共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
B.L. Sidwell L.E. McKinney M.F. Bozeman P.C. Egbujor G.R. Eaton S.S. Eaton D.A. Netzel 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1979,43(8):1337-1342
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) reveals the presence of free radicals in raw shale, shale oil, and spent shale. Thirty-four samples of raw shale, and the spent shale and shale oil produced in the Fischer assay of these raw shale samples were studied. There is a significant correlation between the gallons per ton oil yield as estimated by Fischer assay and the spin density in the raw oil shale. However, the scatter in the data (due to uncertainties in sample preparation, Fischer assay results, and estimation of spins per gram of sample) limits the analytical utility of this finding. Sample preparation techniques affect the EPR signal. 相似文献
2.
Xiugen Fu Jian Wang Yuhong Zeng Fuwen Tan Xinglei Feng 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(3):1125-1134
The Shengli River–Changshe Mountain oil shale zone represents a potentially large marine oil shale resource in China. With the aim of better understanding the geochemistry of trace elements in marine oil shale and its combustion residues, 40 raw samples, 27 oil shale combustion residues and 29 selected minerals from Changliang Mountain oil shale are studied for geochemical analyses. The contents of Se, Cd, Mo, As, Cs, Pb, Sr and U in the oil shale samples are enriched from 1.47 to 33.91 times as compared with the Clarke values, whereas the concentrations of other elements are slightly higher/lower than the respective worldwide means. The most enriched elements in oil shale combustion residues are Se, Cd, Mo, As and U with enrichment values from 4.78 to 50.92. Trace elements with high volatile behaviour such as As, Co, Ni, Sc, Sn and V occur predominantly in organic matter and/or sulphides. Other non-volatile or slightly volatile trace elements (e.g., Be, Bi, Cs, Cu, Ga, Hf, Li, Nb, Rb, Ta, Th, W, Zr and REEs) may occur mainly in original and relatively refractory minerals in raw oil shale. The potentially hazardous trace elements in Changliang Mountain oil shale include As, Cd, Mo and Se. Arsenic and Se are controlled mainly by Fe-bearing minerals (probably pyrite) in Changliang Mountain oil shale. Cadmium is present mainly in dolomite, while Mo occurs mainly in organic matter. 相似文献
3.
Edward Werner Cook 《Chemical Geology》1973,11(4):321-324
Spark-source mass spectrometric analysis of pyrolyzed Green River oil shale for trace element distribution showed enhanced concentrations for only lithium and beryllium. In general, trace elemental concentrations were found to be below anticipated crustal amounts. There appears to be no promise of any substantial accumulation of any trace elements within the organic matrix of Green River oil shale. 相似文献
4.
As an important unconventional resource, oil shale has received widespread attention. The oil shale of the Chang 7 oil layer from Triassic Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin represents the typical lacustrine oil shale in China. Based on analyzing trace elements and oil yield from boreholes samples, characteristics and paleo-sedimentary environments of oil shale and relationship between paleo-sedimentary environment and oil yield were studied. With favorable quality, oil yield of oil shale varies from 1.4% to 9.1%. Geochemical data indicate that the paleo-redox condition of oil shale’s reducing condition from analyses of V/Cr, V/(V + Ni), U/Th, δU, and authigenic uranium. Equivalent Boron, Sp, and Sr/Ba illustrate that paleosalinity of oil shale is dominated by fresh water. The paleoclimate of oil shale is warm and humid by calculating the chemical index of alteration and Sr/Cu. Fe/Ti and (Fe + Mn)/Ti all explain that there were hot water activities during the sedimentary period of oil shale. In terms of Zr/Rb, paleohydrodynamics of oil shale is weak. By means of Co abundance and U/Th, paleo-water-depth of oil shale is from 17.30 to 157.26 m, reflecting sedimentary environment which is mainly in semi deep–deep lake facies. Correlation analyses between oil yield and six paleoenvironmental factors show that the oil yield of oil shale is mainly controlled by paleo-redox conditions, paleoclimate, hot water activities, and depth of water. Paleosalinity and paleohydrodynamics have an inconspicuous influence on oil yield. 相似文献
5.
