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1.
A dissected valley system along the central portion of the Labrador upper slope has been investigated using geophysical and submersible observations. The complex slope is a result of mass wasting on a steep slope gradient which appears to be independent of processes on the bank top. Small scale slumping and creep, a result of biological activity and iceberg rafting, and large-scale debris flows occur presently below 750 m water depth. A recent debris flow in the valley was examined in detail. Degraded iceberg scour marks are the principal sea bed feature above 750 m water depth. 相似文献
2.
针对水下桩墩的局部冲刷问题,提出一种适用范围广、防冲促淤效果显著的防护措施。该防护措施把一种相对密度略大于水、几何特征特殊的中性网格结构完全覆盖在冲刷坑或可能出现冲刷坑的床面上,以减弱冲刷坑内水动力,促进泥沙落淤,达到减轻局部冲刷的目的。通过数值模拟和水槽试验探讨了中性网格结构对圆桩周围冲刷坑内水动力及床面形态的影响,并研究了网孔尺寸对防冲促淤效果的影响规律。结果表明：该中性网格结构能显著减小局部冲刷坑内的流速,有效抑制局部冲刷,且对桩前来流来沙的影响微弱。孔径比7.7的网格防护结构可以使无黏性沙床上圆桩的局部冲刷深度减少92%,已存在的冲刷坑则可被修复73%。这些研究成果为桩墩局部冲刷防护提供一种新的思路。 相似文献
3.
Side-scan sonar and sub-bottom profiling investigations of the Iceland-Faeroe Ridge have revealed the widespread presence
of iceberg plowmarks at water depths between 750 and 860 m. This is well beyond the maximum water depth reported for ice scouring
in the adjacent areas of the North Atlantic. An exceptionally deep iceberg plowmark was found at the southern flank of the
ridge, which could be traced down to 940 m water depth. Supported by published nearby sediment core data, a Saalian (MIS 6)
age of that iceberg plowmark is suggested. Considering a glacial sea level of 120 m below present, the paleo-draft of this
iceberg is estimated to have been at least 820 m. The keel depth of such giant icebergs drifting in the glacial northern North
Atlantic significantly exceeds the draft dimensions of large icebergs seen today in the Antarctic. The most likely source
area for this extreme deep-draft type of iceberg is inferred to be southern Greenland. Plowmark direction, which in our case
indicates iceberg entrainment by the North Atlantic Current, is suggested to be a useful indicator of (sub)surface paleo-circulation
during late Pleistocene iceberg surging and deglaciation episodes. 相似文献
4.
海上风电场桩基局部冲刷是工程设计与运行阶段的重要参数之一。基于湛江某海上风电场桩基3次现场局部冲刷实测数据,进行冲刷坑最大深度、冲刷坑半径和冲淤变化特征的分析与研究;根据桩基局部冲刷经验公式,采用工程海域实测海洋水文动力学数据进行最大冲刷深度与冲刷半径的计算,并进行公式计算值的对比与分
析。结果表明:桩基础在防冲刷设施的保护下,3次实测最大冲刷深度基本稳定为4.0 m,最大冲刷深度与桩径之比为0.57。而经验公式的最大冲刷深度与桩径之比均超过了1.1,说明桩基防冲刷设施取得了一定的效果,冲刷坑半径的计算值与现场实测值吻合较好。建议海上风电场在运行阶段进一步加强桩基冲刷坑监测与防护。 相似文献
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基于瓯江口外潮汐通道区的历史水深地形资料,利用地理信息系统技术,建立不同年份的数字高程模型(DEM),利用DEM进行数字化冲淤定量计算,分析特征地貌冲淤演变过程,并结合水文泥沙条件,对其演变和调整机制进行了初步探讨。结果表明:(1)1933—2005年的72 a间,瓯江口外潮汐通道区底床总体表现为微量冲刷,平均冲刷厚度为27 cm,冲刷速率为0.375 cm/a。(2)特征地貌单元经历了较大幅度的冲淤演变和形态调整,深槽处于较稳定的冲刷拓展过程;温州浅滩持续淤积,近年来人类活动的影响加快其淤积;中沙浅滩和重山沙嘴受冲刷移动最终合二为一。(3)在自然的潮流动力作用下,浅滩与深槽之间进行泥沙交换运移,是研究区滩槽冲淤演变的主要调整机制。 相似文献
6.
基于Flow-3D软件,建立抗拖网海床基沙土基床冲刷的三维数学模型,控制水流流速和泥沙粒径,对不同条件下抗拖网海床基周围沙土基床的冲刷进行数值模拟,并分析了抗拖网海床基最大冲刷深度随这两种因素改变的趋势。结果表明,抗拖网海床基沙土基床冲刷坑深度随海流流速增大而增加,在设定其他条件不改变的情况下,冲刷坑的加深速度随着流速增大会逐渐减缓,最终达到冲淤平衡。同时,由于海底环境复杂多变,导致模型与实际情况有一定的差异,还需在后续的研究中进一步进行优化。 相似文献
7.
