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本文描述了一秋龄性腺成熟中华绒螯蟹（简称河蟹）的外部特征并与一秋龄未成熟及二秋龄成熟河蟹进行比较,同时给出了体重与壳宽的回归方程．保安湖的研究结果表明,对于一秋龄雌蟹,体重大于２９．８ｇ（壳宽为４．０３ｃｍ）全部成熟,而体重小于１３．１ｇ（壳宽为３．００ｃｍ）均不成熟,体重在１３、１－２９．８ｇ之间,既有成熟又有未成熟．对于一秋龄雄蟹,体重大于２６．０ｇ（壳宽３．９１ｃｍ）,全部成熟,而于１２．０ｇ壳宽２．６６ｃｍ）均未成熟,体重在１２．０－２６．０ｇ之间,既有成熟者又有未成熟个体．对一秋龄成熟河蟹成熟系数逐月变化的观察表明,在翌年３月份达到峰值,雌蟹为１２． ３２± １． ７５％,雄蟹为 ４． ２４± ０． ０６％;此后,性腺迅速退化,至翌年七月上旬,卵巢退变成细索状结构．己无完整的卵粒． 相似文献
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目的:探讨双源CT双能量成像技术在肾透明细胞癌和非透明细胞癌鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法:选取我院2015年4月至2017年3月期间入院就诊,经超声、CT平扫怀疑肾占位性病变患者68例,所有患者均行双源CT扫描。对比分析肾透明细胞癌与非透明细胞癌双源CT成像特征,并比较肾透明细胞癌和非透明细胞癌皮髓期及实质期碘浓度和NIC（标准化碘浓度）、肾透明细胞癌不同病理分级碘浓度和NIC及双源CT双能量成像技术用于肾透明细胞癌和非透明细胞癌鉴别诊断灵敏度和特异度。结果:经手术病理确诊32例肾透明细胞癌和17例非透明细胞癌,经双源CT双能量成像技术扫描,透明细胞癌患者在皮髓期和实质期碘浓度及NIC均较非透明细胞癌患者高,组间统计差异显著（P<0.05）;肾透明细胞癌在皮髓期及实质期,低级别（Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级）肾透明细胞癌患者碘含量及NIC均显著高于高级别（Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级）组,组间比较存在显著性差异（P<0.05）。此外,分析双源CT双能量成像技术用于肾透明细胞癌和非透明细胞癌鉴别诊断灵敏度和特异度发现:以实质期NIC界值0.70为标准时,对肾透明细胞癌及非透明细胞癌鉴别诊断的灵敏度（83.67%）和特异度最高（77.55%）。结论:双源CT双能量成像技术可通过将碘定量分析技术区分肾透明细胞癌和非透明细胞癌,且具有较高的灵敏度和特异度,同时还能为肾透明细胞癌病理分级提供依据。 相似文献
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银鱼生产的发展是通过银鱼的引种来实现的,银鱼的引种主要是采取向水体投放受精卵的方式来完成,受精卵又是通过人工繁殖而获得银鱼的人工繁殖不同于常规养殖鱼类,因其一经捕起很快就会死亡而不能进行人工催产因此银鱼人工繁殖的亲本是在银鱼的繁殖季节从天然水体中捕捞而获得,而大量的性成熟好的、可以立即进行人工受精的亲本只能在产卵高峰期才能捕获得到．所以了解并掌握银鱼的性腺发育规律和产卵时期对银鱼的人工繁殖十分重要 １９９２年４月至１９９６年５月在湖北省徐家河水库对近太湖新银鱼的性腺发育规律和产卵时期进行了长期的研究,并从１９９５年５月至１９９６年４月（银鱼的一生）周年标本中逐月进行了组织切片通过对近太湖新银鱼（Neosalanx pseudotaihuensis）卵细胞的组织学研究表明该鱼为分批产卵类型根据卵巢外部形态和内部组织结构,建议将近太湖新银鱼的卵巢划分为六个阶段;从卵巢每月发育期趋势和卵细胞大小以及卵的成熟度得出近太湖新银鱼的产卵期为３－５月,其中４月中旬至５月中旬为产卵高峰期;根据体长频率分布来看,近太湖新银鱼产完最后一批卵就死亡,因此,它的寿命仅一年从其周年体长和成熟系数分布并结合秋季大捕捞大量样本的检查,得出近太湖新银鱼只有春季产卵群 相似文献
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目的:探讨能谱CT物质分离技术对腰椎间盘退行性病变Pfirrmann分级的预测价值。方法:回顾性分析2020年10月至2021年2月我院腰椎间盘突出患者30例,分别行能谱CT扫描及MRI扫描,将Pfirrmann分级中1～3级归入低级别组,4～5级归入高级别组。利用能谱后处理分析软件在相同ROI下分别测得椎间盘的水（钙）浓度、水（HAP）浓度、钙（水）浓度、HAP（水）浓度及Eff-Z。采用独立样本t检验比较各参数之间有无差异,并进一步绘制ROC曲线,利用曲线下面积衡量诊断效能并选择最佳诊断阈值。结果:低级别椎间盘的水（钙）浓度、水（HAP）浓度高于高级别椎间盘水（钙）浓度、水（HAP）浓度,低级别钙浓度、HAP浓度及Eff-Z低于高级别椎间盘钙浓度、HAP浓度及Eff-Z,差异具有统计学意义。ROC曲线显示水（钙）浓度、水（HAP）浓度对区分低级别与高级别椎间盘的诊断效能较低;钙浓度具有一定的诊断效能;HAP及Eff-Z具有较高的诊断效能,尤其以Eff-Z为著,AUC为0.97,以7.69为标准区分低级别与高级别椎间盘的敏感性及特异性分别为96.20％ 和94.12％。结论:能谱CT多参数定量分析对区分低级别与高级别椎间盘具有一定价值。 相似文献