The determination of trace element release from geologic materials, such as oil shale and coal overburden, is important for
proper solid waste management planning. The objective of this study was to determine a correlation between trace element residency
and concentration to trace element release using the following methods: (1) sequential selective dissolution for determining
trace element residencies, (2) toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), and (3) humidity cell weathering study simulating
maximum trace element release. Two eastern oil shales were used, a New albany shale that contains 4.6 percent pyrite, and
a Chattanooga shale that contains 1.5 percent pyrite. Each shale was analyzed for elemental concentrations by soluble, adsorbed,
organic, carbonate, and sulfide phases. All leachates were analyzed to determine total trace element concentrations.
The results of the selective dissolution studies show that each trace element has a unique distribution between the various
phases. Thus, it is possible to predict trace element release based on trace element residency. The TCLP results show that
this method is suitable for assessing soluble trace element release but does not realistically assess potential hazards. The
results of the humidity cell studies do demonstrate a more reasonable method for predicting trace element release and potential
water quality hazards. The humidity cell methods, however, require months to obtain the required data with a large number
of analytical measurements. When the selective dissolution data are compared to the trace element concentrations in the TCLP
and humidity cell leachates, it is shown that leachate concentrations are predicted by the selective dissolution data. Therefore,
selective dissolution may represent a rapid method to assess trace element release associated with acid mine drainage. 相似文献
6.
J. H. TerHeege B. B. T. Wassing B. Orlic S. B. Giger M. B. Clennell 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2013,46(3):465-478
Prediction of hydrocarbon column heights in structural traps critically depends on proper analysis of the sealing capacity of faults. Entrainment of clay in fault zones in upper crustal levels may lead to the development of continuous clay smears that dramatically increase the sealing capacity of faults. In this study, direct shear experiments on large-scale samples of layered sandstone–claystone–sandstone are simulated using two-dimensional discrete element numerical models to study the development of clay smears for different claystone types and normal stress conditions. Analysis of clay smear structures in terms of drag, slicing, wear and flow of clay reveals that drag is dominant at low shear displacements and high local stress concentrations, slicing and wear become important at higher shear displacement and low stresses at source bed near the fault zone. Correlation between critical fault displacements in the experiments and local stress ratios (shear stress divided by normal stress) in the models is used to determine smear failure and leakage for all claystones and normal stresses. A smear breach diagram with sealing/leaking conditions for faults containing clay smears shows that clay smears may be sealing at larger displacements than predicted by other fault seal algorithms, such as shale gouge ratio, in particular for low shale content and high normal stress. 相似文献
7.
Delu Li Rongxi Li Zengwu Zhu Xiaoli Wu Futian Liu Bangsheng Zhao Jinghua Cheng Baoping Wang 《中国地球化学学报》2018,37(1):134-150
Using trace elements to reconstruct paleoenvironment is a current hot topic in geochemistry. Through analytical tests of oil yield, ash yield, calorific value, total sulfur, major elements, trace elements, and X-ray diffraction, the quality, mineral content, occurrence mode of elements, and paleoenvironment of the Zhangjiatan oil shale of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the southern Ordos Basin were studied. The analyses revealed relatively high oil yield (average 6.63%) and medium quality. The mineral content in the oil shale was mainly clay minerals, quartz, feldspar, and pyrite; an illite–smectite mixed layer comprised the major proportion of clay minerals. Compared with marine oil shale in China, the Zhangjiatan oil shale had higher contents of quartz, feldspar, and clay minerals, and lower calcite content. Silica was mainly in quartz and Fe was associated with organic matter, which is different from marine oil shale. The form of calcium varied. Cluster analyses indicated that Fe, Cu, U, V, Zn, As, Cs, Cd, Mo, Ga, Pb, Co, Ni, Cr, Sc, P, and Mn are associated with organic matter while Ca, Na, Sr, Ba, Si, Zr, K, Al, B, Mg, and Ti are mostly terrigenous. Sr/Cu, Ba/Al, V/(V + Ni), U/Th, AU, and δU of oil shale samples suggest the paleoclimate was warm and humid, paleoproductivity of the lake was relatively high during deposition of the shale—which mainly occurred in fresh water—and the paleo-redox condition was dominated by reducing conditions. Fe/Ti ratios of the oil shale samples suggest clear hydrothermal influence in the eastern portion of the study area and less conspicuous hydrothermal influence in the western portion. 相似文献
8.
