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云南小湾水库蓄水后P波速度结构的双差地震层析成像研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
联合小湾水库库区及其附近11249个地震的P波绝对到时、相对到时数据,利用双差地震层析成像方法反演得到小湾水库蓄水后2008年12月16日～2011年6月30日和2011年7月1日～2016年12月31日2个时间段内库区及其附近的地震重定位结果和三维P波速度结构。结果表明,蓄水后黑惠江段和小湾水库回水澜沧江段地震的增多与水库蓄水有关。由于水体渗透导致孔隙压变化,并随着时间的推移孔隙压变化朝着更深的部位扩散,地震震源深度也随之向深部扩散,进而导致介质变化和P波速度降低。蓄水回水至澜沧江保山段后该区域地震增多,P波速度下降,库水渗透作用为主控因素,该区域地下一定深度的地质构造有利于库水的快速渗透。初步判定2015年10月30日云南昌宁M_S5.1地震余震序列是与蓄水有关的柯街断裂上的构造地震。同时,也存在着与蓄水相关性不大的属于构造地震的活动,如云南施甸一带历来地震多发,施甸2010年6月1日M_L4.8、2012年9月11日M_S4.7地震序列均属于构造地震,与水库蓄水无关。 相似文献
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使用2006年10月1日至2010年5月14日9个固定台站和2009年4月4日至2010年5月14日15个临时台站记录的地震波形资料,采用尾波包络线反演方法,得到了龙滩库区地壳的三维散射系数结构,结果表明:(1)龙滩水库下方地壳中存在明显的非均匀结构.由大坝附近布柳河与红水河交汇处至三江(红水河、油拉河和牛河)交汇处的河段下方是研究区最明显的高散射系数区,高散射系数延伸深度达10 km,但在8 km以下高散射系数范围明显减小,除此之外,八茂断裂东西两端和八腊断裂周围也存在小范围的高散射系数区.(2)龙滩库区高散射系数主要分布在碳酸盐地层及与之接壤的透水性较好的砂页岩中,并且主要位于主干河流附近,河流和断层交汇处附近及与河流相交的断层附近,高散射系数分布与水的渗透密切相关.库区的水向河流两岸的渗透宽度约为10 km左右,深度不超过10 km.(3)龙滩库区地震主要集中在7~10 km深度的高散射系数区内,在水库地震中震源明显偏深,可能与库区水渗透引起的古岩溶水活化有关. 相似文献
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针对当前的水库提前蓄水调度研究尚未考虑碳减排问题,本文基于水库碳排放和有机碳埋藏因子法,构建了考虑碳减排的水库提前蓄水调度模型,采用基于熵权重的逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)对提前蓄水调度方案进行了多目标评价,以优选调度方案,在三峡水库开展了实例研究。研究结果表明:三峡水库从9月1日起蓄,于9月30日逐步蓄至167 m的调度方案最优,相较于原设计方案,在不增加防洪风险的前提下,多年平均发电量增加29.91亿kW·h(8.80%),弃水量减少26.03亿m3(27.51%),碳排放量减少69.26亿g(3.94%),有机碳埋藏量增加1.93亿g(1.28%),温室气体的CO2碳当量减少235.48亿g(3.85%),提前蓄水方案可显著提升三峡水库发电量、供水保障能力和减少碳排放量。本研究为水库提前蓄水的水碳协同调度提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
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P-wave velocity structure beneath reservoirs and surrounding areas in the lower Jinsha River 
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下载免费PDF全文 Changzai Wang Jianping Wu Lihua Fang Yaning Liu Jing Liu Yan Cai Poren Li 《地震科学（英文版）》2023,36(1):64-75
The lower reaches of the Jinsha River are rich in hydropower resources because of the high mountains, deep valleys, and swift currents in this area. This region also features complex tectonic structures and frequent earthquakes. After the impoundment of the reservoirs, seismic activity increased significantly. Therefore, it is necessary to study the P-wave velocity structure and earthquake locations in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River and surrounds, thus providing seismological support for subsequent earthquake prevention and disaster reduction work in reservoir areas. In this study, we selected the data of 7,670 seismic events recorded by the seismic networks in Sichuan, Yunnan, and Chongqing and the temporary seismic arrays deployed nearby. We then applied the double-difference tomography method to this data, to obtain the P-wave velocity structure and earthquake locations in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River and surrounds. The results showed that the Jinsha River basin has a complex lateral P-wave velocity structure. Seismic events are mainly distributed in the transition zones between high- and low-velocity anomalies, and seismic events are particularly intense in the Xiluodu and Baihetan reservoir areas. Vertical cross-sections through the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu reservoir areas revealed an apparent high-velocity anomaly at approximately 6 km depth; this high-velocity anomaly plays a role in stress