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自2006年至2017年,朝鲜民主主义人民共和国在中朝边界地区的试验场进行了6次地下核试验.本文综合报道根据东北亚地区的宽频带数字地震资料利用地震学方法对这六次地下核爆炸的研究.结果表明,朝鲜地下核试验在区域台网产生的地震记录具有典型浅源爆炸的特征.针对上述资料发展了处理核爆数据的方法并据此得出各次朝鲜核爆的地震学参数,包括事件识别、当量测定、以及震中相对定位等.对6次核爆和4次天然地震P/S类型谱振幅比的统计分析表明,2 Hz以上台网平均谱振幅比可以正确地将朝鲜核爆从天然地震中识别出来,从而有效监测在朝鲜半岛进行的当量大于0.5 kt的地下核试验.同时也发现,建立在体波-面波震级比之上的识别方法不适用于朝鲜核试验场.通过建立中朝边界地区基于Lg波的体波震级系统,计算了各次朝鲜核试验的体波震级mb（Lg）,并由此估计了它们的地震学当量,其值介于0.5 kt至60 kt之间.由于缺少爆炸埋藏深度的数据,上述当量有可能被低估,因而有必要对深度影响做进一步研究.以第一次爆炸的位置为参考震中,利用Pn波相对走时数据和高精度相对定位方法获得了各次核爆在试验场中的精确定位. 相似文献
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震源性质的时频分析与事件识别 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
应用时频分析技术研究了近年来发生在朝鲜半岛的核爆炸、化学爆炸与天然地震事件的识别问题,计算了上述三者的瞬时频率、瞬时振幅谱与群延迟等多项参数,提出地震与爆炸的识别指标.初步研究结果表明,对较大事件,上述三者来自震源的激发频率信息有明显差异性,核爆炸源激发的频率明显高于地震,化学爆炸最低.特别是,这些信息指标对于识别小当... 相似文献
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朝鲜自2006年10月9日第一次开展地下核试验以来,分别于2009年5月25日、2013年2月12日、2016年1月6日、2016年9月9日和2017年9月3日相继进行了5次规模较大的核试验.由于核爆炸和天然地震的震源机制不同,可以通过核爆炸产生的地震波来进行核试验的监测,核试验相关地震学研究一直是国内外专家关注的焦点.本文分别从事件定位、性质识别、当量和埋藏深度等几个方面总结了近些年来朝鲜核试验相关地震学的研究进展,并基于文献计量学方法对朝鲜核试验相关地震学研究现状进行分析,综合结果表明,近些年基于朝鲜核试验的相关地震学研究的主要研究方向为核试验定位、当量估算以及震源深度等. 相似文献
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作为努力发展不易分辨的地下地震事件的现场视察技术的一部分,我们一直致力于余震识别现象学的研究。它可用于核爆炸、化学爆炸、天然地震或其它地震事件的识别。我们已经研究的现象包括：余震的空间分布、主事件发生后作为时间函数的余震数目、余震的大小和波形频率成分。我们的主要结论有：（１）爆炸后两星期余震发生的速率范围为每天１至１００个,具体数目依赖于地质条件;（２）集中化学爆炸的余震,如不扩散事件和核爆炸余震 相似文献
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在远程检测地下核爆炸的唯一途径是依据其产生的地震信号。正因为这个原因，为验证“全面禁止核试验”情况提供数据而建立的国际监测系统（IMS）还得包含地震台站网。然而，即使监测到了地下核爆信号，也不可能准确无误地辨别出来。该监测系统旨在提供可鉴别出明显是天然扰动的数据和可识别出极有可能是地下核试验的数据。如果检测到可疑扰动，禁止核试验条约的缔约国就可要求这个被怀疑进行核试验的国家允许国际调查组织进入震中区进行现场视察，来核实其是否确实进行了核试验。 相似文献
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利用经验格林函数识别地下核爆炸与天然地震 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用目标区域内的小当量地下核爆炸事件作为经验格林函数(EGF), 来估计发生在该目标区域内的可疑地震事件的相对震源时间函数(RSTF). 天然地震和地下核爆炸的震源物理过程的本质区别会通过震源时间函数, 表现出不同的特征. 研究结果表明, 地下核爆炸的远场RSTF表现为简单的、与方位角无关的单脉冲或双脉冲形式, 宽度约为1.0 s; 而基于地下核爆炸事件作为经验格林函数反演得到的天然地震的RSTF通常表现出很复杂的形式; 不仅表现为周期不固定的多脉冲形式, 而且随方位角、震中距的变化而变化. 对目标区域范围内发生的可疑地震事件, 利用已有的经验格林函数来反演其RSTF, 并通过对RSTF的分析来研究是否为地下核爆炸, 对地下核爆炸检测及识别研究不失为一种有效的参考手段. 相似文献
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In order to determine the kinetic energy of an explosion it is necessary to know the initial velocities of ejected fragments. Calculations of initial velocities made earlier with few exceptions did not take into account the resistance of the air and therefore, greatly underestimated the initial velocities, and consequently the energy of the explosions. A solution of the inverse problem of ballistics which takes into account air resistance makes it possible to find precise values of initial velocities of ejection, determined from the distance of ejected fragments and their ballistic coefficients. The method makes it possible to determine the kinetic energy of explosions for eruptions which were not directly observed. It is shown that the velocity field in volcanic explosions is not spherical,i.e. the velocities of ejection of fragments differ markedly in different directions. Accordingly, the maximum distance of ejection of fragments depends not only on the initial angle of ejection, but also on the character of distribution of initial velocities and the ballistic coefficients of the fragments. For fragments with diameters of 40 cm to 2 m the maximum distance of ejection is realized in the case of angles of ejection of 30–36°. For smaller fragments the optimal angles of ejection are still smaller. The ballistics of explosive eruptions of the volcanoes Asama, Arenal, and Shiveluch are considered. 相似文献
