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深海沉积物分类与命名 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
详细分析了国内外深海沉积物分类与命名现状,迄今为止深海沉积物分类与命名问题没有很好解决。在调查研究南海、太平洋深海沉积物分类与命名基础上,提出了分类简便、科学合理、量化的深海沉积物分类与命名新方法,应用该方法得出南海东部海域深海沉积物有深海粘土、硅质粘土、钙质粘土、硅钙质粘土、钙质软泥、粘土质钙质软泥、粘土质-硅质钙质软泥、粘土-硅质-钙质混合软泥、粘土质硅质-钙质混合软泥、钙质硅质-粘土混合软泥。这10种沉积物基本上客观地反映了南海东部海域深海沉积物分布的实际情况,分类效果良好。 相似文献
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南海东部海域表层沉积物类型的研究 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
南海东部海域表层沉积物可被分为11种类型:含岩块砾石黏土质粉砂、贝壳珊瑚砂、黏土质粉砂、钙质黏土、钙质软泥、有孔虫砂、深海黏土、含铁锰微粒粉砂质黏土、硅质黏土、含火山灰硅质黏土、含火山灰粉砂质黏土.这些类型按物源和成因可被分为陆源碎屑、钙质碎屑和硅质碎屑、火山碎屑3大类型,其中陆源碎屑分布面积约占50%,钙质碎屑占20%,硅质碎屑和火山碎屑各占15%.在物质来源、海底地形、火山作用、生物作用、水动力条件等因素影响和控制下,由于沉积环境的差异,故区内褐色类沉积物最多(60.68%),灰色类沉积物次之(38.20%),黄色类沉积物最少(1.12%).台湾省以南到17°N以北海区沉积物以陆源沉积物分布为主;巴士海峡以西海区沉积物较粗,常含砂岩块和砾石;东沙群岛以东海区钙质生物碎屑沉积丰富;中、西部海区以含铁锰微粒沉积物为主;中、南部海区水深大,主要分布硅质沉积物;南部海区、礼乐滩北缘沉积物受礼乐滩珊瑚碎屑影响大,沉积物类型为钙质软泥. 相似文献
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M. S. Barash T. A. Khusid A. G. Matul M. P. Chekhovskaya N. Biebow D. Nürnberg R. Tiedemann 《Oceanology》2008,48(1):105-113
Benthic foraminifera are investigated in sediment core LV28-34-2 (53°51.971′N, 146°47.499′E, sea depth 1431 m, core length 965 cm). The distribution of foraminifera is studied in coarse-grained (>0.125 mm) sediment fractions of 191 samples taken with a step of 5 cm. The core covers the interval from oxygen isotope stage (OIS) 6 up to the Holocene. The foraminiferal assemblages of the penultimate (OIS 6) and last (OIS 5d-2) glaciations are characterized by low abundances and prevalence of Uvigerina auberiana. The specific structure of the OIS 6 assemblages differs from the last glaciation ones by the mass presence of Cassidulina teretis, which characterizes low temperatures and a high influx of organic matter to the sea floor. The major factor responsible for the weak development of benthic foraminifers during the glacial time is the deficiency of food resources. The foraminiferal assemblage of the interglacial optimum (OIS 5e) is composed of both calcareous and agglutinated species (Martinottiella communis).The inflow of Pacific waters was probably more intensive, the bioproductivity was higher, and the critical carbonate compensation depth was shallower at that time than during the glaciations. During the deglaciation, the quantity and structure of the foraminiferal assemblages reflected two pulses of warming (terminations 1B and 1A) with an intervenient cooling event (Younger Dryassic). The assemblages of warm periods were characterized by exclusively high foraminiferal abundances, which sharply decreased during the Younger Dryassic cooling. The specific structure of the foraminiferal assemblage during deglaciation was relatively uniform, being composed of only calcareous taxa typical of highly productive areas of the ocean. The paleoenvironmental conditions were similar to the conditions of the interglacial optimum (OIS 5e), although the preservation of calcareous tests is better. In the Holocene sediments, the concentration of benthic foraminifera is substantially lower than during the deglaciation, which is explainable by their dilution in the sediments by diatoms; the composition of the foraminiferal assemblages is similar to that of their glacial counterparts. 相似文献
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Michael J. Cruickshank 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(1):85-86
