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Enzymatic and Microbial Degradation of Organic Matter in Lake Hongfeng, Guizhou Province, China 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
1IntroductionEnzymaticandmicrobialdegradationoforganicmatterhasabearingnotonlyonearlydiagene sis,butalsoonelementcyclingandmicrobedistributioninlakesediments.Somereportsshowedtheabundancevariationsoforganicmatterinsediments (BurdigeandGardner,1998;ArthurandDean ,1998;WanGuojiangetal.,2 0 0 0 ) .However,duetothecomplexchemicalcompositionoforganicmatter,mechanismsofenzymaticandmicrobialdegradationandvariationsofeachchemicalcomponentneedtobestudiedfurther.Underanoxiccondition ,SO2 -4 isanimpo… 相似文献
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选择黑龙江省海伦市相邻耕地和林地作为研究对象,分析了土地利用方式、土壤深度以及部分地球化学特征等对土壤中蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化物酶活性的影响.结果表明：蔗糖酶受土壤深度影响较为明显,表层土壤中蔗糖酶活性显著高于深层土壤,而与土地利用方式无关;脲酶受土壤深度影响较小,但土地利用方式对其影响较大,如种植大豆可以显著提升土壤脲酶的活性,除此之外脲酶活性还受土壤黏粒含量的影响;过氧化物酶活性主要受控于土壤有机碳的含量,受土壤深度影响较小,但深层林地土壤中过氧化物酶活性显著高于深层耕地土壤. 相似文献
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农药降解菌及其基因工程研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
农药的使用对农业的发展有着重要作用,但同时也造成了严重的环境污染。微生物对环境中残留农药的降解起着重要作用,能减少农药对环境安全的影响。研究者已分离得到一批降解性能不同的农药降解菌,并鉴定了其中一些降解酶及降解基因。通过构建基因工程菌可以增强微生物的环境适应性,提高农药的降解效率,农药降解酶制剂及其固定化技术则为解决降解菌实际工程应用中的生态安全问题提供了可行的路径。本文介绍了农药降解菌的筛选、降解特性、降解途径与降解酶的研究,阐述了农药降解基因工程菌的构建策略、研究概况和应用进展。 相似文献
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Haiyong GAO Qing LIN Tingting LU Huang XIA Junmin XIE 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):215-215
Antioxidase can play an important role in protecting the plants from damage under the stress of pollutants. In this work, in order to know the effects of antioxidase system in a macrophyte, Ceratophyllum demersum is cultured in Hoagland solution for 7 days under room temperature and natural light with the concentration of 0.2 ml/L organic solvents which are acetone, ethanol, petroleumether, N~ N-dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide. The chlorophyll and protein contents are analyzed, and the activities of antioxidase such as （POD）, superoxidedismutase （SOD） were measured. 相似文献
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贵州红枫湖沉积物有机质的酶及微生物降解 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
文章通过DNA、α-葡萄糖苷酶和硫酸盐还原菌等的变化,研究了贵州红枫湖沉积物中有机质的酶及微生物降解.有机质在微生物及其分泌的胞外酶的作用下被降解,在沉积物深度11cm以下被降解到相对较低的含量.DNA的分布表明表层9cm的沉积物深度内微生物的活动较为强烈,是微生物降解有机质的主要位置.α-葡萄糖苷酶在悬浮层含量最高,达0.75μmol/min*g干沉积物,提示有机质中的淀粉和糖原等物质在悬浮层降解较为激烈,被大量分解;随着沉积物深度的增加α-葡萄糖苷酶活性减弱,在有机质降解明显开始变缓的11cm沉积物中,α-葡萄糖苷酶活性已降低到0.17μmol/ming干沉积物.分子生物学的研究表明红枫湖沉积物表层7cm是硫酸盐还原菌的主要分布位置,结合有机质和SO2-4含量的研究结果,提示红枫湖沉积物中SO2-4不可能成为有机质氧化的主要电子受体,硫酸盐还原的限制因素也不是有机质供应. 相似文献
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基于镉吸附的花生壳酶改性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用农林废弃物中的花生壳,对其进行生物改性以便获得一种吸附镉的价廉易得的材料。以漆酶为改性试剂,通过正交实验确定吸附镉的最优改性条件。结果表明在30℃,pH为5时,以100mL固定酶活的漆酶溶液对1g花生壳改性5d效果最佳。相对于改性之前,改性材料的吸附量增加了32%,2h后即趋近吸附平衡。通过红外、XRD、SEM等表征分析,发现改性材料表面更加粗糙,更多的自由羟基和羧基得以暴露,这为吸附量的增加提供了依据。在材料投加量为2g/L、溶液浓度为50mg/L时基本达到吸附饱和。实际废水的浓度大都低于50mg/L,因而该改性材料具有一定的实用价值。 相似文献
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塔里木河下游的乔木、灌木、草本植被的主要建群种为胡杨、柽柳和罗布麻,对其中丙二醛(MDA)含量以及保护酶活性对地下水位的研究表明:1)MDA含量以及SOD、POD活性均呈增加趋势,而且均与地下水位呈正相关关系;2)对同一断面相同地下水位条件下胡杨、柽柳和罗布麻的SOD活性和POD活性比较,可以反映出SOD和POD作用的互补性;3)根据不同地下水位条件下胡杨、柽柳和罗布麻的MDA含量和SOD活性所反映出的适宜植物生存的合理生态水位、(严重)胁迫水位,并将其进行综合比较与分析,初步推断在塔里木河下游地下水埋深超过3.12 m时,胡杨和柽柳的生长即开始受到抑制,6 m左右的地下水位即对胡杨造成严重胁迫,≥8.83 m的地下水位则会危及胡杨的生存;而柽柳的严重胁迫地下水位以及临界地下水位分别为5 m左右和≥8.83 m.相比之下,罗布麻所能承受的胁迫地下水位比较高,超过3.12 m的地下水位即会对其生长造成严重水分胁迫,地下水位低于4.42 m则危及其生存. 相似文献
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土壤酶对碘离子在土壤中吸附行为的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以批式试验法研究了微生物、葡萄糖氧化酶、脲酶、纤维素酶及其催化底物葡萄糖、尿素和纤维素对Ⅰ-在土壤中吸附的影响,结果表明微生物能显著提高Ⅰ-吸附量,但葡萄糖氧化酶、脲酶、纤维素酶及葡萄糖、尿素和纤维素对Ⅰ-吸附并无促进作用.葡萄糖氧化酶及葡萄糖含量在小于100 mg/L时对Ⅰ-吸附无影响,1000 mg/L时与Ⅰ-呈竞争吸附;脲酶及尿素随浓度增大,对Ⅰ-吸附的抑制作用变得明显;1～1000 mg/L范围内,纤维素酶和纤维素对Ⅰ-吸附没有影响;但葡萄糖氧化酶和葡萄糖生成的中间产物可促进土壤对Ⅰ-的吸附.平衡液中溶解性有机碳(DOC)含量随时间增加而逐渐降低,有机质浓度越大,降低趋势越明显. 相似文献
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Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
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Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
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The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
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Emmanuel Skourtsos Daniel Vachard Alexandra Zambetakis-Lekkas Rossana Martini Louisette Zaninetti 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(12):925-931
Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931. 相似文献
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正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.) 相似文献
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正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.) 相似文献
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正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.) 相似文献
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正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus., 相似文献
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正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an 相似文献
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正20141266Fan Chaoyan(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Geological Processes,Guangzhou 510275,China);Wang Zhenghai On Error Analysis and Correction Method of Measured Strata Section with Wire Projection Method(Journal of 相似文献