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1.
新疆库车坳陷古近系库姆格列木群为与广海连通不畅的半封闭局限海湾-蒸发潟湖环境沉积，它应是新特提斯洋向北的延伸部分，其中的碳酸盐岩主要为海相蒸发潮坪环境的潮上带膏云坪，潮间带生屑滩、砂屑滩、鲕滩和潮下带泥晶灰岩、泥岩、泥晶云岩等。白垩系巴什基奇克组底部的灰黑色泥灰岩为深湖环境的沉积，分布较局限，仅见于克拉201井；白垩系巴什基奇克组中部的浅灰色透镜状泥灰岩结核是典型干旱陆上暴露环境的产物，仅在库车河剖面见零星分布。侏罗系湖相碳酸盐岩主要分布在恰克马克组，其次是阳霞组和克孜勒努尔组，在卡普沙良河剖面的恰克马克组上部，可见到大量的叠层石灰岩，它们主要形成于能量较强的浅湖环境；深灰色泥晶灰岩常与灰黑色泥岩伴生，是深湖-半深湖环境产物。以上这些不同时期不同沉积环境的碳酸盐岩具有不同规律的微量元素和碳、氧同位素特征，它们对于研究库车坳陷的沉积环境变迁和盆地演化具有重要意义。个别样品地球化学数据的偏差不能代表对整体沉积环境的判别，所以碳酸盐岩沉积环境的判别需要结合共生岩石沉积构造、沉积组合序列、古生物和沉积地球化学等资料进行综合分析。 相似文献
2.
柴达木盆地西部地区古近系和新近系湖相碳酸盐岩主要分布于下干柴沟组上段到油砂山组,其中,下干柴沟组上段和上干柴沟组的碳酸盐岩更发育。碳酸盐岩主要岩石类型有泥晶灰岩、藻灰岩和颗粒灰岩等三大类,此外,还普遍发育由石灰质、白云质和陆源碎屑等3种组分构成的混积岩。碳酸盐岩沉积相可划分为滨湖灰泥坪、滨湖藻坪、浅湖颗粒滩、浅湖藻丘以及半深湖泥灰岩相。滨湖灰泥坪的主要岩石类型有泥晶灰岩、含陆屑泥晶灰岩、陆屑泥晶灰岩以及陆屑泥灰岩等;滨湖藻坪为藻泥晶灰岩、藻纹层灰岩、含陆屑藻泥晶灰岩;浅湖颗粒滩有亮晶或泥微晶的鲕粒灰岩、生屑灰岩和内碎屑灰岩,其次为含陆屑颗粒灰岩;浅湖藻丘为藻叠层灰岩、藻团块灰岩、藻泥晶灰岩和含陆屑藻泥晶灰岩;而半深湖泥灰岩相的主要岩石类型为泥晶灰岩、泥灰岩以及含少量陆屑泥和粉砂的泥晶灰岩或泥灰岩。碳酸盐岩沉积相表现出很强的由西南向东北的迁移性。 相似文献
3.
鲁西南地区上白垩统—始新统主要发育官庄群,前人对该群的研究大多集中于地层归属年代的划分上,而对于沉积环境的分析涉及较少。本文主要运用岩石学、沉积地球化学方法对鲁西南地区平邑盆地广阜庄-挑沟剖面地层沉积特征及沉积环境演化进行了研究。结果表明:官庄群的固城组为陆相河湖碎屑岩沉积,卞桥组为浅湖碳酸盐岩和蒸发岩沉积,常路组以滨浅湖碳酸盐岩沉积为主,朱家沟组为一套山麓洪积扇沉积;卞桥组和常路组碳酸盐岩总体属于高盐度、强蒸发的陆相咸化湖泊环境沉积产物;官庄群沉积旋回的发育主要受蒙山断裂的多期次活动及古气候条件控制。 相似文献
4.
Sedimentary rocks of the Lower Cretaceous in the Subbetic of the Alamedilla area (province of Granada) were studied. In this area, a significant amount of redeposited sediments within the Carretero Formation were recorded. Resedimented material is mainly composed of Jurassic oolitic limestones and volcanic rocks, as well as of Neocomian hemipelagic sedimentary rocks (marly limestones and marls). All these redeposited sediments corresponding to rock fall and debris flow originated as the result of significant slopes in a very sharp submarine topography. Volcanism and the resultant volcanic edifices created this sharp slopes making up in some cases guyots. The volcanism was mainly active in the Middle Jurassic, although it persisted locally until Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, and controlled the sedimentation in this area of the Subbetic basin during most of the Mesozoic. The proposed genetic model is in agreement with a base-of-slope apron model with two significant special features: (1) the provenance of the clasts mainly from Jurassic outcrops with oolites deposited in guyots and isolated marine platforms, and volcanic submarine rocks, and (2) the palaeobathymetry of the deposits, relatively shallow and sporadically affected by storm waves. 相似文献
5.
