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1.
The globular to suboval microfossils with distinctively ornamented outer coverings interpreted as animal eggs and embryos have been discovered from the black phosphatic chert lentils of the Ediacaran (Terminal Proterozoic) Chambaghat Formation (Krol sandstone), Krol Group, Himachal Lesser Himalaya, India. Similar animal eggs and embryos have earlier been recorded only from the phosphorites of the uppermost Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation (Ca. 570±20 Ma) exposed at Weng’an, South China. Present record of eggs and embryos is comparable with extant eggs and embryos of cnidarians and bilaterians like molluscs, annelids and arthropods. The eggs and embryos from the Terminal Proterozoic rocks of India are the only one recorded from the equivalent stratigraphic horizon outside China. This discovery of eggs and embryos adds to the understanding the evolutionary trends in the Proterozoic metazoan life.  相似文献   

2.
贵州瓮安陡山沱期矿化生物群的研究进展和意义   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8  
贵州瓮安陡山沱期矿化(磷酸盐化和硅化)生物群的研究近年来倍受关注,它为研究包括后生动物在内的多细胞生物早期演化提供了十分难得的机遇。最近,由于其中部分磷酸盐化球状化石保存了与某些后生动物胚胎早期发育阶段类似的卵裂特征,被认为是后生动物的休眠卵和胚胎化石。但是,由于至今未发现可靠的囊胚期到原肠胚期和幼体孵化的化石证据,此类化石的动、植物之争一直没有停止。作者近期对该套含磷地层进行了系统的分析研究,除已报道的大量休眠卵和胚胎化石外,还发现保存原肠发育特征的磷酸盐化实体化石、蓝藻细胞集合体、可疑海绵动物化石及类似瓶形的不明化石等。研究表明,陡山沱期矿化生物群具有多样性特征,包含了多种门类的不同类型,是迄今为止全球保存最完好的未元古纪磷质化石库。  相似文献   

3.
王约  徐一帆 《现代地质》2007,21(3):469-478
贵州瓮安地区埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组上段产有保存良好的具有生物多样化特征、包含多种门类磷质球粒状化石库的“瓮安生物群”,成为地球早期生物特别是早期后生动物和动物胚胎化石研究的焦点地区。描述了产自瓮安陡山沱组“瓮安生物群”产出层位底部和之下层位的3个后生动物遗迹:Wenganichnus nanbaoensis(ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov.)为具有衬里和半月形回填构造的微弯曲的潜穴管; Doushantuoichnus curvatus(ichnogen. et ichnosp. nov. )为具有细小横纹脊的中沟和两排呈叠瓦状排列的小羽叶状凸起的表生迹;?Planolites ichnosp. 为任意弯曲的、与围岩岩性略有区别的长线状底迹突起。遗迹化石的形态特征表明它们的造迹生物为沿一定方向运动的、背部与腹部以及前部与后部分化的、两侧对称的蠕虫状后生动物,而非沉积构造。“瓮安生物群”中后生动物的卵和胚胎化石可能系不易保存的软躯体动物的卵和胚胎在水动力作用下与沉积物一起被搬运、沉积,埋藏于较高能浅水环境并处于休眠状态,且被保存。  相似文献   

4.
贵州台江早—中寒武世凯里组的宏观藻类化石   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
杨瑞东  赵元龙 《地质论评》1999,45(3):282-290
本文描述了贵州寒武纪凯里组中的宏观藻类化石7属12种,其中有6个新属10个新种;Bosworthia simulans,B.gyges,Eolaminaria grandis gen。et sp.nov。,E.perelegans gen。et sp。nov.,F.vein gen.et sp.nov.,Kailiphyton simulans gen.et sp.nov.,Palaeospine  相似文献   

5.
瓮安生物群中后生动物化石研究进展及问题讨论   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
贵州瓮安埃迪卡拉(震旦)纪陡山沱期磷酸盐化生物群具有生物多样性特征,包含有蓝菌、多细胞藻类、疑源类、后生动物休眠卵及胚胎、可疑的海绵动物、管状后生动物和微小两侧对称的后生动物等化石类型,是迄今为止全球保存最为完好的晚前寒武纪磷质化石库。瓮安陡山沱组磷质岩提供了早期生命从简单到复杂进化过程中的重要化石记录,展示了埃迪卡拉生物群出现以前早期多细胞生物的生命景观,为研究晚前寒武纪生物圈面貌提供了一个重要的埋葬学窗口。近来,通过醋酸浸解法,在贵州瓮安陡山沱期含磷地层中发现了大量疑似后生动物的实体化石(包含了所有已经报道的类型或与之相似的化石类型)新材料,为了解这些化石的内部构造特征,将一些化石包埋后制作了定向薄片。基于上述化石新材料,结合定向薄片的研究和前人的研究成果,本文详细介绍了瓮安生物群中后生动物化石研究的新进展和存在的问题。  相似文献   

