共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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甲烷是最主要的非二氧化碳温室气体,受到越来越多的重视。煤炭甲烷是我国最主要的甲烷排放源类型,我国也是世界煤炭甲烷排放量最大的国家,煤炭甲烷的有效排放管控与高效开发利用兼具温室气体减排、能源气体开发利用和灾害气体防治三重意义。基于系统调研和研究工作积累,概述了煤炭甲烷排放管控背景,总结了全球与代表性国家煤炭甲烷排放及其管控现状,阐释了我国煤炭甲烷开发利用与排放管控历程及发展趋势,讨论和前瞻了我国煤炭甲烷减排路径与减排潜力。已有研究工作表明:我国煤炭甲烷排放主要来自煤炭地下开采风排瓦斯,且较长时期内仍是我国煤炭甲烷的主要来源;随着我国关闭矿井增多,由此产生的关闭矿井甲烷排放量呈增长趋势,是我国煤炭甲烷不容忽视的来源。随着碳中和目标的提出,温室气体减排的政策导向逐渐成为我国煤炭甲烷排放管控的重点,明确了煤炭甲烷减排方向。我国煤炭甲烷排放管控形成了以煤层气勘探开发利用、煤矿瓦斯抽采利用、关闭/废弃矿井瓦斯抽采利用、乏风瓦斯利用等全浓度利用,煤炭采前、采中和采后全周期利用为特征的关键技术路径。我国煤炭甲烷排放管控面临巨大压力和严峻挑战,诸多政策、机制、技术问题亟待破解。突破复杂地质条件适配性煤层... 相似文献
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运用压汞法和等温吸附法对开滦矿区东欢坨矿8煤储层特征进行研究,结合矿井实测瓦斯涌出量数据,分析了控制东欢坨矿8煤瓦斯异常涌出的地质因素。结果表明:瓦斯异常主控地质因素为地质构造及水文地质特征,东欢坨矿"水大瓦斯小,水小瓦斯大"的赋存规律明显。矿井瓦斯赋存形式主要为游离态,表现出在压性断层带时,瓦斯涌出量较小;在未导通煤系含水层情况下,张性断层带往往煤体破碎、孔裂隙相对发育,瓦斯涌出量显著增大,而在断层导通煤系含水层的水文异常区,瓦斯涌出量有明显减小的趋势。东欢坨矿瓦斯涌出量受多种因素的控制,筛选出煤层埋深、煤层厚度、煤层顶板含泥率和断层数作为主要控制因素,建立了具有较好相关性的瓦斯涌出量多变量数学预测模型;并通过灰色系统理论建模软件对瓦斯涌出量和各影响因子之间的关联度进行分析,得到断层数是瓦斯涌出量的最主要影响因素。 相似文献
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通过研究平顶山矿区17对生产矿井的瓦斯地质特征,分析各矿井瓦斯含量、瓦斯压力和涌出量实测数据,总结了平顶山矿区瓦斯赋存分布规律。运用瓦斯赋存构造逐级控制理论厘清了区域构造演化、矿区和矿井构造对平顶山矿区瓦斯赋存分布的控制,提出了平顶山矿区瓦斯赋存的构造逐级控制特征:区域板块构造运动及演化奠定了平顶山矿区高瓦斯的基调;矿区构造李口向斜确定了矿区瓦斯东高西低、呈轴对称分布的总体规律;矿井构造主导矿井各煤层瓦斯赋存和矿井区域瓦斯赋存的差异性。研究成果为准确预测瓦斯赋存分布和预防煤与瓦斯突出提供了依据。 相似文献
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Interpretation of carbon dioxide diffusion behavior in coals 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
Nikolai Siemons Karl-Heinz A.A. Wolf Johannes Bruining 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2007,72(3-4):315-324
Storage of carbon dioxide in geological formations is for many countries one of the options to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and thus to satisfy the Kyoto agreements. The CO2 storage in unminable coal seams has the advantage that it stores CO2 emissions from industrial processes and can be used to enhance coalbed methane recovery (CO2-ECBM). For this purpose, the storage capacity of coal is an important reservoir parameter. While the amount of CO2 sorption data on various natural coals has increased in recent years, only few measurements have been performed to estimate the rate of CO2 sorption under reservoir conditions. An understanding of gas transport is crucial for processes associated with CO2 injection, storage and enhanced coalbed methane (ECBM) production.A volumetric experimental set-up has been used to determine the rate of sorption of carbon dioxide in coal particles at various pressures and various grain size fractions. The pressure history during each pressure step was measured. The measurements are interpreted in terms of temperature relaxation and transport/sorption processes within the coal particles. The characteristic times of sorption increase with increasing pressure. No clear dependence of the characteristic time with respect to the particle size was found. At low pressures (below 1 MPa) fast gas diffusion is the prevailing mechanism for sorption, whereas at higher pressures, the slow diffusion process controls the gas uptake by the coal. 相似文献
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Gas emission prediction and recovery in underground coal mines 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Strata gas can be released and captured from non-active and active gas resources either from virgin or relaxed strata, both prior to and when mining activities take place. The high and irregular gas emissions associated with high production longwall mining have provided a need to optimise the methods used to predict these gas levels and the ventilation requirements for gas dilution. A forecast of gas emissions during development drivage and longwall mining indicated