我国陆相盆地内普遍存在油页岩与煤共生的地质现象。本文以老黑山盆地下白垩统穆棱组油页岩与煤为研究对象,基于工业分析（含油率、灰分、挥发分、全硫和发热量）和有机地球化学分析（有机碳、岩石热解、显微组分和生物标志化合物）,对油页岩与煤含油率的控制因素开展研究。根据含油率等工业品质特征,将研究区油页岩与煤进一步划分为高含油率油页岩（HOS）、低含油率油页岩（LOS）、高含油率煤（HC）和低含油率煤（LC）4种亚类。其中HC的总有机碳质量分数和生烃潜力最高,其次为LC、HOS和LOS,4种亚类的有机质类型以Ⅱ型干酪根为主,均处于未成熟的热演化阶段。沉积环境与有机质来源是控制油页岩与煤含油率的关键因素,HOS主要形成于陆源有机质供给中等的湖沼环境,而HC主要形成于陆源有机质供给丰富的泥炭沼泽环境。油页岩与煤形成时期的高等植物以松科、柏科/杉科、南洋杉科、罗汉松科和蕨类植物为主,这些植物可以提供充足的树脂和蜡质有机质,从而使油页岩与煤具有相对较高的含油率。 相似文献
9.
【研究目的】本文旨在通过对比准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔地区二叠系芦草沟组高品位和低品位油页岩的品质和成因差异,揭示高品位油页岩的特殊成矿条件。【研究方法】对吉木萨尔地区两个剖面采集的露头样品,进行TOC、热解、含油率、微量、稀土元素测试,从而开展高品位和低品位油页岩有机地球化学特征,微量稀土元素特征及成矿条件差异分析。【研究结果】研究区高品位油页岩有机质类型为I型;低品位油页岩有机质类型为I-II1型。高品位和低品位油页岩中B、Ba、Cr、Nb、Sr、V、Zr等微量元素含量差异明显,高品位油页岩中各稀土元素平均含量和各样品稀土元素分布区间都小于低品位油页岩,且外源元素富集程度也相对更低,显示了更少的陆源碎屑输入。微量元素比值显示,研究区油页岩形成于温暖湿润气候,淡水—半咸水,还原环境。高品位油页岩与低品位油页岩相比,形成时水体盐度值更大,有机质生产力更高。【结论】温暖湿润气候背景下,相对较少的陆源碎屑供给,减少了对有机质的稀释和氧化破坏,同时较高的水体盐度值更利于水体分层,从而形成一个长时间的还原环境,再加上更高的有机质生产力,从而形成了高品位油页岩。 相似文献
10.
Geochemistry and origin of rare earth elements (REEs) in the Shengli River oil shale, northern Tibet, China 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Xiugen Fu Jian Wang Yuhong Zeng Fuwen Tan Jianglin He 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2011,(1):21-30
The Shengli River-Changshe Mountain oil shale zone, located in the North Qiangtang depression, northern Tibet plateau, represents a potentially large marine oil shale resource in China. Twenty-eight samples including oil shale, micritic limestone and marl were collected from the Shengli River area to determine the contents and distribution patterns of rare earth elements (REEs) in marine oil shale. Oil shale samples from the Shengli River area have high ash yield (61.86–67.48%) and TOC content (8.02–13.67%) with low total sulfur (St,d) content (0.76–1.39%) and intermediate shale oil content (3.60–16.30%). The total rare earth element (ΣREE) content in oil shale samples is notably depleted (46.79–67.90 μg/g), approximately one third of the mean value of the North American Shale Composite (NASC), and lower than that of world-wide black shales and Chinese coals, but higher than that of world-wide coals and micritic limestone samples (29.21 μg/g) from the Shengli River area. The oil shale samples from the Shengli River area exhibit shale-like Chondrite or NASC-normalized REE patterns similar to those of micritic limestone and marl samples from this area, indicating that REEs of these different lithological samples may have been derived from a similar terrigenous source.REE contents of oil shale samples are highly positive correlated with ash yield and show a positive correlation with Fe and a weakly positive correlation with organic sulfur, and the vertical variations of REEs mainly follow those of Si, Al, K and Ti. All these facts indicate that the REE contents in oil shale seams are mainly controlled by clay minerals and, to a lesser extent, by pyrite, as well as partly associated with oil shale organic constituents. Rare earth elements in the Shengli River oil shale have originated from two sources: a felsic volcanic rock source and a clastic or/and limestone source. 相似文献
11.