accumulation, with few earthquakes distributed inside the high-velocity body. After the impoundment of the Baihetan reservoir, the number of earthquakes in the reservoir area increased significantly. The seismic events in the reservoir area north of 27° N were related to the enhanced activity of nearby faults after impoundment; the earthquakes in the reservoir area south of 27° N were probably induced by additional loads (or regional stress changes), and the multiple microseismic events may have been caused by rock rupture near the main faults under high pore pressure. 相似文献
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水库地震监测是我国地震监测的重要组成部分。文中阐述了红水河梯级水电站水库地震监测台网的建设发展历程,详细介绍了天生桥一级、龙滩、岩滩、大化及大藤峡水库专用地震监测台网的建设和发展,并对比分析了库区蓄水前后的地震活动记录,讨论了水库地震监测台网面临的升级改造及运行管理等问题,建议采用流域化统一管理。 相似文献
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Prediction and verification of earthquakes induced by the Xiluodu hydropower station reservoir 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Research has been conducted on reservoir-induced earthquakes in China since the Xinfengjiang reservoir-induced earthquakes in the 1960s. Regulations now require the risk of reservoir-induced earthquakes to be evaluated in the pre-research stage of all hydropower projects. Although nearly 40 cases of reservoir-induced earthquakes have been reported in China, analyses comparing the changes in seismic activity following reservoir impoundment with predictions are rare. In this study, we compared seismic activities observed in the reservoir area before and after the impoundment of the Xiluodu hydropower station in terms of the spatial distribution, frequency, and focal depths of the earthquakes, and clarified the correlation between their frequency/timing and reservoir level after impoundment. We then concluded that the seismic events in the head region were karst-type earthquakes, while those in the second segment of the reservoir were tectonic earthquakes. The spatial distribution of the earthquake epicenters and the seismic intensities validated some of the results for the reservoir-induced seismic risk assessment for the Xiluodu hydropower station, indicating that the proposed earthquake triggers and predictive models are reasonable. This study can provide a valuable reference for investigating the mechanism (s) of reservoir-induced earthquakes, revising reservoir-induced earthquake hazard assessment codes, and predicting the hazard zones of reservoir-induced seismicity under similar conditions. 相似文献
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本文以龙滩水库为例,根据库区地质构造、深部速度结构及数字地面高程,建立了库区三维有限元模型,基于孔隙弹性理论计算了水库蓄水过程中库底断层和围岩体孔隙压力、有效附加正应力、剪应力和库伦应力的动态变化,并结合水库蓄水后库区地震活动时空分布的特征,讨论了RIS时空演化与库水加卸载及渗透过程的动态响应关系及其可能的成因机制.结果表明：（1） 龙滩水库蓄水后地震活动呈现出明显的丛集性,主要分布在罗妥（丛Ⅰ）、八茂（丛Ⅱ）、拉浪（丛Ⅲ）、坝首（丛Ⅳ）和布柳河（丛Ⅴ）5个水库蓄水后淹没的深水区,这些区域也恰恰是库水加卸载及渗透过程中ΔCFS增加最明显的区域,而ΔCFS的影区几乎没有地震发生,表明水库蓄水后库区地震活动与ΔCFS的变化密切相关.（2） 在水库蓄水过程中,与水库有直接水力联系且渗透性较好的断裂成为地表水体附加水头压力向深部扩散的优势通道,沿此通道附加水头压力扩散的最大深度达13 km左右,震旦系-古生界以碳酸盐岩为主的地层成为附加水头压力扩散的主体层位,这与蓄水后库区中、小地震震源深度均小于13 km,且优势分布在5~10 km的特征相吻合,表明由于孔隙压力的存在降低了岩石的抗剪强度,同时部分抵消了围压的影响,致使该层位的岩体易于产生脆性破坏从而诱发地震活动.（3） 无论是深部还是浅部,各丛地震密集发生的时段绝大部分与相应深度ΔCFS加速升高或阶段性高值时段相重叠,可能说明在库水位快速抬升或阶段性高值时段,受外部荷载加载速率快速升高的影响,库底岩体和断层、裂隙等结构面更容易实现失稳扩展;深、浅部地震响应时间、活动频度和强度的差异可能与不同层位岩体力学性质及渗透性能的不均匀性有关.（4） 各丛地震诱发的物理力学机制有所不同.丛Ⅰ、丛Ⅱ、丛Ⅲ地震的诱发可能与库体重力荷载、孔隙压力扩散和库水浸润弱化3种作用都有关;丛Ⅳ地震的诱发主要受控于库体重力荷载作用,孔隙压力扩散和库水浸润弱化不起主导作用;丛Ⅴ地震的诱发主要受孔隙压力扩散和库水浸润弱化作用的影响,库体重力荷载作用一定程度上抑制了地震的发生. 相似文献