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目的:探讨基于MRI测量小腿软组织厚度对评估原发性下肢淋巴水肿（PLEL）分期的价值。方法:回顾性收集确诊为PLEL患者90例的临床及MR影像资料,所有患者均行双侧下肢MR检查。采用短时反转恢复序列（STIR）序列测量双侧小腿软组织总厚度（T）、肌骨厚度（M）和皮下软组织厚度（S）,分别计算双侧小腿T及S的差值（DT、DS）。参考2020年国际淋巴协会及淋巴外科下肢淋巴水肿的临床分期标准将患者分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ 期。使用单因素方差分析比较不同临床分期之间的小腿软组织厚度,使用Spearman相关分析小腿软组织厚度与临床分期的相关性,使用ROC曲线确定小腿软组织厚度对临床分期的鉴别效能。结果:3期之间T、S、DT及DS差异均有统计学意义,而M不存在统计学差异;各分期间两两比较,T、S、DT及DS在Ⅰ期与Ⅱ期及Ⅰ期与 Ⅲ 期之间比较均具有统计学差异,而在Ⅱ期与 Ⅲ 期比较无统计学差异。DT（r=0.750）与DS（r=0.772）与临床分期的相关性明显大于T（r=0.669）及S（r=0.734）,DS与临床分期相关性最高;M与临床分期无明显相关关系。ROC曲线显示各参数鉴别Ⅰ期与Ⅱ期的AUC值大于鉴别Ⅱ期与 Ⅲ 期的AUC值,所有参数中DS（AUC=0.945）鉴别Ⅰ期与Ⅱ期的曲线下面积（AUC）最高。结论:MRI小腿软组织厚度测量可以作为单侧PLEL临床分期的定量辅助方法,对于单侧PLEL患者,我们推荐DS作为鉴别Ⅰ期与Ⅱ期淋巴水肿的最佳厚度指标。 相似文献
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目的:探讨双能量CT左室心肌碘图技术及血浆B型利钠肽（BNP）水平对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者发生心力衰竭（HF）及严重程度的早期诊断及预测价值。方法:选取2018年1月至2019年12月本院收治的AMI患者,完成双能量冠状动脉CTA检查及血浆BNP检查,入院治疗1周内评估患者心功能分级。通过双能量冠脉CTA检查测量心肌碘含量用以评价患者CT心肌灌注情况。分析患者心肌碘含量、左心室射血分数及BNP水平指标间的相关性,对比HF患者不同Killip心功能分级组间心肌灌注情况、LVEF及BNP水平的差异。结果:共有115例AMI患者入组,其中42例纳入HF组,73例非HF组。两组间的心肌碘浓度、LVEF及BNP的差异均有统计学意义。梗死心肌碘浓度、LVEF与BNP水平呈负相关（r=?0.527、?0.674）。ROC曲线显示,心肌碘浓度联合BNP对于预测AMI后发生HF的AUC高于碘图、BNP的单独预测结果。42例AMI后HF患者不同Killip分级组之间,随着Killip分级的升高,血清BNP水平升高,LVEF及梗死心肌碘含量下降,并且不同分级组间BNP、LVEF、梗死心肌碘含量差异均有统计学意义。结论:双能量CT左室心肌碘图技术联合BNP水平对急性心肌梗死后心力衰竭的发生有预测价值,并与心力衰竭的临床严重程度有一定相关性。 相似文献
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对金沙大气本底站在2006年6月至2007年7月之间获得的O3,CO,NOx,SO2浓度的频率分布进行Lorentz多（单）峰曲线拟合,得到4个不同季节下不同的峰值浓度.这些峰值浓度代表着不同过程作用下的本底浓度水平.将这些峰值浓度与相应的总体平均值（中值）浓度比较,讨论了后者在代表本底浓度水平的可行性和局限性.在某些情况下,大气污染物的平均值（中值）浓度可在一定程度上代表该地区的本底浓度,但由于受污染物输送等因素的影响,总体平均值（中值）浓度往往低估或高估了本底浓度.本工作利用HYSPLIT轨迹模式计算了观测期间的气团后向轨迹,通过聚类-气体浓度关联分析法取得了各类轨迹的空间分布、季节变化特征以及对应的O3,SO2,NOx和CO平均浓度水平,并进一步通过滤掉污染物固有的季节变化,取得了不同气团来源对金沙站污染物浓度水平相对影响的信息.结果表明：金沙站可用于研究受长三角、中南地区、江汉平原及其北部地区排放影响的不同气团来源的大气本底信息;来自其南面的华中、华南地区和长三角西部地区的气团对其近地面O3的贡献显著;来自其北至东北方向的江汉平原、黄淮平原和华北平原地区,以及其南面的中南地区的气团对其SO2,CO和NOx的贡献显著;来自海洋的长距离输送气团对局地污染物起清洁作用;来自西北的长距离输送气团常带有自由大气的特征（高O3浓度,低CO,NOx浓度和相对湿度）,但却带着相对高浓度的SO2. 相似文献
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目的:分析经腹超声诊断孕中晚期子宫瘢痕前壁下段厚度对分娩方式及子宫破裂发生情况的预测价值。方法:选择2015年11月至2017年8月我院分娩的有剖宫产史的再次妊娠的孕中晚期妇女92例,采用经腹超声观察子宫下段的厚度及结构,根据图像及前壁下段厚度将受试者按瘢痕等级分为Ⅰ级瘢痕组（共44例）、Ⅱ级瘢痕组（共25例）和Ⅲ级瘢痕组（共23例）,比较3组随孕周变化的前壁下段厚度变化情况及妊娠结局。结果:随着孕周数的增加Ⅰ级瘢痕组子宫前壁下段厚度明显高于Ⅱ级瘢痕组、Ⅲ级瘢痕组（P<0.05）,3组子宫前壁下段厚度均明显变薄,组内不同孕周比较差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;随着瘢痕等级的增加,阴道试产成功率逐渐下降,先兆子宫破裂发生率明显升高,组间比较差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:经腹超声能显示妊娠中晚期子宫下段肌层情况及子宫瘢痕前壁下段厚度,为临床阴道试产及先兆子宫破裂提供有价值的诊断信息。 相似文献
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洪湖日本沼虾的种群繁殖生物学 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
1994年5月至1995年6月对洪湖日本沼虾的种群繁殖生物学进行了研究．洪湖日本沼虾的繁殖期为4月中旬至10月上旬,5月中旬至8月中旬为日本沼虾的繁殖高峰期,其中6月、8月雌虾抱卵率均在70％以上;日本沼虾群体中雄性总是少于雌性,月性比（♀／♂）变化于1．104－5．780之间,3—6月性比逐渐增高,7─10月性比则逐渐降低;在整个繁殖期．4─7月的抱卵虾均为前一年出生的大、中规格的个体,之后当年出生的个体在繁殖群体中逐渐占据优势;春季抱卵虾的绝对繁殖力和相对繁殖力都大于秋季抱卵虾,分别计算了绝对繁殖力、相对繁殖力与体长、体重的函数关系．本文还对日本沼虾群体性比的周年变化及其产卵次数进行了讨论． 相似文献