6.
陕南早寒武世宽川铺生物群中保存了大量磷酸盐化动物胚胎化石和小壳化石.在已报道的这些胚胎化石中, 主要是囊胚期之后不同发育阶段的胚胎化石标本, 缺少卵裂期胚胎化石材料.报道了从宽川铺生物群中新发现的多枚从4分细胞、64分细胞、128分细胞、512分细胞到千分级细胞的卵裂期胚胎化石, 以及大量囊胚期、原肠胚期和不同孵化幼体阶段的化石标本, 他们共同构成了从单个细胞(Olivooides)经卵裂到囊胚、原肠胚, 再到孵化的锥形幼体(Punctatus)的完整胚胎发育序列.从卵裂子细胞数量的变化、形态的变化、排列方式及囊胚腔形态等特征, 基本上可与贵州瓮安生物群(地质时代为伊迪卡拉纪Ediacaran)中卵裂细胞化石对比.同时也可与一些现生的低等动物卵裂胚胎对比.新化石材料的发现, 不仅填补了宽川铺生物群中卵裂期胚胎化石的空白, 而且对揭示Olivooides胚胎的卵裂过程和特点, 探讨其亲缘关系, 以及后生动物的早期演化都具有十分重要的科学意义.   相似文献   

7.
Cambrian Fossil Embryos from Western Hunan,South China   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
The exquisitely preserved fossil embryos of Markuelia recovered from the limestones of the Middle Cambrian Haoqiao Formation and Upper Cambrian Bitiao formation in western Hunan, South China are described and illustrated in detail for the first time.A new species Markuelia elegans sp.nov.is established based mainly on embryos from the Upper Cambrian.A few of animal's resting eggs,which are comparable with those of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation,have been also found in the Upper Cambrian of western Hu...  相似文献   

8.
The Cambrian explosion is marked by the apparent sudden appearance of diverse metazoan skeletal fossils and an increase in the complexity of both body and trace fossils. Among them, fossil eggs and embryos from the Lower Cambrian Kuanchuanpu Member of the Dengying Formation at Ningqiang in southern China provide a unique window for investigating the ontogeny of metazoans. Gastrulation is the cell migration stage after cleavage, and can be viewed as the embryonic analog of the transition from protozoan to metazoan grades of complexity. As an example, the embryonic developmental sequences of Punctatus emeiensis is well-documented because of the stellate spines covering the body surface, that are shared with embryonic stages represented by Olivooides and their growth stages represented by P. emeiensis. Although Olivooides was considered to be a taxonomic mixture, consideration of its variation was neglected. A specific type of embryo with zigzag blastopore lips that differs from typical candidate embryos for P. emeiensis is identified; its gastrulation process is reconstructed and is comparable to the epibolic gastrulation of extant metazoans. Both the embryos and adults of this ‘type’ display radial symmetry, that suggests an affinity distinct from that of echinoderms. Moreover, the body plan of penta-radial symmetry seen widely in Early Cambrian ‘Small Shelly Fossils’ (SSF's) was probably deep rooted in the Ediacaran.  相似文献   

9.
1 Introduction The Burgess Shale Biota was discovered in the Cambrian strata of western Canada by American paleontologist C. D. Walcott in 1909 (Walcott, 1911). The fauna contains more than 140 metazoan genera (Robison, 1991, Briggs et al., 1994), with a preservational range from hard skeletal parts, non-mineralized remains and internal soft-tissue and soft-body remains. Following that discovery up to 40 similar taphonomic locations have been found globally in Lower and Middle Cambrian …  相似文献   