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本文通过地震正演模型和面波振幅数据对比分析了天然地震、爆炸,与核试验数据,以探索改进辨别天然地震与爆炸的方法。所提方法是基于波数域和频率域的双积分变换解。用于研究的地震事件都发生在北朝鲜,其中包括2001年6月26日（39.212°N,125.383°E）和2001年10月30日（38.748°N,125.267°E）所记录的爆炸数据,2006年10月9日（41.275°N,129.095°E）所记录的一次核试验数据、以及2002年4月14日（39.207°N,125.686°E）和2002年6月7日（38.703°N,125.638°E）所记录的两次天然地震。基于这些数据通过地震波分析与理论模拟表明爆炸引起的地震与天然地震有着不同的波型特征。爆炸引起的信号特征是P波的能量较S波强,在爆炸记录上0.05-0.5Hz频率之间Rg波清晰呈现,而在然地震记录上没有。这是由于爆炸地震记录上P波是优势波,与SH成分发生了耦合。 相似文献
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《Astronomy& Geophysics》2008,49(1):1.06-1.06
Dust particles in a supernova remnant have been tracked to the supernova itself – an important step in understanding the formation of planets. 相似文献
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Summary A series of paired explosions in a salt mine near Winnfield, Louisiana, has been conducted to test a theory by Dr.A. L. Latter concerning seismic decoupling by underground cavities. The theory predicted a decoupling of about 100. Free-field and surface measurements from an explosion in either a 6-ft-or a 15-ft-radius spherical cavity were compared with similar measurements from a completely tamped explosion. Shot sizes were from 20 Ib up to a few tons. Surface measurements were made out to 100 km and covered the frequency range from 0.5 to 100 cps. The experiment confirmed that decoupling does occur. The actual decoupling factor as a function of frequency is presented and compared with theLatter theory.Presented at the international meeting of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics at Helsinki, July 27, 1960. 相似文献
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Avi Shapira 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1981,26(3):188-197
The concept of determining magnitudes, Mτ, of regional events (Δ < 1000 km) by means of coda-duration measurements is re-examined by using short-period vertical-component seismograms from Nevada Test Site explosions. The duration is specified as the time interval between the expected arrival of the S-wave and the time when coda waves fall and stay below 80 μm peak-to-peak ground displacement. The suggested procedure requires that for Mτ = 4.0 the coda duration at a distance of 100 km is 120 s. The adaptivity of the method is examined in terms of the single-station magnitude scatter, and with respect to the potential accuracy of the yield estimation of the explosions.The derived magnitude formula for underground nuclear explosions in granite is of the form: Mτ =0.18+0.001Δ+1.79 log τ+Cs, where Cs is a station correction coefficient for non-WWNSS stations. 相似文献