研究区内已发现的超大型油页岩矿床位于吉黑地槽褶皱系松辽中断陷的一个三级构造单元--松辽盆地东南隆起内。研究区主要发育白垩纪地层,属于陆源碎屑岩沉积。经钻井岩心观察和采用“费舍尔”方法对含油率测试分析表明,油页岩层主要赋存在早白垩世青山口组和晚白垩世嫩江组。含油页岩层系整体为一套厚层的暗色泥页岩和油页岩组合。井间油页岩层对比和油页岩平面展布特征显示,该区油页岩呈层状、规模大、分布范围广、矿层稳定、连续性好。研究证实矿石含油率与有机质组分及总有机碳关系密切,矿石灰分大,属低品质油页岩矿石。通过对油页岩特征及成矿环境分析,认为矿床成因属于腐泥型页岩-油页岩。 相似文献
12.
Francis P Miknis Daniel A Netzel J.Ward Smith M.Alisa Mast Gary E Maciel 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1982,46(6):977-984
Cross polarization, magic-angle spinning 13C NMR measurements have been made on raw oil shales that represent a variety of geologic ages, origins, depositional environments and source locations. A high degree of correlation was established between the fraction of aliphatic carbon measured by 13C NMR, and the genetic potential, calculated from Fischer assay data. The correlation is independent of the type of kerogen in the raw shale, and its degree of evolution. A short discussion on the validity of various correlations between physical/chemical properties of oil shales and Fischer assay oil yields is given. 相似文献
13.
油页岩地球化学特征及其记录的古湖泊学信息是揭示油页岩成矿富集规律的关键佐证。根据含油率、TOC、岩石热解、元素分析、生物标志化合物检测及有机显微组分分析,精细刻画了松辽盆地北部ZY1井青一段油页岩的地球化学特征,并分析了其记录的古湖泊学信息,探讨了古湖泊对油页岩有机质富集的控制作用。结果表明：青一段发育8层中等偏好品质的油页岩,下部为高品质油页岩富集层段;油页岩的含油率和TOC质量分数相关性极好,处于未熟—低成熟度演化阶段,生烃潜力大;油页岩中含丰富的萜类和甾类化合物,有机质类型主要为Ⅰ型,有机质来源主要为层状藻占优势的湖泊水生生物。地球化学参数指示,青一段下部古湖泊生产力呈现3个低→高的旋回,对应的古湖泊水体盐度呈现为3个半咸水-咸水旋回、古湖泊水体氧化还原性表现为还原-强还原-还原的厌氧环境,其中旋回Ⅱ后期湖泊生产力最高,对应的水体盐度最高、还原性最强。表明湖泊富营养化造成的高湖泊生产力是青一段高品质油页岩有机质富集的物质基础,盐度分层控制下强还原的湖底环境是高品质油页岩有机质富集的良好保存条件。 相似文献
14.
抚顺西舍场油页岩的淋滤行为及其对周围水体的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究抚顺市区南部地表堆积的油页岩中微量元素的淋滤作用对水体的影响,本文分别进行了抚顺西露天矿采场和西舍场油页岩pH为4.0、6.5和8.0的动态淋滤实验,以ICP-MS测试了淋滤液及水体中的微量元素。结果表明,高、低品位油页岩中Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni、Rb、Bi、Ba、Ti、Co、Cr、Cu和Mn等淋出率较高;水体中Pb、Cd、Co、Cr、Ni、Zn、Mn等元素超标,表明抚顺西舍场油页岩的堆积已对周围地表水体和地下水体造成了污染。 相似文献
15.