Stability of many ocean structures is affected by seabed scour induced by under-currents. The depth of scour is an important parameter for determining the minimum depth of foundations as it reduces the lateral capacity of the foundations. A review of the literature reveals that there is not much information available in the field of scour in cohesive soils. Hence, a detailed laboratory testing programme on model piles of diameters 50 mm to 110 mm embedded in soft silty clay soil was carried out in a wave flume of 30 m long, 2.0 m wide and 1.7 m deep, which has the capability of simulating steady currents. Scour around the pile due to steady streaming is monitored by using special instrumentation. A procedure has been suggested to predict the ultimate scour depths based on the observed variation in scour depth over a limited time period. The study indicates that the ultimate scour depth is controlled by diameter of obstruction, current velocity, model Reynolds number, flow Froude number, shear stress, and soil characteristics. Based on these results, a few functional relationships are suggested between scour depth and other parameters like Reynolds number, Froude number, and strength of the soil bed. 相似文献
8.
长江口南北港分汊口河段新浏河沙护滩潜堤及南沙头通道潜堤工程是典型的航道整治工程,经调查发现限流潜堤冲刷坑在两侧余排外对称分布,12 m以深等深线呈不连续坑状,南侧个别区段冲刷坑已侵入排内。基于工程地形监测和地质资料分析,通过现场水深测量、旁扫声纳扫测、潜水探摸、水文观测和三维潮流数学模型计算等手段,对限流潜堤排外局部冲刷情况和发生原因进行研究。研究结果表明潜堤排外冲刷是越顶水流长期作用所致,冲刷发展变化具有代表性,冲刷最大深度与地质条件有一定相关性。潜堤南侧护底余排边缘局部余排受外力损毁,引起排内冲刷,如进一步发展会影响堤身及结构安全,需对护底损坏部位进行修复以保证整治建筑物护底功能正常发挥。 相似文献
9.
长江口深水航道整治一期工程南导提丁坝群头局部冲刷试验研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
采用双向稳定水流、清水定床、局部动床的试验方法，用正态模型研究长江口深水航道整治一期工程南导堤丁坝群坝头局部冲刷问题。结果表明，航道开挖和双本坝的存在使得下游流速有所增加，影响程度落潮大于涨潮。坝头局部冲刷主要受落潮流控制，在沿深度为单一砂粉底质情况下，坝头冲刷坑深度分别达到27m和29m；考虑到原状底质下部为极难起动的粘土，实际冲刷坑底界到达粘土层后就不再刷深，此时冲刷坑深度为7．4m和4．7m，冲刷坑的平面范围有所加大。工程设计提出的护坦尺度能较好地保护坝头前沿滩地，适当缩小护坦尺度也能起到保护作用，但冲刷范围明显增大。 相似文献
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长江口沙波分布区桥墩局部冲刷深度计算公式的改进 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用多波束水深仪、浅地层剖面仪和多普勒流速仪对长江口苏通大桥南、北主墩区域现场测量,结果显示主墩周围最大冲刷深度为8.3 m和19.6 m。建墩前后河床形态变化显著,建墩后桥墩所在床面由平床改变为典型不对称沙波发育,平均波长为30.8 m和23.1 m,平均波高为4.2 m和9.4 m,陡坡朝向下游。基于实测水文条件和地形资料,以沙波起动流速和落急最大流速分别取代单向流作用下"平床"假定的桥墩局部冲刷计算公式中单颗粒泥沙的起动流速和墩前流速,获得河口涨落潮双向流作用下沙波底床桥墩局部冲刷计算公式。且该公式计算的苏通大桥南、北主墩局部冲刷深度为9.5 m和22.1 m,非常接近实测值。 相似文献
12.
根据1979,1996和2009年3个时期水深地形数据,利用GIS软件分析了岱山水道西部潮滩、水下岸坡和深槽区2个时段的冲淤变化。结果显示:1979-1996年的17 a间,研究区大部分区域冲淤幅度-般在±1 m以内,只有深槽局部区域冲刷大于2 m;1996-2009年的13 a间,潮滩区冲淤变化与1979-1996年间类似,有±1 m冲淤变化,而水下岸坡和深槽区的冲刷幅度明显加大,水下岸坡平均冲刷幅度达2 m,深槽区平均冲刷幅度达3 m。据分析, 1996年以后,水下岸坡和深槽区冲刷幅度明显加大的主要原因有两个:-是岱山水道水流流速较快,粘土质的底质容易遭受冲刷;另-个是在潮滩区至水下岸坡间建设了码头和栈桥,浅水区水流部分受阻,导致深水区域流速加大,从而加剧了水下岸坡和深槽区域的冲刷幅度。 相似文献
13.