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Seismic analysis of the Xiluodu reservoir area and insights into the geometry of seismogenic faults 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The Xiluodu (XLD) reservoir is the second largest reservoir in China and the largest in the Jinsha River basin. The occurrence of two M > 5 earthquakes after reservoir impoundment has aroused great interest among seismologists and plant operators. We comprehensively analyzed the seismicity of the XLD reservoir area using precise earthquake relocation results and focal mechanism solutions and found that the seismicity of this area was weak before impoundment. Following impoundment, earthquake activity increased significantly. The occurrence of M ≥ 3.5 earthquakes within five years of impoundment also appear to be closely related to rapid rises and falls in water level, though this correlation weakened after five years because earthquake activity was far from the reservoir area. Earthquakes in the XLD reservoir area are clustered; near the dam (Area A), small faults are intermittently distributed along the river, while Area B is composed of multiple NW-trending left-lateral strike-slip faults and a thrust fault and Area C is composed of a NW-trending left-lateral strike-slip main fault and a nearly EW-trending right-lateral strike-slip minor fault. The geometries of the deep and the shallow parts of the NW-trending fault differ. Under the action of the NW-trending background stress field, a series of NW-trending left-lateral strike-slip faults and NE-trending thrust faults in critical stress states were dislocated due to the stress caused by reservoir impoundment. The two largest earthquakes in the XLD reservoir area were tectonic earthquakes that were directly triggered by impoundment. 相似文献
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广西龙滩库区于2009年度至2010年2个年度库水加卸载及渗透过程中,在交比屯、坪上、中良坪和向阳4个地点进行了5期次大地电磁定点测量,观测频段为320 Hz~1000 s.结合区域深部电性结构探测研究成果分析.结果显示,4个测点位于不同的岩性和深部电性结构区域,4个测点上观测的5期次视电阻率值发生变化的频段不同,位于库区中游的坪上、中良坪和向阳3个测点上5期次测量的视电阻率数值在频率1 Hz以下频段在高水位时段测量值小、在低水位时段测量值大,位于库首区域的交比屯测点在最高水位时段视电阻率数值最小,说明库水在加卸载及渗透过程中对地下介质有明显影响,库区上游库水渗透影响深度可达7 km左右,在坝首区域可达10 km.龙滩水库区4个地震丛集区中的3个地震丛集区的震源区位于具有低阻特性的二迭系下统和石炭系地层的下部,以岩溶水体诱发地震为主;位于坝首地震丛集区的震源区位于上宽下窄似"铆钉状"的高阻体下部,推测是因水库蓄水后水体压力增大和库水渗透作用下,在聚集高变形能的脆性高电阻体内部发生的地震.电磁探测结果说明库水渗透对龙滩水库区地震孕育和发生起着重要、直接的作用. 相似文献
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通过对1965年以来云南丘北、泸西地区地震活动性的研究,并结合该地区新建的云鹏水电站的水位、库容变化情况进行对比分析,得出2007年3月至2008年4月丘北、泸西地区发生的一系列小震主要与云鹏电站水库畜水有关。 相似文献
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A pronounced increase in seismicity started in and around Longtan reservoir, southwestern China after October 1, 2006 when it began the impoundment, and by the end of May 14, 2010, about 3,233 earthquakes with ?0.6?≤?M L?≤?4.2 had been located. This seismicity which occurred in five clusters mainly concentrated in the areas where few earthquakes had occurred before the first filling. There were four water filling periods in the Longtan reservoir, and the observed reservoir-induced seismicity (RIS) shows a strong correlation with the filling cycles. After the first filling, there appears to be an instant undrained response due to an elastic response to the reservoir load in the third and fourth cluster. Then, this seismicity is followed by a delayed, drained response due to pore pressure diffusion, with the seismicity migrating outwards in one or more directions in the second and third filling period. The seismic diffusivity (α s) we estimated is about 4.54?