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1.
近50年拉萨日照时数的变化特征 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
采用气候倾向率方法对拉萨1953～2005年的年、季节日照时数变化趋势分析表明,近50年来拉萨年日照时数和各季节日照时数都存在不同程度的减少趋势,年日照时数以每10年27.6h倾向率减少,且这种减少的趋势在增大,主要表现在夏、秋季。20世纪50～80年代年日照时数均为正距平,90年代以负距平为其主要的年际变化特征;90年代夏季日照明显偏少,60年代冬季日照充足。年日照时数90年代末出现异常偏少年,夏季日照时数仅在2000年出现了异常偏少现象,而冬季日照时数多异常年份,主要发生在50年代。年平均总云量减少趋势明显,低云量下降趋势显著。 相似文献
2.
城市化对北京地区日照时数和云量变化趋势的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用1961～2008年北京城区和郊区12个台站的气候观测资料,采用趋势分析和累积距平的方法,研究了北京城区和郊区近48年的日照时数、总云量及低云量的年际和四季变化趋势,并探讨了城市化进程对日照和云量变化的影响。结果表明：近48年来,城区的总云量和日照时数呈减少趋势,但低云量呈增加趋势;郊区的总云量和低云量呈增加趋势,而日照时数呈减少趋势;具体到年代变化,1980年代初以后,城区总云量呈减少趋势,且1990年代减少的趋势最为明显,2000年后,城区总云量变化发生逆转,呈显著增加趋势。对于低云量,1960年代到1980年代,城区郊区低云量呈波动减少趋势,而1990年代到2000年代后呈波动增加趋势。对于日照时数,1960年代到1980年代城区郊区日照时数均呈增加趋势,1990年代至2000年代则呈明显减少的趋势。低云量与日照时数表现出明显负相关特征,这与北京城市化发展对区域气候的影响有密切的关系。 相似文献
3.
4.
利用柴达木盆地格尔木站及周边9个气象站近60a逐月、年日照时数、气温、云量、降水、相对湿度资料以及1951~2013年西太平洋副高面积指数资料,通过统计学方法、突变检验、小波分析等方法,对格尔木日照时数的气候变化特征进行了分析。结果表明：近60a来格尔木日照时数变化总体呈下降趋势,春季变化较平稳,夏、秋、冬三季呈明显的减少趋势。月日照时数5月最多、2月最少。年代际变化上世纪50年代和60年代较为平稳,70年代突然下降,80年代又有所增加,90年代比80年代略有减少。到了本世纪头十年,平均日照时数急剧减少。日照时数具有明显的5年和7年短周期,日照时数在2006年出现突变。从研究结果来看,自然因子大气环流、气温、总云量、低云量、相对湿度等因素是格尔木及周边地区日照时数变化的主要影响因子,人工增雨为主的人类活动和三江源地区生态保护工程的实施对格尔木及周边地区日照时数也可能是影响因子,但这还有待进一步研究证实。 相似文献
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6.
红富士苹果果面裂纹与气象因子关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对万荣县1991—2013年红富士苹果果面裂纹情况与同时期的气象资料进行对比分析,运用Excel、SPSS软件分析果面裂纹等级与温度、降水、日照、湿度、降水日数等气象因子的相关关系,寻找影响万荣县红富士苹果裂纹的关键因子,结果表明：8月上旬的日照时数、9月降水量、9月相对湿度和6月降水量等能够影响果面裂纹,其中9月降水、相对湿度、6月降水量与果面裂纹等级呈负相关, 而8月上旬的日照时数与果面裂纹等级呈正相关。 相似文献
7.
利用阿拉善高原近40a(1971—2010年)观测年及四季平均总云量,分析其时空变化特征及Hurst指数,并对总云量与降水量、平均气温、日照时数及相对湿度等因子之间的关系进行分析。结果表明:(1)阿拉善高原近40a平均总云量在38.3%~45.8%之间;北部地区年平均总云量减少趋势显著,南部地区呈不明显的减少趋势。(2)年平均总云量与相对湿度呈显著正相关,与降水量、日照时数、平均气温相关不显著。春季、秋季和冬季总云量与降水、相对湿度呈显著正相关,与日照时数显著负相关,与平均气温相关性不显著。夏季总云量和降水量相关不显著,与相对湿度呈显著的正相关,与日照时数和平均气温呈显著的负相关。(3)Hurst指数分析显示,阿拉善高原北部地区年平均总云量、南部地区春季总云量、东北地区夏季总云量未来将显著减少,其余地区年及四季总云量的减少趋势不显著。 相似文献
8.