10.
陈孟莪 《地质科学》1979,14(3):279-282
我国寒武纪早期含磷岩系中产出丰富的小壳动物化石,其层位居于含老三叶虫动物群的层位之下。这个动物界早期演化的第二阶段--从软身躯演化而来初具硬骨髂的阶段,目前研究甚差,绝灭种类甚多,许多化石是分类位置未定的。1975年后,笔者和其他人先后在四川省峨眉县麦地坪,贵州省织金大院及湖北省宜昌县天柱山的寒武系底部含磷岩系中,用化学法处理出大量图钉形态的小壳化石。  相似文献   

11.
大青山地区寒武纪-奥陶纪地层分布零星,是由中生代逆冲推覆构造就位于此的一系列近东西向延展的构造岩片组成。下寒武统色麻沟组直接覆盖在太古界变质岩之上,缺失中元古界什那干群,寒武系与奥陶系之间呈假整合接触,标志着区内寒武纪与奥陶纪之间发生过一次抬升构造运动,其形成机制与古亚洲洋内的稳定陆快向华北板块拼贴事件有关,是早奥陶世末期华北板块整体抬升的序幕。这个层序界面的认识,对于恢复华北板块北部边缘构造演化历史具有重要意义。  相似文献   

12.
Throughout the geological history of the Earth, submarine hydrothermal activity has played an important role in seawater chemistry, biological evolution and enrichment of metals in the Earth crust. However, the prospect of hydrothermal activity for extreme element accumulation during the early Cambrian, a key geological period, in South China has not been well-constrained. This study reports geochemical (e.g. REE and Sr isotope) investigations of a coarse-grained limestone layer and associated calcite veins in Zunyi and Nayong areas, Guizhou Province, to constrain the hydrothermal activity and evaluate the significance of hydrothermal contribution to extreme element accumulation during the early Cambrian, South China. Our results reveal positive Eu anomalies and higher initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7083–0.7150) for carbonate samples than those of early Cambrian seawater, indicating the presence of hydrothermal processes. Combined with constraints from the spatial relationships and coincidence with adjacent mineralization, these hydrothermal processes provide the most probable contribution for polymetallic Ni–Mo–PGE mineralization. Furthermore, there are abundant hydrothermal dolomite and barite-calcite veins in the dolostone of the Dengying Formation, indicating the occurrence of a variety of hydrothermal fluids. Overall, multi-stage hydrothermal pulses with different fluid compositions spanned the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition in South China. In particular, these hydrothermal fluids with positive Eu anomalies and enriched radiogenic Sr, originating from Proterozoic mafic/ultramafic rocks, may have flowed through the underlying Precambrian silicate clastic rocks (e.g., Xiajiang, Banxi and Lengjiaxi Groups) and may have been crucial for the marine environment, biological diversity and extreme element accumulation during the early Cambrian, South China.  相似文献   

13.
我国早期生命进化研究的进展和展望   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
概述了中国在晚前寒武纪——寒武纪生物化石群研究多方面(尤其是大化石)的主要成就。其中,近年发现的震旦纪陡山沱期化石生物(包括庙河生物群和蓝田植物群),对植物界的进化说来是个重要阶段;早寒武世澄江生物群(包括软躯体生物和软部保存的带骨骼生物)早于国外著名的布吉斯页岩生物群,逼近了带骨骼动物最初的爆发式辐射期。这些珍稀化石的研究将促进对早期生物进化历程的重新认识。这个研究领域有无可限量的前景。  相似文献   

14.
文章对采自华北板块山东潍坊、河北唐山和辽宁大连的寒武系开腔骨类化石的新材料进行了研究,这些化石鉴定为 Chancelloria 属。辽宁大连地区的Chancelloria 产自寒武系第二统第四阶馒头组下部的黄绿色页岩;山东潍坊地区的 Chancelloria 产自苗岭统乌溜阶馒头组上部的黄绿色页岩和鼓山阶张夏组的深灰色中厚层灰岩;河北唐山地区的Chancelloria 产于芙蓉统江山阶长山组的薄层灰岩,该层位是目前Chancelloria 属在中国产出的最高层位,也是全球的最高层位之一。这 些来自华北寒武系第二统—芙蓉统的Chancelloria 骨片与早期的骨片相比,展现出骨片形态趋于规则、基面从浑圆趋于平 整、骨片整合度提升的特点,进一步印证了之前关于此类问题的研究结论。  相似文献   