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W. Steffens Th. Mattheis M. Riedel 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1993,55(3):173-178
Effluents from brown coal mines are frequently rich in iron, the water being red-brown in colour and turbid. For several years a fish farm in the Lusatia (Brandenburg, Germany) has used such mine effluents for rearing rainbow trout. The total iron content of this water varies between 5 and 10 mg/l with pH ranging from 6.7 to 7.4. Water turbidity is high with a transparency of 10 to 40 cm at the most due to the substantial ferric hydroxide concentrations. Until 1989 trout have been reared in net cages within concrete settling basins destined for settling the ferric hydroxide mud. The cages were stocked with fingerlings in autumn, reaching portion size in the spring of the following year. Specific growth rate was 0.98% per day, comparable to that of trout in another farm unpolluted by iron but stocked at higher densities. The results show that fingerling rainbow trout may live in water containing more than 5 mg/l total iron but in the absence of Fe2+. These concentrations of water-borne iron seem to have only a limited detrimental effect on fish growth and feed conversion and do not prevent trout culture in principle. 相似文献
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Endo T Hisamichi Y Haraguchi K Kato Y Ohta C Koga N 《Marine pollution bulletin》2008,56(10):1774-1780
We analyzed Hg, Zn and Cu concentrations in the liver and muscle of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) from the coast of Ishigaki Island, Japan. The Hg concentration in the muscle increased proportionally with body length in the tiger sharks, whereas that in the liver increased rapidly after maturity (defined by a length of over 2.7 m). Muscle Hg levels were higher than liver concentrations in immature sharks, with the inverse trend observed in mature sharks. Notably, the Zn and Cu concentrations in the liver tended to decrease with increasing body length. This rapid increase in hepatic Hg concentration concurrent with the onset of maturity in sharks may result from the continuous intake of Hg via food and the slower growth of mature sharks. The high concentrations of the essential metals Zn and Cu in immature sharks may be explained by the physiological demands related to rapid growth. 相似文献
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一秋龄性成熟中华绒螫蟹的生物学──1.外部形态特征及性腺变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
极大螺旋藻藻体ＳＯＤ聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳呈现４条同工酶带,Ｈ２Ｏ２明显抑制该酶活性,ＫＣＮ对酶活性无影响,确认为Ｆｅ－ＳＯＤ。经硫酸铵分部盐析,离子交换柱层析及凝胶过滤,纯化到电泳单斑点均一程度。纯化的Ｆｅ－ＳＯＤ分子量为３９．３ＫＤ,亚基分子量为２０ＫＤ,金属元素分析表明,每个亚基含０．５５个Ｆｅ原子。该酶在紫外区最大吸收峰值为２７５．８ｎｍ,该酶氨基酸组成与蓝,绿藻和高等植物的Ｆｅ－ＳＯＤ相 相似文献