采用新疆天山地区55个气象站1961—2015年逐月气象数据,用Mann Kendall突变检验、基于ArcGIS的混合插值及偏相关分析对天山日照时数年、季节特征及影响因素进行分析。结果表明：①天山日照时数年及季节均呈减少趋势,天山各区域变化差异显著,山区及天山北坡变化趋势明显于南坡。②天山北坡、天山南坡及天山山区年日照时数突变时间为1985年、1980年和1988年,云量和降水是导致突变发生的主导因素。③新疆天山年日照时数由西向东逐渐增加,平原多、山区少,春季呈“东北部多、西南部少”,夏季为 “东北部多、西南部少”,平原盆地高于山区,秋季呈现“北少南多,东多西少”,冬季由南向北逐渐减少。④云量、降水是导致天山地区日照减少的主要因素,少云区日照时数较多,多云区日照时数较少,天山云量减幅或增幅区域,日照时数突变量变化明显。 相似文献
9.
B. Aksoy 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》1999,64(3-4):229-237
Summary The variations and trends of hourly sunshine duration at Ankara for the period 1955–1996 were examined. A tangible change
of 7 percent was determined relative to the annual baseline. Decreases were detected in each hour of the day and appear to
be highest at sunrise and sunset. Changes in relative humidity that may lead to changes in the threshold of the sunshine recorders
were evaluated in order to explain the decreases of sunshine duration. Correlations with other meteorological parameters were
also analysed. The results indicate that the variations and trends in sunshine duration can be explained by changes in the
other meteorological parameters.
Received September 11, 1998 Revised March 18, 1999 相似文献
10.
A regional climate model is used to investigate the mechanism of interdecadal rainfall variability, specifically the drought
of the 1970s and 1980s, in the Sahel region of Africa. The model is the National Center for Environmental Prediction’s (NCEPs)
Regional Spectral Model (RSM97), with a horizontal resolution of approximately equivalent to a grid spacing of 50 km, nested
within the ECHAM4.5 atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), which in turn was forced by observed sea surface temperature
(SST). Simulations for the July–September season of the individual years 1955 and 1986 produced wet conditions in 1955 and
dry conditions in 1986 in the Sahel, as observed. Additional July–September simulations were run forced by SSTs averaged for
each month over the periods 1950–1959 and the 1978–1987. These simulations yielded wet conditions in the 1950–1959 case and
dry conditions in the 1978–1987 case, confirming the role of SST forcing in decadal variability in particular. To test the
hypothesis that the SST influences Sahel rainfall via stabilization of the tropospheric sounding, simulations were performed
in which the temperature field from the AGCM was artificially modified before it was used to force the regional model. We
modified the original 1955 ECHAM4.5 temperature profiles by adding a horizontally uniform, vertically varying temperature
increase, taken from the 1986–1955 tropical mean warming in either the AGCM or the NCEP/National Center for Atmospheric Research
Reanalysis. When compared to the 1955 simulations without the added tropospheric warming, these simulations show a drying
in the Sahel similar to that in the 1986–1955 difference and to the decadal difference between the 1980s and 1950s. This suggests
that the tropospheric warming may have been, at least in part, the agent by which the SST increases led to the Sahel drought
of the 1970s and 1980s. 相似文献
11.
1951~2010年云贵高原大理和丽江气温、降水的气候特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用大理和丽江气象站1951~2010年的逐日气象资料,分析了横断山脉东部气温、降水的气候特征。结果表明,1991年以后,大理和丽江地区均存在显著增温的趋势（0.58和0.55℃/10 a）,明显高于同时期中国平均气温的增加幅度;而在1991年之前,大理和丽江的年平均气温呈现下降或微弱上升的趋势（-0.14和0.07℃/10 a）。与夏季平均气温的增温幅度相比,冬季平均气温的增温更显著,且其变化趋势与年均气温的气候特征是一致的。大理和丽江年总降水及各季节降水量在1951~2010年并没有明显增加或减少的趋势。大理和丽江雨季开始的时间分别为第28候和第30候,持续时间分别约为5.5和4.5个月。20世纪80年代以后,丽江年平均风速的减小强度明显大于大理,这是因为丽江站地处城区,城市化剧烈,地表粗糙度增加显著。日照时数与云量呈反相的季节变化,降水量的多年平均的逐候变化与日照时数、总云量、尤其是低云云量相关,随风速增大而减小。 相似文献
12.