×?105?cm2/s. The activity levels in the five clusters are different due to differences in the structures and permeabilities of the faults. The delayed seismic response to the filling in the third cluster was due to the combined effects of the lack of local fault intersecting the reservoir and lower permeability of the rock. The b value we obtained for reservoir-induced events was significantly different and higher than that of pre-impoundment natural tectonic earthquakes in the Longtan reservoir. The results of relocated earthquakes based on double difference earthquake location algorithm showed that their focal depths were mainly shallower than about 10 km and the distribution of relocated RIS in four clusters had no relation with these intersecting faults in the Longtan reservoir except the fifth cluster. All these characteristics of RIS in the Longtan reservoir indicate that they may relate to the coupled poroelastic response that includes both pore pressure diffusion and an undrained response, but the pore pressure diffusion and the water permeation appear to play a more important role on inducing the earthquakes in Longtan reservoir. 相似文献
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文中使用龙滩水库地震监测台网记录的波形数据,采用P波初动、SH波和P渡位移振幅比数据计算震源机制解的FOCMEC方法,获取了龙滩库区2006年9月蓄水至2008年底发生的73次M_L2.0以上地震的震源机制解,并在此基础上反演了库区应力场。龙滩库区2006年10月蓄水以来发生的2级以上地震以逆断层型为主,由震源机制解获得的2个地震丛集区应力场的主压应力都近于水平,取向都为NWW-SEE。反映出蓄水后库区仍为以水平NWW-SEE向压应力为主的应力场结构,且最大主压应力倾角更为水平。而最大主张应力及中等应力轴的分布则不一致,显示出在近水平的主压应力背景下,龙滩库区局部应力场的非一致性。通过对龙滩水库地震机制解特征及应力场的认识和讨论,初步提出了龙滩水库诱发地震的发震机理,认为载荷作用所引起的剪应力增大不是龙滩水库蓄水诱发地震的主要因素,而蓄水所产生的孔隙压力作用和库水渗透的润滑弱化作用的耦合作用可能是主要的成因 相似文献
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本文在对龙滩库区2006年9月30日至2013年5月26日发生的3682次地震进行精定位的基础上,利用FOCMEC方法和改进的格点尝试法反演了ML2.0以上地震震源机制及区域构造应力场,并综合龙滩库区地层岩性、断裂构造和渗透条件等资料,探讨了地震活动类型与库区蓄水过程的关系,获得以下认识:(1)龙滩水库蓄水后的地震活动主要丛集在罗妥、八茂、拉浪、坝首和布柳河5个深水区,地震类型以逆断为主,正断和走滑也占有一定比例.蓄水初期,库区地震类型呈现多样性,蓄水约4年3个月后,地震主要发生在浅部地层中,并大多为逆断型地震.(2)5个地震丛构造应力场最大主应力方向以NW—SE为主,倾角均较小,中等和最小主应力分布较凌乱,在此构造应力环境中,龙滩库区主要断裂整体上呈现走滑运动的性质,局部伴生不同程度的逆倾滑或正倾滑运动分量.(3)库区深、浅部地震活动水平和地震性质之所以会随蓄水过程发生变化,可能与深、浅部构造应力环境、岩体力学性质和渗透性能的差异有关. 相似文献
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WANG Tiefeng Northeast Investigation Design Research Institute China ZHANG Zhi Northeast Investigation Design Research Institute China YI Yue Northeast Investigation. Design Research Institute China 《国际泥沙研究》1997,(3)
I.INTRODUCTIONThePtlmped-storagepoll,erprojectofPushiriverisconsistedofupperreservoir,lobal-erreset'oir.watertransmissionSystemandpotvergeneratingsystem.ThelowerreservoirIviththecatchmentbasinareaof1141kmZisthewatersupplierl-c'hichislocatedonthedownstreamofthePushiriverinthesouthernpactofNortheastChina.Theupperreservoirisabout300-400metershigherthanthelowerresen!oirattheleftsideoftheriverwithcatchmentbasinareaof1.12km2.Thecharacteristicsoftheprojectandreservoirareshottviintablel-l.Ino… 相似文献