possible gas and ventilation problems requiring the introduction of various gas drainage techniques and in maintaining the necessary air quantities in ventilation systems to satisfy the statutory gas limitations for various coal production rates. Although there are sound principles used in world-recognised methods of gas emission prediction, a new approach developed from long-term practical experience in underground gassy coal mine practices and gas-rock mechanics studies appear most suitable for local conditions and mining systems in use. The Lunagas ‘Floorgas' and ‘Roofgas' geomechanical and gas emission models offer an effective solution to these problems. Both programs are the most advanced engineering, numerical tools available to calculate gas source contributions to total gassiness and improve the accuracy and quality of gas control, gas capture technologies and ventilation system design. 相似文献
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Measuring the gas content of coal: A review 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Coalbed gas content measurements are commonly used in mine safety as well as coalbed methane resource assessment and recovery applications. Gas content determination techniques generally fall into two categories: (1) direct methods which actually measure the volume of gas released from a coal sample sealed into a desorption canister and (2) indirect methods based on empirical correlations, or laboratory derived sorption isotherm gas storage capacity data. Direct gas content determination techniques may be further subdivided into quick-crushing and extended desorption methods. The quick-crushing methods are primarily used in mine safety applications outside the United States, but have also been used for resource recovery applications. Quick-crushing methods rely on crushing the coal sample soon after collection to release all the desorbable gas, thus significantly shortening the amount of time required for desorption measurements. However, some data useful for resource recovery applications are lost. Extended desorption techniques are most commonly used for resource assessment and recovery applications where information on desorption rates is useful for reservoir modeling, and for fundamental coalbed methane research. Extended desorption methods allow the gases in the coal sample to desorb under controlled laboratory conditions until a defined low desorption rate cutoff point is reached. The sample may then be crushed to measure the amount of gas remaining within the sample. Direct method techniques for gas content measurement are the focus of this paper. 相似文献
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Control of gas emissions in underground coal mines 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Klaus Noack 《International Journal of Coal Geology》1998,35(1-4)
A high level of knowledge is now available in the extremely relevant field of underground gas emissions from coal mines. However, there are still tasks seeking improved solutions, such as prediction of gas emissions, choice of the most suitable panel design, extension of predrainage systems, further optimization of postdrainage systems, options for the control of gas emissions during retreat mining operations, and prevention of gas outbursts. Research results on these most important topics are presented and critically evaluated. Methods to predict gas emissions for disturbed and undisturbed longwall faces are presented. Prediction of the worked seam gas emission and the gas emission from headings are also mentioned but not examined in detail. The ventilation requirements are derived from the prediction results and in combination with gas drainage the best distribution of available air currents is