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The earlyP wave coda (5–15 sec after the first arrival) of underground explosions at the Nevada Test Site is studied in the time domain using 2082 teleseismic short-period recordings, with the intent of identifying near-source contributions to the signals in the frequency range 0.2–2.0 Hz. Smaller magnitude events tend to have relatively high coda levels in the 0.4–0.8 Hz frequency band for both Yucca Flat and Pahute Mesa explosions. Coda complexity in this low-frequency passband is negatively correlated with burial depth for Pahute Mesa events but is only weakly correlated with depth for Yucca Flat events. Enhanced excitation of relatively long-period scattered waves for smaller, less deeply buried events is required to explain this behavior. Coda complexity in the 0.8–1.1 Hz band is positively correlated with magnitude and depth for Pahute Mesa events, but has no such dependence for Yucca Flat events. This may result from systematic variations between the spectra of direct signals and coda arrivals caused bypP interference for the largest events, all of which were detonated at Pahute Mesa. Another possible explanation is a frequency-dependent propagation effect on the direct signals of the larger events, most of which were located in the center of the mesa overlying strong lateral velocity gradients in the crust and upper mantle. Event average complexity varies spatially for both test sites, particularly in the 0.8–1.1 Hz band, providing evidence for frequency-dependent focussing or scattering by near-source structure. Both the direct arrivals and the early coda have strong azimuthal amplitude patterns that are produced by defocussing by mantle heterogeneity. The direct arrivals have stronger coherent azimuthal patterns than the early coda for Pahute Mesa events, indicating more pronounced deep crustal and shallow mantle defocussing for the direct signals. However, for Yucca Flat events the direct arrivals have less coherent azimuthal patterns than the coda, suggesting that a highly variable component of near-source scattering preferentially affecting the downgoing energy is superimposed on a pattern produced by mantle heterogeneity that affects the entire signal. This complicated behavior of the direct arrivals may be the result of triplications and caustics produced by the complex basement structure known to underlie the Yucca Flat test site. The presence of strong azimuthal patterns in the early coda indicates that source strength estimates based on early coda are subject to biases similar to those affecting estimates based on direct arrivals. 相似文献
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地震与爆破的波谱差异 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
在对中国数字地震台网（ＣＤＳＮ）兰州台近年来记录到的兰州附近的５个工业爆破和发生在同一地区震级相近的７个天然地震作波谱分析和比较后,发现人工爆破和天然地震的波谱参数与震源参数有较大的差异,在震级与震源深度相近的条件下,主要差异有：①爆破的Ωｍ（ω）值明显大于地震的Ωｍ（ω）值,Ωｍ（ω）爆≈１．５Ωｍ（ω）震;②爆破的Ω（０）值明显大于地震的Ω（０）值,Ω（０）爆≈１．９Ω（０）震;③爆破的震源线 相似文献
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王军 《地震地磁观测与研究》2018,39(3):181-188
为研究天然地震事件和爆破事件识别算法,对上海测震台网记录的上海周边区域天然构造地震和爆破事件记录进行小波包分解,并提取特征向量,提出用支持向量机（SVM）识别天然构造地震和人工爆破的算法。结果表明,基于SVM算法的向量识别分类方法,在天然地震和爆破识别中是可用的,准确率预计达85%以上。 相似文献
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A. V. Storcheus 《Journal of Volcanology and Seismology》2011,5(5):341-350
An analysis of the Zoeppritz-Wiechert and Golitsyn equations commonly used to calculate the energy of an earthquake showed
that these equations are at variance with the physical assumptions made before deriving them. The value of seismic energy
as found from the equations currently used for the purpose is overestimated by 1–2 orders of magnitude. It is suggested that
the seismic energy of earthquakes can be found from its value over a half-period of the maximum swing. 相似文献