposed. The lowermost is restricted to the proto-Pacific and retroarc basins, corresponds to the Mississippian (stage 1), and is characterized by shallow marine and transitional siliciclastic sediments. During stage 2 (Early Pennsylvanian), glacial–postglacial sequences dominated the infracratonic (or intraplate) and retroarc basins, and terrigenous shallow marine sediments prevailed in arc-related basins. Stage 3 (Late Pennsylvanian–Early Cisuralian) shows the maximum extension of glacial–postglacial sediments in the Paraná and Sauce Grande-Colorado basins (intraplate region), whereas fluvial deposits interfingering with thin intervals of shallow marine sediments prevailed in the retroarc basins. To the west, arc-related basins were dominated by coastal to deep marine conditions (including turbiditic successions). In the Late Cisuralian (stage 4), important differences in sedimentation patterns are registered for the western arc-related basins and eastern intraplate basins. The former were locally dominated by volcaniclastic sediments or marine deposits, and the intraplate basins are characterized by shallow marine conditions punctuated by several episodes of deltaic progradation. Finally, in the Late Permian (stage 5), volcanism and volcaniclastic sedimentation dominated in basins located along the western South American margin. The intraplate basins in turn were characterized by T–R cycles composed of shallow marine, deltaic, and fluvial siliciclastic deposits. 相似文献