共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
利用自行研制的一台用于探测大气成分的太阳红外光谱仪 ,在地面连续自动地记录了晴天的太阳红外光谱。用逐线积分法计算了整层大气的吸收 ,发现在 3.42 8μm波段主要是大气甲烷的吸收 ,从记录的该波段的太阳红外光谱中反演出整层大气中甲烷的总含量 ,经过近一年半的观测 ,得到了合肥地区大气甲烷垂直柱含量的季节变化规律。发现其变化规律与北半球背景对流层空气采样分析法测量的甲烷季节变化规律基本相同。文中详细介绍了测量仪器、测量原理和部分测量结果 ,并对结果进行了简单的讨论。 相似文献
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太阳辐射计探测晴空水汽总量方法研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文给出使用多波长太阳辐射计在0.94 μm水汽弱吸收带测量太阳透射辐射得出大气垂程水汽含量的方法。使用LOWTRAN 7建立仪器0.94 μm的水汽吸收带平均透过率表达式。提出了用两个相邻波长通道的线性近似消除气溶胶和瑞利散射的影响。对太阳辐射计与气象探空仪探测大气垂程水汽量的实验结果做了比较。 相似文献
4.
利用瓦里关大气本底站甲烷观测数据对美国Aqua卫星的AIRS观测结果进行对比分析,并分析研究了2003~2012年青藏高原对流层大气甲烷的时空分布特征,结果表明:1)AIRS观测结果与近地面观测资料变化趋势一致,存在显著的正相关关系,突变时间比较一致,可以用于青藏高原区域的甲烷浓度特征分析。2)青藏高原对流层甲烷浓度在空间分布上存在显著的西北—东南走向的低值带及其南北侧存在4个固定的高值中心,分别位于阿里、那曲、山南和玉树。3)青藏高原甲烷浓度呈现显著随高度而降低的趋势,年平均甲烷浓度分别为1.810ppm(1 ppm=10-6)、1.797 ppm和1.781 ppm。在对流层中层和中上层,甲烷浓度基本呈现低值带最低、南北侧均高的山谷型分布特征。在对流层层顶,以低值带为分界线,呈现明显的南高北低特征。4)青藏高原甲烷浓度随时间呈缓慢上升趋势,平均速度为0.0018 ppm/a,夏季上升最快,秋季上升最慢。5)青藏高原甲烷存在明显的单峰型季节变化特征,夏秋季高,冬春季低,与东部地区冬、夏双峰型特征不同,随着高度上升季节变化更为明显。 相似文献
5.
用非色散红外气体分析仪进行大气CO2本底浓度的测量 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
按WMO关于开展全球CO2监测的要求，在对引进设备进行改进的情况下，建立了我国开展大气CO2本底浓度连续测量的红外气体分析测量系统及有关方法。系统的测量精度优于0.1ppm，完全满足全球本底测量的要求，并具有较好的国际可比性。在此基础上，首次取得了我国大陆上空大气CO2的本底浓度资料。 相似文献
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本文对比了用辐射传输程序DISORT和LOWTRAN计算的3—5 μm波段中2000—2020 cm-1，2300—2320 cm-1及0.55 μm区的18180—18200 cm-1段的地面向下及大气顶部向上漫射通量和光强，从而对LOWTRAN和DISORT两个计算程序的精度进行了分析和考察。 相似文献
7.