我国油页岩的成分和品级划分 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
根据我国21个油页岩产地,26个样品的分析数据,讨论了油页岩的含油率、灰分产率,灰分成分和密度等品级的划分,指出我国缺少高含油率页岩,提出中、低含油率油页岩的标准。并认为含油率在3.5~5.0%称含油页岩,含油率低于3.5%不应当作油页岩。油页岩灰分成分大多是硅铝质,因而灰熔点偏高。提出了油页岩灰分成分的分类表。指出我国油页岩的密度高于国外样品,原因是钙质成分含量较低。 相似文献
16.
川东-武陵构造带下古生界发育的两套海相页岩层系(下寒武统牛蹄塘组和上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组)不仅是区域内重要的滑脱层,也是页岩气勘探开发的重点层位。通过野外详细的构造解析及室内显微观察,从宏观露头—显微尺度分析了页岩的变形特征,认为页岩至少存在两期构造变形:早期顺层向北西或南东的逆冲和晚期的切层断层作用。页岩的变形强度随着与断裂带距离的变化而发生改变,远离断裂带的地区页岩变形主要表现为近直立的微裂隙,属脆性域;靠近断裂带,页岩的变形特征逐渐表现为脆-韧性过渡,开始发育糜棱化构造;在断裂带内部,页岩强烈面理化,发育大量的糜棱化构造,属韧性域。通过氩离子抛光和扫描电镜技术,分析了变形页岩内部的孔隙演化特征,认为随着变形作用从脆性—脆-韧性过渡—韧性的转变,页岩内部的孔隙类型不仅可以发生转换,而且页岩内部孔隙的大小、分布特征也随之改变。在此基础上,进一步讨论了中国南方复杂构造区下古生界页岩变形对页岩气保存的影响,认为顺层剪切滑脱作用会改变页岩内部的孔隙体系,有利于页岩气的富集;切层的伸展或走滑剪切作用不仅会破坏先前形成的油气圈闭,而且会导致油气沿着断裂带从高势区向低势区运移,进而造成油气散失。 相似文献
17.
中国中西部前陆盆地的地质特征及油气聚集 总被引：92，自引：1，他引：92
油页岩是一种重要的替代能源资源,中国油页岩主要分布于中国15个省份(区),总查明资源储量329.89亿t,居世界第四位。其中,吉林省、广东省、辽宁省分别为174.27亿t、55.15亿t和45.05亿t,并分别占全国油页岩探明资源储量的52.83%、16.72%和13.65%。中国油页岩具有沉积时代以新生代为主,沉积环境以陆相为主的特征。中国高含油率的油页岩主要分布在新生代小型聚煤断陷盆地,而低含油率油页岩主要分布在晚白垩纪大型含油气坳陷盆地,且资源量巨大。中国小型断陷盆地油页岩,如桦甸油页岩的形成主要受构造、气候作用影响;而大型坳陷盆地,如松辽盆地油页岩的形成与全球缺氧事件有关,而缺氧事件常与海平面变化关系密切。新的评价体系把油页岩边界品位-含油率(ω)定为3.5%,并按不同品级、不同埋藏深度进行油页岩资源系统评价。坚持综合开发和利用,走炼油-化工-发电-多金属提取-建材一条龙联合生产是最佳开发利用途径。中国油页岩工业在中长期内将可实现油页岩工业化,具有广阔前景。 相似文献
18.