Abstract The engineering properties of deep continental margin sediments were determined on a worldwide basis. Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) core data and material were utilized from over 900 cores obtained from 89 sites, primarily on the continental margins. Cores were recovered from penetrations to 200 m in water depths averaging 3000 m. Supplementary laboratory testing on selected cores was directed toward determining index properties and shear strength properties of the sediments. The study included a literature review of deep‐sea soil properties, the results of which are to be used by DSDP to evaluate foundation conditions for reentry cones with long casing strings. The results will also be used for a feasibility study of an ultradeepwater marine riser and well‐control system. The marine sediments examined can be divided into three main types: clay, calcareous ooze, and siliceous ooze. Sediment distribution consisted of 48% calcareous ooze, 43% clay, 6% siliceous ooze, and 3% volcanic ash. Because of the sample disturbance inherent in the deepwater coring operation, emphasis was placed on analyzing sediment properties not significantly affected by changes in in situ stresses and structure caused by sampling. Averages and ranges in values of water content and unit weight are presented for the three main sediment types. Plasticity and strength characteristics are discussed in detail and the elastic and compression properties are outlined. The geotechnical properties of deep continental margin soils are summarized. 相似文献
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搜集汇总黄河口埕岛海域地质勘察资料,研究该区土性参数区域分布特征,包括分析海域内土体类别,绘制不同区域内地基承载力、标贯击数、粘粒含量、含水量、孔隙比和液塑限等值线图.研究发现,海域表层土体主要由粉土和粉质粘土组成,此外还有小面积的粉砂和淤泥质土,中部大面积地区为粉土,东南区域分布有粉质粘土和淤泥质土;地基承载力较高的区域主要分布在海域中部与西南部,海域的北部与东南部土体强度较低,并且含水量、孔隙比和液塑限也较大,土性区域变化与水深变化特性较为一致.最后分析土性区域变化机理认为,极端海况下该区土体发生液化剪切破坏,沿斜坡滑移运动一定距离后再次沉积可形成这种现象. 相似文献
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本文以太平洋CC区西区12个表层沉积物样品作为研究对象,对其粒度、化学组分和矿物成分进行分析,讨论其沉积环境和物质来源。研究区地处深海,主要以深海黏土和硅钙质黏土为主,含有少量的硅质黏土、黏土质硅质软泥和黏土质钙质软泥。黏土矿物成分主要是蒙皂石和伊利石,含有部分的高岭石和绿泥石。黏土矿物组成表明,区内沉积物主要是陆源,由高空气流携带而来,南极底流和热液活动对其物源的来源有一定影响。沉积物地球化学特征也表明,物源以陆源为主,稀土元素分布曲线和北太平洋表层海水稀土曲线类似,且表现出强的Ce亏损,表明生物活动导致的生物沉降对表层沉积物也有一定的影响。 相似文献
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Reworked microfossils, common in Paleogene sediments in Jordan, are here used to reconstruct the depositional environment. The reworked taxa, which include both calcareous nannofossils and foraminifera of Cretaceous and Paleocene age, were found in Eocene oil shales. The potential provenance of the reworked material and the underlying processes of the reworking are discussed. We differentiate between a subaerial erosion of exposed hinterland strata and a submarine abrasion of sediments.A total of 73 smear slides have been prepared to identify calcareous nannofossils, another fifteen samples were analyzed for foraminifera. The allochthonous calcareous nannofossil and foraminifera taxa can be linked to a lithified source, which was eroded and transported with both calcitic lithic fragments and organic matter. Multiple factors controlling the transport of the reworked taxa during the time of deposition have been investigated for the Jordanian oil shales. Climate changes are thought to be the cause for changes in the abundance patterns and in the composition of the reworked taxa. The input of common autochthonous components during arid phases and more allochthonous sediment particles during humid periods filled the Eocene sink. A fall in relative sea level, perhaps in combination with increased storm activity, caused a transport of reworked material to deeper parts of the Azraq Hamza Sub-basin. The relative sea level changes in turn were related to syndepositional movements, redefining the shape of the Azraq Hamza Sub-basin and its internal fault-block architecture. 相似文献