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Per Berggren Rasha Ishaq Yngve ZebÜhr Carina Nf Cecilia Bandh Dag Broman 《Marine pollution bulletin》1999,38(12):238-1084
Patterns and levels of chlorinated aromatic contaminants (DDTs, PCBs, non-ortho PCBs and PCDD/Fs) in blubber tissue were compared among six sample groups of male harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the Baltic Sea, the Kattegat-Skagerrak Seas and the west coast of Norway. A principal component and classification analysis showed that mature harbour porpoises from the Baltic had significantly different contaminant patterns than animals from the Kattegat-Skagerrak and Norway. ANOVAs showed that mature porpoises from the Baltic had higher levels of ΣPCB and several individual PCBs and PCDD/Fs than the Kattegat-Skagerrak and the Norwegian samples and higher ΣDDT than the Norwegian. A comparison between immature porpoises showed that Baltic animals had higher levels of ΣPCDD/F than the corresponding sample from the Kattegat-Skagerrak. The levels of ΣDDT, ΣPCB and Σnon-ortho PCB were significantly higher in animals collected during 1978–81 compared to animals collected in 1988–90 indicating a temporal decline of these organochlorines in the Kattegat-Skagerrak Seas. The contaminant levels recorded in the Baltic Sea are a serious cause for concern and could have management implications for the already threatened harbour porpoises in this area. 相似文献
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Victoria Ochoa Carmen Riva Melissa Faria Carlos Barata 《Marine pollution bulletin》2013,66(1-2):135-142
Marine bivalves such as oysters are widely used as bioindicators to monitor marine coastal pollution. This study aimed to use B-esterase activity responses in oysters (Crassostrea gigas) cultured in Ebro Delta bays to monitor environmental effects of pesticides. The B esterases investigated were acetylcholinesterase, propionylcholinesterase, and carboxylesterase and their activities were measured in adductor muscle and gills from oysters transplanted in Ebro Delta bays where the are traditionally grown. Enzyme activities were related with physico-chemical parameters and pesticide levels measured in water. Cholinesterase activities measured in gills were unaffected across sites and periods. Conversely, carboxylesterase activities in oyster gills varied across periods and sites and were negatively correlated with residue levels of organophoshporous and carbamate pesticides in water. Therefore, inhibition of carboxylesterase activities can be considered a good indicator of exposure to anti-cholinergic pesticides in oysters. 相似文献
17.