目前湖相碳酸盐岩是国内外沉积学研究的薄弱环节。本文在众多专家学者历年研究成果的基础上，综述了湖相碳酸盐岩的研究现状，其主要体现在岩石类型、分布及发育特点、相模式、储集层和生油岩几个方面；并阐明了湖相碳酸盐岩的研究具有重要的理论和经济意义。 相似文献
6.
滨里海盆地内充填了巨厚的古生代、中生代和新生代沉积物。在剖面上可分为三套地层组合，即盐下层系、含盐层系和盐上层系。盐下层系为下古生界-下二叠统，包括巨厚的碎屑岩和碳酸盐岩沉积，在泥盆纪-早二叠世，滨里海盆地周缘广大地区普遍发育碳酸盐岩，在许多古隆起上还发育生物礁体，说明这一时期盆地的滨、浅海地带具有浅、清、暖的沉积环境，盆外陆源碎屑供应较少。含盐层系为下二叠统上部孔谷阶。早二叠世中-后期由于持续构造抬升，盆地气候变得干旱，海水变浅，潮上带蒸发环境发育，以致这一时期广泛发育盐类沉积，形成含盐层系，主要由盐岩和硬石膏层构成，并形成许多大小不等的盐丘构造。盐上层系为上二叠统-第四系。晚二叠世-三叠纪盆地又经历了一次大的海侵，为浅海陆棚环境，局部为海陆过渡三角洲相。侏罗纪-白垩纪在总的浅海陆棚环境下，盆地不同地区也形成了湖泊和瀉湖环境。晚二叠世以后形成的盐上层系沉积，主要为碎屑岩，在局部地区有碳酸盐岩。 相似文献
7.
巢县二叠系栖霞组臭灰岩段异地成因碳酸盐岩 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：13
下扬子地区二叠系栖霞组臭灰岩段广泛发育。以巢县为例 ,研究表明组成臭灰岩段的石灰砾岩并非正常沉积。剖面特征 ,岩石学、沉积学和地球化学特征的分析结果 ,显示了石灰砾岩的砾石来源于浅海碳酸盐台地 ,它们作为碳酸盐岩碎屑流的产物 ,沿着台地边缘的斜坡 ,被搬运到半深海—斜坡处再沉积。环绕于砾石周围的胶结物和砾岩层之间的薄层硅质粒泥灰岩 ,主要是由等深流沉积物组成。因此 ,臭灰岩段碳酸盐岩主要是异地成因 ,沉积环境属于碳酸盐台地周缘水体较深的斜坡。 相似文献
8.
重庆市万盛区中二叠统碳酸盐岩分布广泛，露头发育良好，发育有10种微相类型，即灰泥石灰岩、筵粒泥灰岩、球粒生物碎屑粒泥灰岩、生物碎屑内碎屑泥粒灰岩、荷叶藻泥粒灰岩、鲕粒内碎屑泥粒岩/颗粒岩、小有孔虫泥粒灰岩、生物碎屑泥粒灰岩、绿藻颗粒灰岩和生物碎屑颗粒灰岩。综合分析表明，研究区中二叠统形成于滨岸、局限台地和开阔台地环境，据此建立了沉积相模式。 相似文献
9.
10.
关于米仓山早寒武世地层的物源区母岩,长期以来持有的观点认为主要来自东北汉南古陆和(或)西北摩天岭古陆(碧口地块)。然而,仙女洞组的岩相古地理等确定的物源方向并不支持。灰色泥岩和灰色灰岩,发育水平层理,沉积环境为泻湖;灰色厚层鲕粒灰岩等(发育板状交错层理和鲕状交错层理)、沉积环境为鲕粒滩;灰色中-厚层角砾状灰岩和砾屑灰岩等,发育滑塌构造,沉积环境为碳酸盐斜坡。区域古地理指示,沿福庆-正源-大两-杨坝-桥亭一线向北东方向,沉积水体逐渐变深,古地理由泻湖、鲕粒滩逐渐过渡为碳酸盐斜坡。交错层理恢复的古潮流指示,潮流主要为西北和西南方向。重矿物组成和电子探针分析结果表明,以花岗岩和变砂岩、泥岩为主。综合分析表明,仙女洞组的物源主要来自西北碧口地块和西南康滇古陆的花岗岩、变质砂岩和变质泥岩,且经历再旋回过程。 相似文献
11.