M. E. Essington 《Environmental Geology》1989,13(1):59-66
A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the influence of hydration and recarbonation on the solidphase distribution of trace elements in retorted oil shale. The oil shale samples were retorted by the Paraho direct heating process and equilibrated with deionized—distilled water under controlled carbon dioxide conditions. A sequential extraction technique was then used to fractionate trace elements into soluble, KNO3-extractable (easily exchangeable), H2O-extractable (easily adsorbed), NaOh-extractable (organic), EDTA-extractable (carbonate), HNO3-extractable (sulfide), and residual (nonextractable silicate) phases. The chemical fractions present in retorted oil shale and hydrated and recarbonated retorted oil shale were compared to identify trace element mineralogical changes that may occur in retorted oil shale disposal environments.Trace elements examined in this study were found to reside predominantly in the HNO3-extractable and residual fractions. Hydration of retorted oil shale resulted in a shift in the majority of trace elements from residual to extractable forms. Cobalt, nickel, and zinc extractabilities were not significantly influenced by hydration, whereas antimony increased in the residual fraction. Subjecting retorted oil shale to atmospheric (0.033%) and 10% CO2(g) levels over a nine-month equilibration period resulted in partial and full recarbonation, respectively. As the influence of recarbonation increased, trace elements reverted to residual forms. Vanadium, choromium, copper, zinc, antimony, and molybdenum in the 10% CO2(g) recarbonated material were more resistant to sequential extraction than in retorted oil shale, whereas strontium, barium, and manganese were less resistant to sequential extraction. The extractabilities of cobalt, nickel, and lead were not affected by recarbonation. Recarbonation did not result in a predicted increase in EDTA-extractable trace elements. In general, the amounts of trace elements extracted by EDTA (and correlated to carbonate forms) were invariant with respect to equilibrium CO2(g) levels.A significant result of this study was that the mineralogical residencies of trace elements in retorted oil shale were altered in response to conditions that may be present in a disposal environment. Thus, the long-term release of trace elements in retorted oil shale disposal environments may not be adequately predicted by applying the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP). 相似文献
19.
新疆博格达山北麓油页岩成因类型及有利区预测 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
博格达山北麓油页岩资源储量巨大且发现已久,但研究程度较低。油页岩赋存于上二叠统芦草沟组,主要形成于深湖相高水位体系域,属于低含油率高灰分油页岩。根据样品有机元素分析及热解分析数据,采用交汇图解法分析油页岩成因类型主要为腐泥型（Ⅰ型）和腐殖腐泥型（Ⅱ1型）;晚二叠世芦草沟期,三工河地区为该区的沉积中心,油页岩资源量大,含油率高,且开采条件简单,是进一步勘探和开发的最有利地区。 相似文献
20.
我国陆相盆地油页岩矿床特征多样,尚未形成统一的分类体系,本文以典型盆地松辽盆地、抚顺盆地和桦甸盆地、准噶尔盆地以及鄂尔多斯盆地为例,分别开展了离散型大陆裂谷盆地、转换型走滑盆地、汇聚型前陆盆地及板内型克拉通盆地4种类型解剖,总结了各类型盆地油页岩特征及矿床赋存规律。其中：离散型大陆裂谷后热沉降坳陷演化阶段沉积的油页岩具有有机质类型Ⅰ型、含油率中等、厚度中等、分布面积广的特征,易形成特大型油页岩矿床;离散型大陆裂谷同裂谷沉降断陷阶段沉积的油页岩具有有机质类型Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2型、含油率中等、厚度中等、分布面积小的特征,易形成中型油页岩矿床;转换型走滑盆地油页岩具有有机质类型Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2型、矿床赋存特征差异较大的特征,这主要取决于走滑运动断陷的构造沉降量,该类型盆地既发育中等含油率、巨厚的油页岩矿床,也发育高含油率、厚度薄的油页岩矿床,但总体分布范围较小,易形成中小型油页岩矿床;汇聚型前陆盆地陆相磨拉石阶段沉积的油页岩具有有机质类型主要为Ⅰ和Ⅱ1型、含油率较高、厚度大、分布局限、地层产状变化大的特征,易形成大型油页岩矿床;克拉通型盆地陆内坳陷阶段沉积的油页岩具有有机质类型主要为Ⅰ和Ⅱ1型、含油率中等、厚度稳定、分布面积广的特征,易形成特大型油页岩矿床。在所有盆地类型中,半深湖-深湖环境、高水位体系域和水进体系域是油页岩形成的有利场所。 相似文献