planned. The drainage of the gas from the worked coal seam, also referred to as predrainage, can be performed without application of suction only by over or underworking the seam. But in cases where this simple method is not applicable or not effective enough, inseam-boreholes are needed to which suction is applied for a relatively long time. The reason for this is the low permeability of deep coal seams in Europe. The main influences on the efficiency of the different degasing methods are explained. Conventional gas drainage employing cross measure boreholes is still capable of improvement, in terms of drilling and equipment as well as the geometrical borehole parameters and the operation of the overall system. Improved control of gas emissions at the return end of retreating faces can be achieved by installation of gas drainage systems based on drainage roadways or with long and large diameter boreholes. The back-return method can be operated safely only with great difficulty, if at all. Another method is lean-gas drainage from the goaf. The gas outburst situation in Germany is characterized by events predominantly in the form of ‘nonclassical' outbursts categorized as ‘sudden liberation of significant quantities of gas'. Recent research results in this field led to a classification of these phenomena into five categories, for which suitable early detection and prevention measures are mentioned. 相似文献
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Coalbed methane: From hazard to resource 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Coalbed gas, which mainly consists of methane, has remained a major hazard affecting safety and productivity in underground coal mines for more than 100 years. Coalbed gas emissions have resulted in outbursts and explosions where ignited by open lights, smoking or improper use of black blasting powder, and machinery operations. Investigations of coal gas outbursts and explosions during the past century were aimed at predicting and preventing this mine hazard. During this time, gas emissions were diluted with ventilation by airways (e.g., tunnels, vertical and horizontal drillholes, shafts) and by drainage boreholes. The 1970's ‘energy crisis' led to studies of the feasibility of producing the gas for commercial use. Subsequent research on the origin, accumulation, distribution, availability, and recoverability has been pursued vigorously during the past two decades. Since the 1970's research investigations on the causes and effects of coal mine outbursts and gas emissions have led to major advances towards the recovery and development of coalbed methane for commercial use. Thus, coalbed methane as a mining hazard was harnessed as a conventional gas resource. 相似文献
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目前,在波兰41对主要生产矿井中,有23对高瓦斯矿井进行了瓦斯抽放。2004年瓦斯平均抽放率为30%,平均利用率为39%。根据瓦斯地质条件、瓦斯涌出特点和采区通风方式,着重介绍了波兰煤矿强化煤层、围岩和采空区瓦斯抽放,提高矿井瓦斯抽放效率的工艺技术特点。在工作面的瓦斯排放中,注重开采、通风与瓦斯抽放一体化,通过优化抽放钻孔布置,取得钻孔瓦斯抽放的最佳效果,是波兰煤矿瓦斯治理的一项成功经验,成为煤矿持续安全高效生产的重要技术保障。 相似文献
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随着我国煤炭去产能政策的有力实施,一批资源枯竭及产能落后矿井将陆续关停废弃。废弃矿井仍赋存着大量的煤层气资源,其开发利用是实现煤炭产业清洁安全高效低碳发展、促进煤矿安全生产、优化能源结构、实现温室气体减排等方面的重要举措。基于山西省煤基重点科技攻关(煤层气产业链)项目相关研究,系统阐述了废弃矿井煤层气开发面临着资源量评价不准、钻进体系不健全、井上下联合缺失等关键问题。针对这些问题提出以下几点对策:废弃矿井精准地质探测是采空区地面钻井轨迹设计的重要依据,尤其是炮采等落后采煤工艺的废弃矿井,地球物理勘探精度应达到米级才能有效降低钻遇煤柱风险;优选废弃矿井煤层气地面“L”型钻井思路,即选采空区周边一定距离的保安煤柱作为L型井位,并配套特殊钻进工艺;煤矿企业应将废弃矿井资源开发利用纳入煤矿全生命周期规划,尤其是矿井废弃前应确保煤层气抽采通道畅通,以实现煤层气井“一井多用”的新型井上下联合开采模式,提高废弃矿井煤层气开发效率;采用防回火、各种传感器等装置,并对关键参数设置自动报警停机界限值,从而使废弃矿井煤层气地面开采工艺安全、高效;对不同浓度废弃矿井煤层气,需要采取相应的梯级利用模式,从而提高整体开发利用价值。以山西省废弃矿井为示范区,研究认识对推动全国煤矿区废弃矿井煤层气开发利用具有重要的指导和示范意义。 相似文献