基于开源的计算流体力学模式REEF3D,建立了海底管道局部冲刷水槽数值模型,在验证单向流实验结果的基础上,进一步对往复流作用下的海底管道局部冲刷机制进行了研究,并作对比分析。研究表明,总体上往复流对管道所在海床的局部冲刷规模比单向流弱。当流向改变后,原先下游的堆积区转变成上游,优先受到冲刷,并填充到管道下方的冲刷坑,同时使水流在管道下方的作用减弱。这种回填过程使短周期下的往复流作用需要更长的冲淤平衡时间。在回填与冲刷的共同作用下,上下游的冲刷坑坡度会因流向变化而变化。 相似文献
14.
采用计算流体力学—离散元耦合方法（CFD-DEM）模拟海底管道床面的冲刷过程。经过模型验证,该方法的计算结果与前人的研究具有较好的一致性,证明其可以应用于海底管道周围的冲刷模拟计算。冲刷初期的结果增强了目前对启动阶段粒子运动机理的理解,即管前后压力梯度造成的渗流作用导致粒子运动。对完整冲刷过程的模拟中,发现冲刷分为冲刷启动阶段、间隙冲刷阶段和尾迹冲刷阶段。间隙冲刷阶段管道下方粒子具有较大速度,冲刷坑快速向下方发展。进入尾迹冲刷阶段后,管道后方出现周期性脱落的涡旋,沙丘上的粒子速度更大。同时利用DEM更具直观性的独特优势,首次得到了14个典型位置处颗粒的运动轨迹和运动速度,对于理解冲刷过程中粒子的运动情况具有较大帮助。 相似文献
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The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of parameters for local scour depth around submarine pipes due to waves. Because it is impossible to consider all the factors that influence the scour, it is reasonable to investigate the correlations between parameters and scour. The experimental works about scour were performed for the conditions of 40, 60, 90 m pipe diameter, various wave periods, and wave height in the case of horizontal bed and 1/10 slope bed, respectively. Analyzing the results of experiments, the Reynolds number, Shields parameter, Keulegan-Carpenter number, Ursell number, and Modified Ursell number were estimated. The correlations between the relative scour depth, which is the maximum equilibrium local scour depth divided by the pipe diameter, and 5 parameters were analyzed. It was shown that there was hardly any correlation with the Reynolds number. In the case of a horizontal bed, the Keulegan-Carpent number had the highest correlation, but in the case of the slope bed the correlation was greatly reduced. The modified Ursell number showed a high correlation regardless of the type of bed. 相似文献
17.
黄河水下三角洲沉积物输运及海底冲淤研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据黄河水下三角洲的特点,建立了一个垂直平均二维沉积物输运数学模型,结合潮流和沉积物资料,模拟研究了沉积物输运机制和海底冲淤演变过程。模拟结果表明,垂直河口射流的潮流决定了本区沉积物净输运的总体格局,风应力对悬浮泥沙和推移质泥沙运动也起到重要作用。潮流底应力和活动层厚度分布表明,黄河口门和埕岛油田附近海域是潮流底应力和活动层厚度高值区,为沉积物活跃区,海底稳定性弱,易于侵蚀再搬运。冲淤计算表明,埕岛油田附近海域为冲刷中心区;现在河口水下三角洲在断流时为冲刷区,正常行河时则转为淤积区。 相似文献
18.
The flow-structure interaction in an ocean environment, for a pile placed in an erodible bed where currents and waves are of prime concern, changes the bed elevation due to scour in the vicinity of the obstruction. There are certain difficulties in predicting the scour depth, as the particulate movement of sediments due to scour is time-dependent. Considering the complexity of the problem, an instrumentation system has been developed for measuring scour depth with time. This paper outlines the experimental laboratory techniques used to measure scour around pile foundations in silty-clay sediments. Detailed laboratory testing on model piles having a diameter of 50-110 mm was carried out in a wave flume having a length of 30 m and a width of 2.0 m. The motivation of these studies is to obtain observational experience of scour rate in silty-clay soil. Scour depths were monitored continuously for different combinations of wave characteristics and current velocities, and scour-time history is measured. Based on the measurements, a relationship for the scour depth in terms of duration of flow, soil properties, model characteristics, and fluid parameters is presented. 相似文献
19.
根据2018年多波束测深系统、双频ADCP获得的横沙岛北侧岸坡水下地形与水动力实测数据,并结合历史地形资料分析该区域冲刷特征与发展趋势。结果表明:横沙北侧岸坡存在近岸冲刷坑,最大冲深约7 m;2002—2018年期间,冲刷坑附近河床经历冲-淤-冲的演变模式,整体呈冲刷状态;2007年后冲刷坑开始形成,并向下游延伸。这主要是因为青草沙水库工程的建设导致北港上段束窄,下段主流南移贴岸,使得近岸河床冲刷加剧。另外,横沙东滩促淤圈围工程抑制了北港与北槽间的水量交换,横沙岛近岸水域水动力进一步增强,也是岸坡冲刷的原因之一。分析表明大潮期间水流处于次饱和状态,岸坡表层泥沙起动流速略小于落急时刻水流流速,横沙北侧岸坡的冲刷可能会继续发展。 相似文献