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Seismic activities before and after the impoundment of the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu reservoirs in the lower Jinsha River 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The lower Jinsha River basin is located at the junction of Sichuan and Yunnan provinces in Southwest China, a region with intense tectonic movements and frequent moderate to strong seismic activities. Cascade hydropower stations have been constructed along the lower Jinsha River since 2012. However, research on the effect of the impoundment of large-scale cascade reservoirs in a river basin on local seismic activities is currently lacking. Accurately identifying earthquake locations is essential for studying reservoir-induced earthquakes. Analyzing the spatiotemporal migration process of seismic activities based on complete and precise earthquake relocation is fundamental for determining the fluid diffusion coefficient, constructing fault models for reservoir areas, identifying earthquake types, exploring earthquake mechanisms, and evaluating seismic hazards. The seismicity pattern in the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu reservoir areas, where seismic activities had been weak for a long time, has changed with the successive impoundment of the two reservoirs, showing microseismic events and seismic clusters. We investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of seismic activities in the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu reservoir areas using the waveform cross-correlation-based double-difference relocation technique and the b-value analysis method. We discovered that seismic events after the impoundment of these two reservoirs exhibited different characteristics in different regions. The seismic activities at the Xiluodu dam quickly responded to the rising water level, with the seismic intensity decaying rapidly afterward. These events were concentrated in the limestone strata along both sides of the Jinsha River, with a shallow focal depth, generally within 5 km, and a high b-value of approximately 1.2. Such features are close to those of karst-type earthquakes. Microseismic activities frequent occur on the eastern bank of the Yongshan reservoir section downstream of the Xiluodu dam, with two parallel NW-trending earthquake strips visible after precise earthquake relocation. The MS5.2 earthquake near Wuji town on August 17, 2014, had prominent foreshocks and aftershocks distributed in a clear NW-trending 20-km-long strip, perpendicular to the riverbank. These seismic events had a low b-value of approximately 0.7. The orientation of the node plane revealed by the strike-slip focal mechanism of the mainshock is consistent with that of the strip formed by the foreshock-mainshock-aftershock sequence, indicating the existence of a NW-striking concealed fault. Seismic activities near the Yanjin-Mabian fault upstream of the Xiangjiaba reservoir area since 2013 were concentrated in a NW-trending strip, with several near EW-trending seismic clusters on its western side, and with the largest event having a magnitude of ML3.7. So far, the impoundment of the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu reservoirs has not triggered seismic activities on the large Jinyang-Ebian and Yanjin-Mabian faults nearby. 相似文献
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基于云南省糯扎渡水库台网17个台站所记录到的2009年11月至2014年9月期间的5 247次地震的P波绝对到时资料和相对到时资料,以及波形互相关得到的相对到时资料,采用双差地震层析成像方法联合反演了糯扎渡水库库区蓄水前和蓄水后2011年11月30日至2012年12月31日及2013年1月1日至2014年9月30日这3个阶段的震源参数和三维P波速度结构。结果显示:糯扎渡水库蓄水后,水库库区地震的发生频次增多,经重定位后的震源深度大多在10 km以内,尤其以5 km以内的居多,与前人得到的水库诱发地震震源深度小于10 km的结果基本吻合;随着蓄水量的增加,库水沿断层渗透,孔隙压力变化导致地震增多的区域延伸至左岸支库黑江和库区回水至库区中段的澜沧江段,并进一步向威远江和小黑江延伸,这些区域的P波速度降低;整体的水库渗水作用最大深度不超过7 km。 相似文献