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基于PXRF的西南印度洋脊硫化物表层沉积物地球化学找矿研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
海底热液喷发形成的热液羽状流中富含成矿物质,并沉淀在距离热液喷口不等的范围内。对西南印度洋中脊热液喷口附近、距离喷口中等距离、远离喷口的六个表层沉积物样品开展了不同粒度沉积物的便携式XRF（PXRF）分析。结果表明,PXRF可以有效获得的洋中脊钙质沉积物中成矿元素的富集特征。>40目的沉积物样品具有较高的Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn等元素含量,40目以下沉积物中则相对稳定,可能与粗粒沉积物中玄武岩碎屑/玻璃含量较高有关,与镜下鉴定结果一致。以热液喷口为中心,表层沉积物中表现出Cu、Zn、As、Fe、Mn的元素分带,靠近喷口的沉积物中具有较高的成矿元素的含量,并具有较高的Cu/Fe、Zn/Fe比值或者Cu/Mn与Zn/Mn比值。上述结论表明,洋中脊沉积物中成矿元素的含量主要受与喷口的距离的影响,而与粒度的关系不大,洋中脊沉积物地球化学找矿应采用40目以下粒径沉积物作为分析样品。通过PXRF获得的Cu、Zn、As、Fe、Mn等元素含量及其比值特征可以作为海底多金属硫化物沉积物地球化学找矿的指标,该方法满足快速有效识别洋中脊沉积物中地球化学异常的要求。 相似文献
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南海东北部表层沉积中生源和矿物碎屑组分分析及其古环境意义 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9
通过对南海东北部128个表层沉积样品的定量研究，揭示隆源和矿物碎屑各组分的分布，也显示了组分分析作为一种简单、快速的研究方法在海洋古环境研究中的潜力，研究区生源碎屑的分布明显受与水深相关的深海溶解作用所控制，水深3500-4000m的现代南海CCD以下，钙质生物的含量急剧减少，而硅质生物的含量急剧增加，研究区表层沉积中的碎屑矿物主要来源于亚洲大陆，吕宋镐的风化产物只起次要作用，且其分布主要受与离岸距离远近和海流相关的搬运作用所控制。 相似文献
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ＤＳＤＰ与ＯＤＰ的深入研究，发展了微量元素和稳定同位素地球化学。全球变化、大规模构造隆起和海底扩张等在微量元素和稳定同位素演化上的反映，使微量元素及稳定同位素地球化学成为地层划分对比的重要手段。 相似文献
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Vertical Variations of Core Sound Velocity: Evidence of Paleooceanographic History Since the Pleistocene Epoch 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The vertical variations in the borehole core sound velocity (Cp) of the submarine sediments are related to the events of marine transgression and regression in the geologic history. This article establishes the vertical variation of Cp curve for the borehole sound velocity in the northern South China Sea continental shelf and the East China Sea continental shelf, thus providing evidence for revealing at least (3) sedimentary cycle events of marine transgression and regression occurring in the west Pacific marginal sea since the Pleistocene Epoch. The sound velocity of marine sediments brought in the course of marine transgression is lower (1450-1510 m/s) while that of continental sediments formed in the course of marine regression is higher (1650-1720 m/s). 相似文献
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海洋桩基工程中的钙质土 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文在简述钙质土成因和组成的基础上，介绍分析了这种土的物理力学性质，尤其是其受力后变化的特性；说明了钙质土与桩的相互作用特性；对钙质土中导管架平台桩基设计的土工调查及其有关设计参数的选用作了论述 相似文献
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R.C. Tyce 《Ocean Engineering》1977,4(3):113-140
This paper describes the development and application of a system for quantitative near-bottom seismic profiling at 4 kHz. Developed as part of the Deep Tow Instrumentation System of the Marine Physical Laboratory, this system represents a capability which is relatively unique in terms of lateral resolution. This capability was developed in order to observe small-scale horizontal variations in acoustic reflectivity of the sea floor as well as similar properties for shallow, layered structures in bottom sediments. The system provides real time computer processing and quantitative displays of processed data in several