[摘 要] 本文旨在以平邑盆地官庄群湖相碳酸盐岩为例,研究湖相碳酸盐岩的古地理指示意义。以沉积学理论为指导,依据野外露头剖面分析了平邑盆地古近纪官庄群的地层及其沉积特点,结合盆地的形成及演化,分析了古生物、古气候、物源、水介质物理化学条件等沉积环境条件,明确了官庄群湖相碳酸盐岩沉积时的古地理格局与特征。研究表明平邑盆地在古近纪官庄群沉积时为温暖的内陆淡水湖泊环境,构造活动相对静止,地形平坦,有利于湖泊相碳酸盐岩沉积,且碳酸盐岩集中发育在浅水、中等偏低能量、低陆源碎屑物质的环境。从而说明湖相碳酸盐岩地层形成的古地理背景为构造活动平静、地形平坦、浅水低能沉积环境。 相似文献
12.
针对叶城柯克亚乡波龙7.20突发泥石流灾害,现场开展了应急科学调查。对沟下游泥石流堆积区进行量测,对上游突发小型滑坡-堰塞湖-泄流全过程开展实时观察。结果发现:泥石流固体物质主要是晚更新世风积土滑坡和中元古变质岩及碳酸盐岩崩塌,水体来源主要是强降雨导致的上游洪水及堰塞湖溃决;沟谷上游以稀性泥石流为主,下游加入了崩塌块体及河道砂砾石,粘度有所增大;堆积区呈块石散落和淤积状态。据现场多个老堰塞坝推测,波龙沟泥石流发生周期约15~20年。现有停车场位于沟口堆积区,需加大极端洪水及泥石流排泄空间,拓宽排导沟槽净空。 相似文献
13.
Melanges play a key role in the interpretation of orogenic belts, including those that have experienced deformation and metamorphism during continental collision. This is exemplified by a Palaeozoic tectonic-sedimentary melange (part of the Konya complex) that is exposed beneath a regionally metamorphosed carbonate platform near the city of Konya in central Anatolia. The Konya complex as a whole comprises three units: a dismembered, latest Silurian–Early Carboniferous carbonate platform, a Carboniferous melange made up of sedimentary and igneous blocks in a sedimentary matrix (also known as the Hal?c? Group or S?zma Group), and an overlying Volcanic-sedimentary Unit (earliest Permian?). The Palaeozoic carbonates accumulated on a subsiding carbonate platform that bordered the northern margin of Gondwana, perhaps as an off-margin unit. The matrix of the melange was mainly deposited as turbidites, debris flows and background terrigenous muds. Petrographic evidence shows that the clastic sediments were mostly derived from granitic and psammitic/pelitic metamorphic rocks, typical of upper continental crust. Both extension- and contraction-related origins of the melange can be considered. However, we interpret the melange as a Carboniferous subduction complex that formed along the northern margin of Gondwana, related to partial closure of Palaeotethys. Blocks and slices of Upper Palaeozoic radiolarian chert, basic igneous rocks and shallow-water carbonates were accreted and locally reworked by gravity processes. Large (up to km-sized) blocks and slices of shallow-water limestone were emplaced in response to collision of the Palaeozoic Carbonate Platform with the subduction zone. The overlying Volcanic-sedimentary Unit (earliest Permian?) comprises alkaline lava flows, interbedded with volcaniclastic debris flows and turbidites, volcanogenic shales and tuff. The complex as a whole is overlain by shallow-water, mixed carbonate–siliciclastic sediments of mainly Late Permian age that accumulated on a regional-scale shelf adjacent to Gondwana. Successions pass transitionally into Lower Triassic rift-related shallow-water carbonates and terrigenous sandstones in the southwest of the area. In contrast, Triassic sediments in the southeast overlie the melange unconformably and pass upwards from non-marine clastic sediments into shallow-marine calcareous sediments of Mid-Triassic age, marking the base of a regional Mesozoic carbonate platform. During the latest Cretaceous–Early Cenozoic the entire assemblage subducted northwards and underwent high pressure/low temperature metamorphism and polyphase folding as a part of the regional Anatolide unit. 相似文献
14.
