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1.
对企鹅珍珠贝稚贝、中贝和成贝在降低盐度的海水中存活状态进行了观察和研究。在水温20~23℃,以不同盐度梯度(8、12、16、20、24、28、30和33)的海水暂养稚贝并定时检查,在广东的四个海区,对盐度变化时中贝及成贝的养殖成活率进行了观察。结果表明:盐度低于16的3个组,稚贝在60h内全部死亡,盐度20~24海水中,稚贝虽只有部分死亡,但活力较差;稚贝在14的海水中4h后转入正常海水,可全部存活,而超过8h后再移入正常海水的稚贝会陆续死亡;在盐度18海水中,稚贝一直未分泌足丝附着,而移入正常海水,6h就有小苗附着;大万山岛附近海域在雨季盐度可降至20以下,6~9月不适合养殖,而其它实验点可以通过深吊避免海水盐度变化造成企鹅珍珠贝死亡。  相似文献   

2.
在实验室室内控温控盐条件下,采用生态学方法研究印尼大珠母贝(Pinctada maxima)稚贝水体温度和盐度的耐受性。结果表明,在温度条件中,12、13、14℃低温区为致死温度,稚贝100%死亡分别耗时6、9、12d;15、16、17、18℃低温区及常温组(26~28℃)存活率分别为41.11%、78.91%、91.10%、94.43%和96.67%;受寒致死温度为15.12℃,低温敏感起始点为16℃;36、37、38℃高温区为致死温度,全部稚贝死亡分别耗时8、3、2 d;常温、32、33、34、35℃高温区组存活率分别为96.67%、93.32%、88.91%、73.40%和14.31%;受热致死温度为34.35℃,高温敏感起始点为34℃;存活率在低温端下降更迅速,稚贝对低温更为敏感。在盐度条件中,盐度12低盐组,5 d内稚贝100%死亡,盐度42、45的高盐组,全部稚贝分别在18 d和4 d内死亡,其它盐度组保持存活;适宜及最适生存盐度分别为16.3~39.5和24~33;适宜及最适宜生长盐度分别为13.1~37.8和27;低、高盐敏感起始点分别为盐度21、36。  相似文献   

3.
墨西哥湾扇贝稚贝盐度适应性的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在室内控制条件下,观察不同海水盐度对墨西哥湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians concentricusSay)稚贝存活及生长的影响,并将168 h 50%死亡的盐度作为适宜生存临界盐度,将增长率为最佳增长率30%时所对应的盐度作为适宜生长临界盐度。结果表明:在稚贝壳高4.38 mm±0.31 mm,水温25.4~27.8℃,pH值7.8~8.2下,墨西哥湾扇贝稚贝适宜生存盐度为23.6~35.7,最适生存盐度为26.0~31.3;适宜生长盐度为23.9~35.8,最适生长盐度为28.7~31.3。在盐度变化超出最适范围时,`墨西哥湾扇贝稚贝对低盐更为敏感,高盐比低盐对稚贝存活、生长、增重的影响小。当盐度为28.7时,墨西哥湾扇贝稚贝具有最高的相对存活率(100%)、壳高日增长率(0.116 2 mm.d-1)及体重日增长率(1.95 mg.d-1)。当盐度在最适范围之外升高或降低,稚贝的存活率、壳高及体重日增长率也随着降低。  相似文献   

4.
为了解珠母贝早期发育阶段最适存活和生长条件,于2013年5—6月在珍珠贝养殖场进行不同海水盐度对珠母贝直线铰合期幼虫、壳顶期幼虫和稚贝生长及存活的影响实验。结果表明:珠母贝直线铰合期幼虫存活适宜盐度为2285—3886,最适盐度为2719—3502,壳长增长的适宜盐度为2043—4123,最适盐度为3110;壳顶期幼虫存活适宜盐度为2310-3914,最适盐度为2719—3502,壳长增长的适宜盐度为2029—4009,最适盐度为3110·3502;稚贝存活适宜盐度为2064—3910,最适盐度为2719—3502,壳长增长的适宜盐度为1938—4130,最适盐度为2719—3110。  相似文献   