Stefan Gronsdahl R. Dan Moore Jordan Rosenfeld Rich McCleary Rita Winkler 《水文研究》2019,33(25):3152-3168
Periods of summertime low flows are often critical for fish. This study quantified the impacts of forest clear‐cutting on summertime low flows and fish habitat and how they evolved through time in two snowmelt‐dominant headwater catchments in the southern interior of British Columbia, Canada. A paired‐catchment analysis was applied to July–September water yield, the number of days each year with flow less than 10% of mean annual discharge, and daily streamflow for each calendar day. The postharvest time series were divided into treatment periods of approximately 6–10 years, which were analysed independently to evaluate how the effects of forestry changed through time. An instream flow assessment using a physical habitat simulation‐style approach was used to relate streamflow to the availability of physical habitat for resident rainbow trout. About two decades after the onset of logging and as the extent of logging increased to approximately 50% of the catchments, reductions in daily summertime low flows became more significant for the July–September yield (43%) and for the analysis by calendar day (11–68%). Reductions in summertime low flows were most pronounced in the catchment with the longest postharvest time series. On the basis of the temporal patterns of response, we hypothesize that the delayed reductions in late‐summer flow represent the combined effects of a persistent advance in snowmelt timing in combination with at least a partial recovery of transpiration and interception loss from the regenerating forests. These results indicate that asymptotic hydrological recovery as time progresses following logging is not suitable for understanding the impacts of forest harvesting on summertime low flows. Additionally, these reductions in streamflow corresponded to persistent decreases in modelled fish habitat availability that typically ranged from 20% to 50% during the summer low‐flow period in one of the catchments, suggesting that forest harvest may have substantial delayed effects on rearing salmonids in headwater streams. 相似文献
18.
Ximena Aguilera Steven Declerck Luc De Meester Mabel Maldonado Frans Ollevier 《Limnologica》2006,36(4):258-268
Tropical high Andes lakes are aquatic ecosystems with peculiar limnological characteristics that are related to their geographical location and high altitude, yet they remained understudied. We present the results of a standardized survey of morphometric, physico-chemical and biotic variables in 32 high altitude lakes of the Cordillera del Tunari (Eastern Andes of Bolivia). Based on the variables measured, we identified three lake types. One group of lakes differed from the other lakes by a relatively high pH and biological productivity (as evidenced from higher densities of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and fish). A second group of lakes consisted of relatively large and deep water bodies with neutral to slightly acid pH and with a relatively high occurrence of the large cladoceran Daphnia pulex. The third group contained relatively small, shallow, and acid lakes with no Daphnia. Rainbow trout occurred in more than half of the lakes and catch yields were very variable. Overall, the abundances of different organism groups tended to be positively associated (e.g. phytoplankton, copepods, rotifers, fish) indicating the existence of a major productivity gradient. We found no negative associations between trout catches and densities of any of the major zooplankton groups, suggesting moderate to low top-down effects of trout on the zooplankton communities. 相似文献
19.
A. Villeneuve B. Montuelle A. Bouchez 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2010,72(1):33-44
Small streams are ecosystems mainly controlled by physical factors. Minor differences in these factors can affect periphyton,
which are key functional communities in these ecosystems. Eight different environmental conditions combining two types of
current, two flow velocities and two light intensities were produced and controlled in artificial channels. Their impact on
young and mature periphyton was investigated during a 6-week exposure period. The two different levels of light intensity
produced early effects on the algal community. In young periphyton, the lower level of light intensity enhanced the number
of algal cells, and this community appeared to be significantly structured by light. As the periphyton matured, the effects
of physical factors became more marked. At this later stage, both the bacterial and algal communities began to be affected.
Both function (primary production) and structure began to respond to differences in light and in flow velocity. Small differences
in low-level environmental factors, such as light and flow, had an effect both on the structure of periphyton and its functional
capacities. Keeping in mind the close link between diversity and function in microbial communities, periphyton confronted
to various environmental stresses (pollution, flooding) in the field may behave differently due to minor differences in physical
factors. 相似文献