The St George Group (Lower Ordovician) of western Newfoundland: tidal flat island model for carbonate sedimentation in shallow epeiric seas 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
The St George Group consists of peritidal carbonate rocks deposited on the continental shelf of North America bordering the ancient Iapetus Ocean. These Lower Ordovician rocks are similar to other lower Palaeozoic limestones and dolostones that accumulated in epeiric seas and veneer cratonic areas worldwide. A wide variety of facies in the St George is grouped into seven lithotopes, interpreted to represent supratidal, intertidal and shallow, high- and low-energy subtidal environments. Rapid lateral facies changes can be observed in some field exposures, and demonstrated by correlation of closely spaced sections. The stratigraphic array of these lithotopes, although too irregular to be simplified into shallowing-upward cycles, suggests that they were deposited as small tidal flat islands and banks. Shallow subtidal areas around islands generated sediment and permitted tidal exchange. Tidal flat islands were somewhat variable in character at any one time, and evolved with changing regional hydrographic conditions. The St George rocks suggest an alternative theory of carbonate sedimentation in large, shallow epeiric seas, namely as small islands and banks built by processes that operated in a tidal regime. Furthermore, this island model provides a framework for a mechanism of cyclic carbonate sedimentation, by which small-scale, peritidal cycles represent tidal flat islands that accreted vertically and migrated laterally as local sediment supply from neighbouring subtidal areas waxed and waned during relatively constant subsidence. 相似文献
15.
山西襄汾奥陶系岩石学特征及沉积环境分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
山西襄汾地区奥陶系只有下、中统,主要由碳酸盐岩与蒸发岩组成.燧石及陆源碎屑岩少见。同位素资料表明δ13O较低（平均-5.832‰PDB）,δ13C（平均-1.210‰PDB）变化较小,表示古盐度的指数Z多大于120。微量元素表明碳酸盐岩沉积于近陆环境,受大气淡水影响强烈。沉积环境主要是潮上（膏泻湖）、潮间坪、潮下局限海及开阔海。峰峰期后最大的海退结束了本区海相沉积史。 相似文献
16.
塔里木盆地寒武系-奥陶系泥质烃源岩发育的构造和沉积背景控制 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
塔里木盆地寒武系-奥陶系是主力烃源岩发育层段,而泥质岩烃源岩则是此时满加尔坳陷及其周边地区的主要烃源岩类型。通过露头和钻井资料,结合盆地区域构造演化分析可知,塔里木盆地寒武系-奥陶系泥质烃源岩主要沉积在具上升洋流的陆棚、滞流的海湾陆棚、正常陆棚、深海盆地以及淹没台地陆棚等不同的环境中。它们分别属于伸展的被动大陆边缘、伸展的裂陷槽盆和稳定的克拉通构造背景。这些沉积在不同构造和沉积背景中的泥质烃源岩,其有机质含量具有较大的差异,具上升洋流的陆棚环境中形成的泥质烃源岩中有机质含量最高,其次是滞流的海湾陆棚环境中形成的泥质烃源岩,正常陆棚环境中形成的泥质烃源岩的有机质含量相对较低,而真正深海洋盆环境中沉积的泥质沉积物中的有机质含量远不如陆棚环境中的泥质沉积物。淹没台地陆棚环境中沉积的泥质岩中有机质含量最低。这说明塔里木盆地构造和沉积背景对海相泥质烃源岩发育具有重要的控制作用。 相似文献
17.
We have evaluated the hydrocarbon-bearing potential of Middle Jurassic marine source rocks in the Qiangtang Basin, Tibet, through a comprehensive study of samples from a large number of surface outcrops in different structural units, and from the Qiang-D2 Well in the southern Qiangtang Depression. Data that were acquired, including the depositional environment, thickness of sedimentary units, and organic geochemistry, are used to identify the principal controlling factors and predict the location of favorable hydrocarbon kitchens. The source rocks are mainly platform limestone of the Middle Jurassic Buqu Formation. This formation comprises a suite of intra-platform sag marls, micrites, and black shales that were deposited in a deep-water and restricted depositional environment. The marls form hydrocarbon-rich source rocks with organic matter that is mainly type II and in the mature to highly mature stage. In the Dongco–Hulu Lake and Tupoco–Baitan Lake deep sags, limestone also forms a medium-level source rock. In the Qiangtang Basin, limestone is the favorable source rock kitchen and is more significant in this regard than mudstone. The results provide important constraints on evaluating the hydrocarbon potential of Jurassic marine source rocks and for locating petroleum resources in the Qiangtang Basin. 相似文献
18.
The nodular limestones and red marls of the Ankara region, deposited during the early to middle Jurassic, show similar palaeontological and sedimentological characteristics to those of the red nodular limestones form the Northern Alps (Adnet limestones) and from the Southern Alps (Ammonitico Rosso).