forms. These displays include a high resolution grey scale display of equivalent plane wave pressure (compensating for Fish altitude), a three-dimensional contourogram display of equivalent intensity, and a plot of integrated equivalent energy for travel-time sections (typically corresponding to 0–5 and 5–55 m into the bottom). These quantitative displays provide a real-time capability for mapping reflectivity of the sea floor and sub-bottom reflectors within a survey area and for estimating acoustic attenuation in marine sediments from observations of layer reflectivity as a function of depth of burial. Such determinations of attenuation can be made directly from the composite computer display which is produced on a facsimile recorder. The data from this system suggest that small scale variations are common to many areas of the sea floor, with poorly explained variations of up to 10 dB over lateral distances of less than 50 m. Values of effective attenuation determined by this system show good agreement with values measured directly in the San Diego Trough, and suggest unusually low values for highly calcareous sediments on the Carnegie Ridge. 相似文献
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南海北部陆坡神狐海域晚中新世以来沉积物中生物组分变化及意义 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
对南海北部陆坡神狐海域4口钻孔(BY1、BY2、BY3、BY4)岩心沉积物中微体古生物的研究表明晚中新世以来该区沉积物中硅质和钙质生物组分丰度具有较大时间和空间变化。从时间上看,硅质生物在晚中新世—上新世几乎缺失,中更新世以来约40万年(0～24m)才较多出现,18万年以后繁盛,大于0.15mm粗粒级有孔虫在晚中新世期间丰度很低,而在更新世—上新世丰度很高;空间上的差异表现在不同的钻井岩心中生物丰度变化范围较大。根据硅质生物丰度变化可推测晚中新世—上新世—早更新世时海水表层古生产力极低,而中更新世以来古生产力相对较高。南海北部钙质生物丰度的变化主要受控于陆源物质的输入量,在钻探区可识别2个可能具有不同物质来源的小区块,如BY1、BY2孔晚中新世—上新世陆源物质的输入量高于更新世,BY3和BY4孔更新世陆源物质的输入量高于上新世。2007年本区钻探结果揭示的一个令人惊奇和十分独特的现象,水合物以高达20%～49%饱和度状态分散在细粒沉积物(黏土粉砂)孔隙中,本研究发现这些矿层富含钙质生物组分(钙质超微化石和有孔虫),而硅质组分贫乏。由此初步推测,大量钙质生物组分的存在可能增加了黏土粉砂沉积物的孔隙空间,从而为大... 相似文献
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Cyclic sequences occur worldwide in nearly every stratigraphic sequence; they are particularly well developed in marine deposits
associated with large river systems. Superimposed on those cycles attributed to shifting sites of deposition are those related
to high-frequency sea level changes. The large data base for this study (including 471 deep foundation borings, thousands
of line kilometers of high-resolution seismic, and sedimentological and dating analyses) represents the most complete information
on high-resolution chronostratigraphy and lithostratigraphy that is available on any modern continental shelf/upper slope.
These data are used to document sedimentological characteristics and spatial depositional patterns during three complete sea
level cycles over the entire continental shelf/upper slope of offshore Louisiana.
Sedimentation during periods of high sea level is characterized by: 1) thin, slowly accumulated depositional sequences, referred
to as condensed sections, 2) calcareous-rich deposits, including hemipelagic sediments and shell hashes, and 3) wide lateral
continuity. Sedimentation during periods of low sea level is characterized by; 1) variable-thickness, rapidly accumulated
sequences referred to as expanded sections, 2) coarse-grained elastic deposits, including abundant sands and gravels, and
3) well-defined depositional trends.
Even though the data set covers only a short period of geologic time (240 000 yrs), these high frequency events are responsible
for the deposition of excellent reservoir-quality facies in well-defined and predictable trends. 相似文献