15.
文章对采自华北板块山东潍坊、河北唐山和辽宁大连的寒武系开腔骨类化石的新材料进行了研究,这些化石鉴定为 Chancelloria 属。辽宁大连地区的Chancelloria 产自寒武系第二统第四阶馒头组下部的黄绿色页岩;山东潍坊地区的 Chancelloria 产自苗岭统乌溜阶馒头组上部的黄绿色页岩和鼓山阶张夏组的深灰色中厚层灰岩;河北唐山地区的Chancelloria 产于芙蓉统江山阶长山组的薄层灰岩,该层位是目前Chancelloria 属在中国产出的最高层位,也是全球的最高层位之一。这 些来自华北寒武系第二统-芙蓉统的Chancelloria 骨片与早期的骨片相比,展现出骨片形态趋于规则、基面从浑圆趋于平 整、骨片整合度提升的特点,进一步印证了之前关于此类问题的研究结论。  相似文献   

16.
贵州瓮安震旦纪陡山沱期磷酸盐化球状化石的新观察   总被引:16,自引:2,他引:16       下载免费PDF全文
尹崇玉  高林志等 《地质学报》2001,75(2):145-150,T001,T002
我国贵州瓮安陡山沱期磷块岩中的磷酸盐化球状化石是近年来受到广泛关注的一类微体化石。对于它们的生物亲缘认识,长期以来存在着动植物之争,特别是近年来一些学者发现,部分磷酸盐化球状化石内部保存了2、4、8、16等几何级数增长的细胞特征,根据化石的大小、细胞排列方式和表面纹饰可与现生甲壳类动物的胚胎比较,认为它们很可能是运动胚胎化石,但另一些学者却持截然不同的观点,认为它们不是动物胚胎化石的观察与研究,同时结合相同层位岩石薄片所发现的大量同类化石微细结构的对比。特别是把磷块岩中的化石与燧石中发现的化石详细比较,对一些磷酸盐化球状化石的归属和亲缘关系进行探讨,研究表明贵州瓮安陡山沱期燧石中发现的化石详细比较,对一些磷酸盐化球状化石的归属和亲缘关系进行探讨。研究表明贵州瓮安陡山沱期磷酸盐化微体化石群具有多样性特征,包含不同门类,是迄今为止全球保存最好的晚新元古代磷酸盐化的化石库。  相似文献   

17.
薛耀松  周传明 《地层学杂志》2006,30(1):64-74,i0003
扬子区早寒武世早期的磷酸盐化小壳化石的发现,为早期动物演化及震旦系-寒武系界线地层的划分与对比研究做出了重要贡献。但碳酸盐岩地层中的这类小壳化石易于被风化剥离出来并成为磷质颗粒再沉积,这种现象在地层中常能遇到,它会给对某些生物分布时限的确定和地层对比造成混乱。考虑早寒武世一些主要小壳化石的再沉积和地层对比时要注意以下问题:1)带和带的磷质小壳化石产于Paokannia或Hunanocephalus的层位,它们无疑是再沉积的;2)组合带标志性化石与组合带标准化石共生,应判定其沉积时期为组合带时;3)扬子台地区的梅树村阶地层大都不全或缺失,保存的梅树村阶地层普遍与震旦系灯影组不同层位假整合接触,其岩性及生物特征均与下伏地层不同,另建组级地层单位是合理的;4)“杨家沟段”、“西蒿坪段”、“宝石坡组”不能作为灯影组顶部地层,它们是水井沱组沉积旋回的一部分,更不能因它们是筇竹寺期的沉积而把“灯影组”顶界上升到筇竹寺阶;5)滇东北地区大海段中产有丰富的Heraultipegmayunnanensis,它与Siphogonuchitestriangularis和Paragloborilussubglobosus共生,分布局限,其他地区仅在组合带中零星分布,所以在S.triangularis-P.subglo-bosus组合带()的上部建立一个H.yunnanensis组合亚带似乎更合适些。  相似文献   