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以往的煤层气藏物质平衡法未考虑地解压差问题,对此进行了改进,提出了新方法。首先对煤层的原始吸附气含量采用临界解吸压力(而非前人采用的原始地层压力)下的Langmuir方程进行表征;然后通过近似化和线性化处理,将基本物质平衡方程转化为视平均储层压力(P/Z*)和累积产气量(GP)的直线方程。该直线在直角坐标系横坐标上的截距为原始地质储量,在纵坐标上的截距为视临界解吸压力(而非前人的视原始地层压力)。运用该物质平衡法,计算Eclipse建立的一个煤层气藏模型的储量,发现误差仅为0.35%。这表明在参数准确的情况下,Langmuir体积和压力、原始割理孔隙度和某些时刻的平均地层压力等在数模中可准确获知,该方法是准确可靠的。 相似文献
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三汇二矿浅部K_1煤层在无解放层开采的条件下,对该区打了探孔23个,对10项瓦斯地质判别参数进行了测试,对有关瓦斯地质相关因素进行了分析研究,预测该区虽为突出威胁区,但因存在有利瓦斯排放的因素,故可不开采解放层,采取合理的防突措施进行开采。现已在该区内开巷5000余m,工作面推进2000多m,采出煤炭50万t,经济价值达两千多万元。是瓦斯突出预测报用于生产的典例。可在条件相似的矿井中推广使用。 相似文献
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With the increasing demand for coal resources, coal mining has gradually entered into the deep strata of coal seams. Although the increase in mining depth improves energy security, it is associated with severe hazards, especially coal and gas outburst. Protective seam mining is an efficient method for gas control and has been widely used in major coal-producing countries. However, studies on deep ultra-thin protective seam (thickness 0.1–1 m, average thickness 0.5 m) mining and its related problems have been rarely reported. Focusing on the challenges resulting from deep mining (mining depth >1100 m) and the research gap, a coal and gas co-exploitation technique, which combines the gas control technology and green mining (including coal preparation and backfilling), has been proposed in this work. Significant benefits have been achieved in the twelfth coal mine of the Pingdingshan coalfield (study area) following the implementation of this technique. The application of the gas control technology markedly improved the gas drainage efficiency, promoted increased gas utilization, and reduced the greenhouse gas emission, providing notable economic and environmental benefits. In addition, implementation of green mining improved the coal quality, relieved the burden of the transport system, and, in particular, effectively prevented surface subsidence, thus protecting the ecological environment of the mining area, which offered significant economic, environmental, and social benefits. The practice in the twelfth coal mine could be used as a valuable example for coal mines with similar geological conditions. 相似文献
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为评价煤层气资源勘探开发潜力和指导矿井安全生产,对准噶尔盆地南缘硫磺沟煤矿主煤层(4-5、7、9-15号煤)的储层物性特征(显微组分、裂隙及含气性等)进行了测试分析,结合现场钻井资料、瓦斯解吸及瓦斯涌出量等资料,从构造、沉积、煤层埋深、水动力条件等方面分析了该区煤层气的控气地质因素。结果表明：煤储层物性较好,孔裂隙较为发育,微裂隙高达3 935条/9 cm2;煤层含气性(瓦斯含量)较好,4-5号煤层为4.88~10.81 m3/t,平均6.56 m3/t。控气地质因素分析表明,准南硫磺沟煤层气的控气模式以构造-水动力耦合控气为主。同时,利用多层次模糊数学综合评价模型,预测的硫磺沟煤矿(4-5号煤)煤层气赋存有利区为钻孔29-3和28-3周边区域。 相似文献
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Mining thin sub-layer as self-protective coal seam to reduce the danger of coal and gas outburst 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Dingqi Li 《Natural Hazards》2014,71(1):41-52
In response to the severe situation of coal mine gas disaster in China, a new method of reducing the danger of coal and gas outbursts and improving gas drainage and utilization in coal mines was introduced in this paper. The main idea of this method is to mining thin sub-layer as self-protective coal seam to eliminate or reduce the danger of coal and gas outburst. This method can be implemented by drills along seam and hydraulic jet when the mined seam with a relatively weak risk of coal and gas outbursts is soft or has a soft layer. This method was first applied in the Yian mine to verify its effectiveness. The results of application showed that mining thin sub-layer as self-protective coal seam can effectively eliminate the danger of coal and gas outburst and improve gas drainage and utilization. As this method needs less time and lower cost than conventional protective layer mining, it is of great significance for mining coal seam with the danger of coal and gas outburst. 相似文献