Daily global solar irradiation (R s) is one of the main inputs in environmental modeling. Because of the lack of its measuring facilities, high-quality and long-term data are limited. In this research, R s values were estimated based on measured sunshine duration and cloud cover of our synoptic meteorological stations in central and southern Iran during 2008, 2009, and 2011. Clear sky solar irradiation was estimated from linear regression using extraterrestrial solar irradiation as the independent variable with normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of 4.69 %. Daily R s was calibrated using measured sunshine duration and cloud cover data under different sky conditions during 2008 and 2009. The 2011 data were used for model validation. According to the results, in the presence of clouds, the R s model using sunshine duration data was more accurate when compared with the model using cloud cover data (NRMSE = 11. 69 %). In both models, with increasing sky cloudiness, the accuracy decreased. In the study region, more than 92 % of sunshine durations were clear or partly cloudy, which received close to 95 % of total solar irradiation. Hence, it was possible to estimate solar irradiation with a good accuracy in most days with the measurements of sunshine duration. 相似文献
13.
Spatial dependence of diurnal temperature range trends on precipitation from 1950 to 2004 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Liming Zhou Aiguo Dai Yongjiu Dai Russell S. Vose Cheng-Zhi Zou Yuhong Tian Haishan Chen 《Climate Dynamics》2009,32(2-3):429-440
This paper analyzes the spatial dependence of annual diurnal temperature range (DTR) trends from 1950–2004 on the annual climatology of three variables: precipitation, cloud cover, and leaf area index (LAI), by classifying the global land into various climatic regions based on the climatological annual precipitation. The regional average trends for annual minimum temperature (T min) and DTR exhibit significant spatial correlations with the climatological values of these three variables, while such correlation for annual maximum temperature (T max) is very weak. In general, the magnitude of the downward trend of DTR and the warming trend of T min decreases with increasing precipitation amount, cloud cover, and LAI, i.e., with stronger DTR decreasing trends over drier regions. Such spatial dependence of T min and DTR trends on the climatological precipitation possibly reflects large-scale effects of increased global greenhouse gases and aerosols (and associated changes in cloudiness, soil moisture, and water vapor) during the later half of the twentieth century. 相似文献
14.
天津滨海区50年局地气候变化特征 总被引：18，自引：1，他引：18
利用1951～2000年天津滨海新区的气象资料，分析了50年来气温、降水、日照的变化特征，结果显示天津滨海新区年、冬季、夏季气温均呈上升趋势，20世纪50～80年代冬季增温强于夏季，90年代则夏季升温最为明显；降水总体趋势下降，90年代降到50年来的最小值；年平均日照时数也呈总体下降趋势，90年代下降最为显著。表明天津滨海新区气候正在趋向变暖，特别是近10年来气温急剧升高，降水量锐减、日照时数明显减少，使得高温、干旱、少日照成为天津滨海新区气候的突出问题。 相似文献
15.
Qinglong You Shichang Kang Wolfgang-Albert Flügel Arturo Sanchez-Lorenzo Yuping Yan Jie Huang Javier Martin-Vide 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2010,101(3-4):445-457
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) with an average elevation of over 4,000 m asl is the highest and most extensive highland in the world. We used monthly mean sunshine duration from the Chinese Meteorological Administration to examine the spatial and temporal variability of sunshine duration at 71 stations with elevations above 2,000 m asl in the eastern and central TP during the 1961–2005 period. The temporal evolution of the mean annual sunshine duration series shows a significant increase from 1961 to 1982 at a rate of 49.8 h/decade, followed by a decrease from 1983 to 2005 at a rate of ?65.1 h/decade, with an overall significant decrease at a rate of ?20.6 h/decade during the whole 1961–2005 period, which is mainly due to the summer and spring seasons. This confirms the evidence that sunshine duration in the TP ranges from brightening to dimming in accordance with sunshine duration trends in the rest of China. The surface solar radiation downwards from ERA-40 reanalysis data in the same region confirms the brightening/dimming phenomenon shown by the sunshine duration before/after the 1980s. Otherwise, additional climatic variables such as low cloud amount, total cloud amount, precipitation, relative humidity and water vapor pressure, in most cases, exhibit significant negative correlation with sunshine duration in the TP on an annual and seasonal basis before and after 1982, respectively. The trends of these variables suggest that changes in some of them might be related to the brightening and dimming detected with the use of sunshine duration measurements over the TP. We also hypothesize that the impact of anthropogenic aerosols upon the climatic variables analyzed cannot be rejected, especially in the significant increase in low cloud cover since approximately 1980. 相似文献
16.