The nodular limestones appear to be hardground breccias drowned into the red marly limestones due to the instability of the bottom. The association of sponge spicules, crinoid fragments, small ostracods, benthic foraminifers, shell debris and common micrite matrix suggests a subtidal environment. The subsequent formation of red marly limestones consists of the partial dissolution of the shells; this suggests that a low sedimentation rate and/or sedimentological breaks took place during the precipitation of the ammonite-bearing marls.
The nodular limestones (hardground breccias) and the Ammonitico Rosso-type facies of the Ankara Jurassic succession were formed in a deeper subtidal environment and/or deeper shelf extending into the basin. The hardground layers drowned into the Ammonitico rosso were likely formed on a local carbonate shelf, that deepened increasingly through the early to middle Jurassic. Development of a local submarine clastic fan within the carbonate succession of the Ankara Jurassic basin indicates an irregular bottom topography induced by the syn-sedimentary faults. 相似文献
The nodular limestones appear to be hardground breccias drowned into the red marly limestones due to the instability of the bottom. The association of sponge spicules, crinoid fragments, small ostracods, benthic foraminifers, shell debris and common micrite matrix suggests a subtidal environment. The subsequent formation of red marly limestones consists of the partial dissolution of the shells; this suggests that a low sedimentation rate and/or sedimentological breaks took place during the precipitation of the ammonite-bearing marls.
The nodular limestones (hardground breccias) and the Ammonitico Rosso-type facies of the Ankara Jurassic succession were formed in a deeper subtidal environment and/or deeper shelf extending into the basin. The hardground layers drowned into the Ammonitico rosso were likely formed on a local carbonate shelf, that deepened increasingly through the early to middle Jurassic. Development of a local submarine clastic fan within the carbonate succession of the Ankara Jurassic basin indicates an irregular bottom topography induced by the syn-sedimentary faults. 相似文献
19.
From platform to basin: the evolution of a Paleocene carbonate margin (Eastern Desert, Egypt) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
C. Scheibner J. J. G. Reijmer A. M. Marzouk R. P. Speijer J. Kuss 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2003,92(4):624-640
In this study, progradation and the subsequent retrogradation of a late Paleocene isolated carbonate platform (Galala Mountains, Eastern Desert, Egypt) is demonstrated by variations of distinct facies associations from the platform margin in the north to the hemipelagic basin in the south. A combination of a sea-level drop and tectonic uplift at around 59 Ma (calcareous nannofossil biozone NP5) favored the initiation of the carbonate platform. From this time onwards, the facies distribution along the platform–basin transect can be subdivided into five facies belts comprising nine different facies associations. Their internal relationships and specific depositional settings are strongly coupled with the Maastrichtian–Paleocene seafloor topography, which resulted from local tectonic movements. Patch reefs and reef debris were deposited at the platform margin and the horizontally bedded limestones on the upper slope. Slumps and debris flows were stored on the lower slope. In the subhorizontal toe-of-slope facies belt, mass-flow deposits pass into calciturbidites. Further southwards in the basin, only hemipelagic marls were deposited. Between 59 and 56.2 Ma (NP5–NP8), the overall carbonate platform system prograded in several pulses. Distinct changes in facies associations from 56.2 to 55.5 Ma (NP9) resulted from rotational block movements. They led to increased subsidence at the platform margin and a coeval uplift in the toe-of-slope areas. This resulted in the retrogradation of the carbonate platform. Furthermore the patch-reef and reef-debris facies associations were substituted by the larger foraminifera shoal association. The retrogradation is also documented by a significant decrease in slump and debris-flow deposits on the slope and calciturbidites at the toe of slope. 相似文献
20.
1989—1990年,安徽省地质科学研究所与德国下萨克森州不伦瑞克大学地质古生物研究所在下扬子地区合作进行了中三叠统的蒸发岩沉积特征及含钾性评价的研究,对下扬子地区青龙群上部(东马鞍山组)地表角砾岩层进行了详细的野外地质工作。我们认为这套以往一直被看作盐溶倒塌成因的角砾岩,主要是碎屑流沉积的结果,有少量构造角砾岩、膏溶崩坍角砾岩。碎屑流沉积发育于长江北岸的宿松、安庆、巢湖、无为和长江南岸的贵池、铜陵、繁昌、南京、镇江、溧阳等地,呈北东—南西向带状展布,分布广泛、规模大,最大沉积厚度超过百米以上,十分引人注目。 相似文献