18.
华南下寒武统一直引起地质学家们的关注。最近,于贵州织金戈仲伍及金沙岩孔2条剖面的下寒武统牛蹄塘组底部发现数层粘土岩,采用x射线衍射分析方法(XRD)、X荧光光谱法(XRF)及电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP—MS)对其进行了矿物学和地球化学研究。矿物学分析显示所研究的粘土岩的矿物组合包括:伊利石、伊利石一蒙脱石混层矿物、蒙脱石、高岭石、石英、云母、角闪石、长石、锆石等。主量元素含量分析显示粘土岩ω(K20)介于4.05%~5.75%之间,平均值为4.76%,明显高于典型的以蒙脱石为主要矿物的斑脱岩。粘土岩的微量元素含量特征表现为:相对于地壳页岩,其亲石元素,Ih、Y、Nb、Zr、Hf、Ga、U等含量较高,亲铁元素Ni、co含量较低,火山活动产物中的标志元素As含量亦较高。球粒陨石标准化多元素蜘蛛图解显示所有粘土岩样品相对亏损Rb、Nb、Pb、Sr,相对富集Ba、U;球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图显示它们具有右倾的轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损且具负Eu异常的稀土元素配分模式。矿物学及地球化学特征表明它们成因上属于由火山凝灰物质经水解、成岩及蚀变作用形成的钾质斑脱岩,代表了早寒武世时期于贵州地区发生的3期火山活动。通过Nb/Y—Zr/TiO2:图解判别,认为研究区钾质斑脱岩的原始岩浆性质为中酸性岩浆;进一步通过(Y+Nb)-Rb构造判别图解投影,获得了钾质斑脱岩的源火山喷发于板内拉张环境的地球动力学信息。由于新发现的钾质斑脱岩与华南下寒武统Ni—Mo—PGE矿床存在密切的时空联系,因此,我们认为钾质斑脱岩的发现为解释由火山作用贡献了成矿物质的矿床成因观点提供了新的研究线索。  相似文献   

19.
早寒武世梅树村期小壳化石处于"寒武纪生命大爆发"的第一幕,对于揭示后生动物起源至关重要。对陕南宽川铺地区早寒武世早期宽川铺组第一个小壳化石组合带中发现的动物球状胚胎化石进行大量观察,发现了两枚Olivooides-like的新型动物胚胎化石。此类化石的胚胎表面并非Punctatus Emeiensis常见的密集分布的典型或非典型的尖刺状结构,而是呈基端具螺旋状环褶、末端较圆滑的锥状突起。新型动物卵的发现暗示了早寒武世梅树村期动物化石卵的多样性很可能发端于新元古代埃迪卡拉纪。  相似文献   

20.
Protoliths of highly metamorphosed gneisses from the Erzgebirge are deduced from the morphology, age and chemistry of zircons as well as from whole rock geochemistry and are compared with lower-grade rocks of Lusatia. Gneisses with similar structural appearance and/or geochemical pattern may have quite different protoliths. The oldest rocks in the Erzgebirge are paragneisses representing meta-greywackes and meta-conglomerates. The youngest group of zircon of meta-greywackes that did not undergo Pb loss represents the youngest igneous component for source rocks (about 575 Ma). Similar ages and zircon morphology reflect the subordinate formation of new zircon grains or only zircon rims in the augengneiss from Bärenstein and Wolkenstein, which probably represent metamorphic equivalents to Lower Cambrian two-mica granodiorites from Lusatia. Bulk rock chemistry, intense fracturing and high U and Th concentrations of zircons suggest deformation-induced and fluid-enhanced recrystallisation of zircon grains. Temperatures during tectonic overprinting—too low to reset zircon ages—indicate mid- or upper crustal levels for shearing recorded in these augengneisses. Lower Cambrian (~540 Ma) granodiorites are widespread in Lusatia but are exclusively represented by the Freiberg gneiss dome in the Eastern Erzgebirge. Ordovician protolith ages were recorded by zircons from the augengneisses of the Reitzenhain–Catherine dome and the Schwarzenberg dome (Western Erzgebirge) documenting significant regional differences between the eastern and the western Erzgebirge (~540 vs. ~490 Ma). In the Western Erzgebirge, most meta-volcanic rocks (muscovite gneisses) and meta-granites (mainly red augengneisses) yield Ordovician zircon ages, whereas in the Eastern part, similar rocks mainly recorded Lower Cambrian protolith ages. Zircon overprinting was highest within discrete tectonic zones where the combination of fluid infiltration and deformation induced variable degrees of recrystallisation and formation of a new augengneiss structure. Variable degrees of Pb loss caused age shifts that do not correspond to changes in zircon morphology but may be associated with U and Th enrichments. Major changes in bulk rock composition appear to be restricted to discrete zones and to (U)HP nappes, whereas gneisses with a MP–MT metamorphic overprint basically show no geochemical modifications.  相似文献   

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