5.
在水温26.8~31.8℃、PH值7.8~8.1室内条件下,于12.8~37.1盐度范围设置10个梯度,观察不同海水盐度对施獭蛤(Lutraria sieboldii)稚贝存活及生长的影响。结果表明:施獭蛤稚贝适宜生存盐度为19.8~33.8,最适宜生存盐度为26.3~31.7;适宜生长盐度为21.9~33.7,最适宜生长盐度为26.3~29.0。  相似文献   

6.
企鹅珍珠贝[Pteria(Magnavicula)penguin(R ding)]分布于热带亚热带海域,在台湾、两广沿海和海南岛有野生种群栖息,它是珍珠贝属的一种可生产大规格附壳珠和正圆珠的大型贝类。近年来企鹅珍珠贝的种苗生产、养殖和大型珍珠培育以及生化遗传的研究受到关注。在养殖中,其他海洋生物的附着或寄生成为影响企鹅珍珠贝生长与存活的重要因素,目前相关研究仅见其他贝类的多毛虫寄生病[1-4]、附着敌害生物和网笼污损生物类群等[5-7]的报道,而企鹅珍珠贝的污损生物的研究仅见污损苔虫的文献记录[8]。本文对企鹅珍珠贝的附着生物进行了初步鉴别,并分…  相似文献   

7.
在室内条件下,以珠母贝(Pinctada margaritifera)稚贝作为实验对象,设置10、12、14、16、18、20、23、26、29、31、33、35、37℃组和常温组(27.3~30.6℃,CK),研究珠母贝稚贝温度适应性。结果表明:10、12及37℃条件下,珠母贝稚贝存活12d、15d及48 h;稚贝适宜存活温度为15.3~33.4℃,最适宜存活温度为23~31℃,低温和高温敏感起始点分别为26和31℃;稚贝适宜生长温度为17.8~33.1℃,最适生长温度为29~3 1℃;温度对稚贝水层分布和生理产生影响,35℃时稚贝在水面以上的分布显著高于其他组,10~14及35~37℃组稚贝活动、摄食能力差,16~33℃稚贝运动、摄食能力好。  相似文献   

8.
企鹅珍珠贝主要污损生物的初步研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
企鹅珍珠贝[Pteria(Magnavicula)penguin(Roeding)]分布于热带亚热带海域,在台湾、两广沿海和海南岛有野生种群栖息,它是珍珠贝属的一种可生产大规格附壳珠和正圆珠的大型贝类。近年来企鹅珍珠贝的种苗生产、养殖和大型珍珠培育以及生化遗传的研究受到关注。在养殖中,其他海洋生物的附着或寄生成为影响企鹅珍珠贝生长与存活的重要因素,目前相关研究仅见其他贝类的多毛虫寄生病、附着敌害生物和网笼污损生物类群等的报道,而企鹅珍珠贝的污损生物的研究仅见污损苔虫的文献记录。本文对企鹅珍珠贝的附着生物进行了初步鉴别,并分析它们的附着或寄生状态。  相似文献   