利用线性趋势法对1961-2008年阿勒泰地区7个气象站点气温日较差进行趋势研究,并根据各因子趋势值,应用相关统计法分析了影响气温日较差呈减小趋势的因子。结果表明：阿勒泰地区四季日较差呈现显著减小趋势,其中冬季最显著,秋季变化最弱。各季节最低气温上升趋势最明显,而最高气温上升趋势较弱。阿勒泰地区与月平均气温日较差相关性最强的因子是日照时数,呈正相关;其次分别为总云量、降水量和水汽压,都呈负相关。年气温日较差与降水量和水汽压相关性最大。 相似文献
17.
基于1976~2018年山西东南部11个地面气象观测站的逐月日照时数资料,分析了近43a山西东南部日照时数的时空变化特征,以及总云量、低云量、水汽压、降水量、雾日数和霾日数等气象因子对日照时数的影响。结果表明:山西东南部平均年日照时数空间差异显著,呈南北多、东西和中部少的分布特征;近43a年山西东南部日照时数呈显著减少趋势,气候倾向率为?71.9h/10a,2005年发生由多转少的突变;四季日照时数由多到少依次为春季、夏季、秋季及冬季,均呈减少趋势,其中春季趋势最小,秋季趋势最大;各月日照时数分布不均匀,5月最多,2月最少,除3月日照时数呈增加趋势外,其余各月均呈减少趋势,6月和9月的减少趋势最为显著;近43a总云量、雾日数、霾日数均呈显著增加趋势,而低云量、水汽压、降水量变化趋势不显著;雾日数增加是导致春季、秋季、冬季和年日照时数减少的重要因子之一,总云量增加是导致夏季、秋季、冬季和年日照时数减少的重要因子之一,降水量增加对夏季日照时数减少也有一定影响。 相似文献
18.
近46a山东菏泽日照变化特征及影响因子 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1965～2010年菏泽日照、云量、雾（轻雾）、相对湿度、降水等资料,采用气候倾向率、9点2次平滑、突变检验、回归分析等统计方法,分析了近46a菏泽日照时数变化特征及影响因子。结果表明：近46a菏泽日照时数极显著减少,平均每10a减少121．66h;夏季和秋季极显著减少,冬季显著减少,春季减少趋势不显著;减少趋势最大的是8月。1981年是菏泽日照时数减少突变的时间点,也是日照时数由正距平优势向负距平优势的转折点。年日照时数与总云量、相对湿度和轻雾日数呈极显著负相关,与雾日数呈弱显著负相关;四季日照时数除夏季与雾日数负相关不显著外,均与平均总云量、相对湿度、雾和轻雾日数、降水量和降水日数呈显著负相关。影响菏泽年和春、夏季日照时数变化的主要因子为总云量、相对湿度和雾,秋季主要因子为总云量、雾和降水日数,冬季主要因子为总云量、相对湿度和降水日数。 相似文献
19.
Summary ¶Many scientists have suggested that variations in cosmic ray flux may impact cloudiness at regional, hemispheric, or global scales. However, considerable debate surrounds (a) whether high or low clouds are most strongly impacted by cosmic rays, (b) the degree of seasonality in cloud responses to cosmic rays, and (c) the determination of physical processes involved in cosmic ray/cloud interactions. Some scientists find strong correlation coefficients between cloud measurements and cosmic ray flux, while others find no relationship whatsoever; virtually all scientists working on this issue are hampered by the relatively short time period with accurate cloud and cosmic ray flux records. In an attempt to extend the period of record, we assembled surface and radiosonde data for the United States over the period 1957–1996 along with sunspot records which are known to be strongly, but inversely, related to cosmic ray flux. We also assembled cloud cover data and cosmic ray measurements over a reduced time period. We found that periods with low sunspot number (times with high cosmic ray flux) are associated with significantly higher dew point depressions, a higher diurnal temperature range, and less cloud cover. Our results do not support suggestions of increased cloud cover during periods of high cosmic ray flux.Received May 14, 2002; accepted February 17, 2003
Published online May 26, 2003 相似文献
20.
近40年青藏高原东侧地区云、日照、温度及日较差的分析 总被引：48，自引：20，他引：48
统计分析了半个世纪以来，气候变冷区域青藏高原东侧地区云，日照，温度和日较差的变化及相互关系。结果表明，青藏高原东侧地区气候变化具有显著的区域特征,总云量与日照比全国平均情况有更密切的反相关系，并且都与日较差有很好的线性相关。在春，夏季，它们都与温度有，但秋，冬季相关不明显。最后指出了云和日照可能是青藏高原东侧地区春，夏季温度变化的重要原因，而秋，冬季则与亚洲范围大气环流及青藏高原影响等有关。 相似文献