9.
龙虎斑是由棕点石斑鱼(Epinephelusfuscoguttatus♀)和鞍带石斑鱼(Epinepheluslanceolatus♂)的杂交种。研究水温及盐度在骤变和渐变情况下龙虎斑的存活和摄食情况,结果表明:龙虎斑在温度为1435℃的海水中均能存活和摄食,最适宜温度环境为2535℃的海水中均能存活和摄食,最适宜温度环境为2535℃;温度从30℃骤变至20、25、35℃时,龙虎斑100%存活;从30℃骤变至10℃和15℃时,龙虎斑全部死亡;水温从30℃开始渐变,下降幅度为1℃/d,当下降至24℃时摄食减少,13℃时停止摄食,下降至11℃时出现死亡。龙虎斑在盐度为135℃;温度从30℃骤变至20、25、35℃时,龙虎斑100%存活;从30℃骤变至10℃和15℃时,龙虎斑全部死亡;水温从30℃开始渐变,下降幅度为1℃/d,当下降至24℃时摄食减少,13℃时停止摄食,下降至11℃时出现死亡。龙虎斑在盐度为155的海水中均能存活和摄食,摄食适宜海水盐度为455的海水中均能存活和摄食,摄食适宜海水盐度为445;盐度从30骤变至5、10、15、20、25、35、40、45、50、55等盐度时,龙虎斑100%存活,骤变至0时,4 h内存活率100%,16 h存活率55.5%;盐度从30渐变,每天降低2,降至6后,每天降低1,盐度降到1时,龙虎斑的活动和摄食明显减少,渐变至0时,36 h出现死亡,48 h内全部死亡。  相似文献   

10.
在室内控制条件下,研究了几种环境因素对西施舌稚贝生长发育的影响。结果表明,西施舌稚贝最适生长温度为25.50~27.40℃,最适盐度为24.16~25.66,适应pH为7.5~8.5。壳长1 000~1 200μm的稚贝,在气温25℃与30℃时,干露时间不宜超过25 min;中砂有利于稚贝附着与生长。立体培育的西施舌稚贝,活动强、生长快。  相似文献   

11.
This study examined the effects of salinity on embryonic development, survival, and growth of the Hong Kong oyster Crassostrea hongkongensis. The embryos, larvae, and juveniles of C. hongkongensis were held in artificial seawater at three different salinities (low, 15; medium, 23; and high, 30) to determine the optimum hatchery and nursery conditions for mass production of the seeds. Results showed that the percentage production of straight-hinged larvae from fertilized eggs was significantly lower at the high salinity than at the low- and medium-salinities (P < 0.05). The survival rates of larvae and juveniles differed significantly among the three salinity trials, with the highest survival rate observed at the low salinity (P < 0.05). The shell height of larvae was significantly larger at the low salinity than at the high and medium salinities from days 9 to 15 (P < 0.05), whereas that of juveniles was significantly larger at the low salinity than at the high and medium salinities on day 70 (P < 0.05). These results indicate that the larvae and juveniles of C. hongkongensis are tolerant to a wide range of salinities (15 to 30), but show better growth and survival at relatively low salinities. Thus, it is recommended to use relatively low salinities in hatchery and nursery systems for improved yields of C. hongkongensis.  相似文献   

12.
温度和盐度对方斑东风螺胚胎发育的影响   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
研究了温度和盐度对方斑东风螺胚胎发育的影响。结果表明:方斑东风螺胚胎发育的最低和最高临温分别为20℃和32℃,最适温度范围为24~28℃,在此温度范围内,方斑东风螺胚胎发育所需时间[T(h) ]温[X(℃) ]呈负相关关系,它们之间的回归关系符合指数函数方程:T=438 .30e-0. 043 3X(R2 =0. 982 3,P<0 胚胎发育的最低和最高临界盐度分别为14和32,最适盐度范围为20 ~28,在适宜盐度范围内,不同盐度对方风螺的胚胎发育速度无显著影响。  相似文献   

13.
1 Introduction Theuseofnaturalresources ,includingthosebeingofseeminglymarginalvalue ,isanimportanthumanactivitydesignedtoincreasefoodproductionandin come .Inagriculture ,soilsmaybetoosalinetosup portprofitablecrophusbandry ,yetsuchsoilmaybeusedalternat…  相似文献   

14.
Ruditapes philippinarum,a clam that thrives in intertidal zones of various salinities,is a useful biomonitor to marine contaminants.We investigated the influence of dilution to 75% and 50% of normal seawater salinity(31.1) on the responses of the digestive gland of R.philippinarum to arsenic exposure(20 μg/L),using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-based metabolomics.After acute arsenic exposure for 48 h,salinity-dependent differential metabolic responses were detected.In normal seawater,arsenic exposure increased the concentrations of branched-chain amino acids,and of threonine,proline,phosphocholine and adenosine,and it decreased the levels of alanine,hypotaurine,glucose,glycogen and ATP in the digestive glands.Differential changes in metabolic biomarkers observed at lower salinity(~23.3) included elevation of succinate,taurine and ATP,and depletion of branched-chain amino acids,threonine and glutamine.Unique effects of arsenic at the lowest salinity(~15.6) included down-regulation of glutamate,succinate and ADP,and up-regulation of phosphocholine.We conclude that salinity influences the metabolic responses of this clam to arsenic.  相似文献   

15.
企鹅珍珠贝人工养殖及育珠的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在幼贝中间养成中采用柱形笼养殖法,母贝的养成中采用穿耳开放式养殖法,与全程采用锥形笼的传统式养殖方法相比较,进行企鹅珍珠贝人工养殖。结果表明:采用本技术养殖企鹅珍珠贝,在幼贝中间养成阶段,比传统养殖的壳高生长速率提高32·1%(P<0·05),壳长生长速率提高30·3%(P<0·01),成活率提高36%(P<0·01);母贝养成阶段,比传统养殖的壳高生长速率提高28·1%(P<0·05),壳长生长速率提高26·7%(P<0·01),成活率提高18·3%(P<0·01)。同时进行企鹅珍珠贝人工培育游离珠实验,植核贝在休养期和育珠期存活率分别为71·2%和54·3%,留核率分别为29·6·6%和21·0%,成珠率58·6%,优质珠比例为26·7%。  相似文献   

16.
Black rockfi sh Sebastes schlegelii juveniles(30–40 mm total length) were immersed in a range of calcein(CAL) solutions at concentrations ranging from 50 to 250 mg/L and alizarin red S(ARS) solutions at concentrations ranging from 100 to 500 mg/L in fi ltered seawater(salinity 30) for 24 h. Fluorescent marks were detected in otoliths(sagittae, asteriscus), scales, fi n rays(dorsal, pectoral, ventral, anal, and caudal fi n rays), and fi n spines(dorsal, ventral, and anal fi n spines) after a 60-d growth experiment. With the exception of 50–100 mg/L CAL, acceptable marks were produced in the otoliths and fi n spines by all concentrations of CAL and ARS. In particular, marks were clearly visible under normal light in the sagittae, asteriscus, and fi n spines of fi sh immersed in 200–500 mg/L, 300–500 mg/L, and 200–500 mg/L ARS, respectively. Scales and fi n rays had acceptable marks at much higher concentrations(≥50 mg/L CAL, ≥300 mg/L ARS for scales and ≥50 mg/L CAL, ≥200 mg/L ARS for fi n rays). The mark quality was highest(i.e., acceptable marks were observed in all sampled structures after immersion marking) in fi sh immersed in 150–250 mg/L CAL or 300–500 mg/L ARS. In addition, there was no signifi cant difference in survival and growth of marked fi sh compared with controls 60 d post-marking( P 0.05).  相似文献   

17.
The Al-basic sacrificial anode is widely used to protect steel construction from corrosion in seawater,but is not suitable for protecting steel in freshwater. In the estuary area, seawater and freshwater mix anddifferent seawater salinity can be formed in different mixing sites between freshwater and seawater. Basedon the requirements of the Shengli Petroleum Administrative Bureau of China, the effect of seawatersalinity on electrochemical properties of Al-basic anode was studied under laboratory conditions by themethod given in National Standard GB 4948-85 (China Starndard Bureau, 1985). No obvious effectwas found when seawater salinity was 30 to 10, but obvious effect on anodic open circuit potential, closedcircuit potential and current efficiency was found when seawater salinity was 5. These values are lowerthan those given in the Naional Standard.  相似文献   

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