大气能见度成为当前区域大气环境研究的重要指标,不同粒径的颗粒物对能见度的影响有着显著的区别。本研究在线连续监测了上海市嘉定区2008年11月—2009年1月不同粒径大气颗粒物质量浓度和粒子数浓度的日变化,同步收集了相同区域空气水平能见度的数据。比较不同粒径大气颗粒物质量浓度与空气水平能见度和颗粒物消光系数的相关性,结果表明：中值粒径为0.4 μm和0.65 μm的大气颗粒物对上海嘉定空气水平能见度的影响最显著;中值粒径为0.17 μm、0.26 μm、0.40 μm和0.65 μm的大气颗粒物对颗粒物的消光系数影响较大。该相关系数的分布趋势与各种组分(SO42-、NO3-、NH4+、OC和EC)的粒径分布十分一致,证明了这五种组分是影响大气颗粒物消光系数的重要原因。 相似文献
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沙尘暴的光学遥感及分析 总被引：49，自引：5，他引：49
本文根据激光雷达和光度计综合探测的结果，结合气象背景资料分析了1988年4月北京地区三次沙尘暴过程气溶胶物理光学特性及其远距离输送时的垂直结构。这三次尘暴主要来源于内蒙的沙漠和黄土地区，根据激光探测消光系数垂直分布资料，在4月11日，沙尘粒子有3个不同的输送带，其中两个输送带的高度处于 2000—3000 m和3000—6000 m，另一个输送带的下边界高度约为200 m，其高度结构密切依赖于风场的垂直结构。根据多波长太阳光度计和半球辐射计的观测结果，尘暴期间大气柱沙尘总光学厚度在0.3至15之间变化，峰值光学厚度比平时偏大约一个数量级，在0.65 μm波长，在4月11日测量的气溶胶一次散射反照率均值为0.85。 相似文献
9.
敦煌地区春季大气气溶胶粒子数浓度的分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用2002年春季在敦煌地区戈壁沙漠和绿洲农田观测的大气气溶胶粒子数浓度资料, 分析了它与沙尘天气的关系、谱分布特征以及两种地表下粒子数浓度的差异.结果表明, 不同天气条件下的大气气溶胶粒子数浓度有着不同的特征.在背景天气下, 敦煌地区的大气气溶胶粒子数浓度通常在104L-1以下, 其中以直径在0.5～1.0 μm之间的极细颗粒为主, 绿洲农田细粒子(直径＜3.0 μm)的数浓度高于戈壁沙漠, 而较粗粒子(直径＞3.0 μm)则相反.当沙尘天气发生时, 该地区的大气气溶胶粒子数浓度增大到105 L-1以上, 直径在1.0～3.0 μm之间的细粒子变为其主要成分, 戈壁沙漠4档的粒子数浓度均高于绿洲农田, 3.0 μm以上的较粗粒子两地的差异更大. 相似文献
10.
北京市区大气中单个硝酸盐粒子的特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文采用试剂薄膜法和Ｘ射线能谱分析了北京市区大气中含硝酸盐的单个气溶胶粒子特征。粒子按粒径分为粗粒子（d＞1 μm）和细粒子（1 μm≥d＞0.1 μm），结果表明:粗粒子和细粒子中都有含硝酸盐的粒子，而且发现了许多纯硝酸盐细粒子。文中对这些粒子的形成机制进行了详细讨论。 相似文献
11.
Carried out are numerical experiments with the IAP RAS global climate model (IAP RAS CM) under new RCP scenarios of anthropogenic impact for the 18th–21st centuries taking account of the response of the methane emission from the soil to the atmosphere and effects of chemical processes in the atmosphere on the climate changes. The model generally simulates the preindustrial and present-day characteristics of the methane cycle. Methane emissions from the soil to the atmosphere (within the range of 150–160 Mt CH4/year for the present-day period) reach 170–230 Mt CH4/year by the late 21st century depending on the scenario of anthropogenic impact. The methane concentration under the most aggressive RCP 8.5 anthropogenic scenario increases up to 3900 ppb by the late 21st century. Under more moderate RCP 4.5 and 6.0 anthropogenic scenarios, it reaches 1850–1980 ppb in the second half of the 21st century and decreases afterwards. Under RCP 2.6 scenario, the methane concentration maximum of 1730 ppb in the atmosphere is reached in the second decade of the 21st century. The taking account of the interaction between the processes in the soils and the climate leads to the additional increase in the methane content in the atmosphere by 10–25% in the 21st century depending on the scenario of anthropogenic impact. The taking account of the methane oxidation in the atmosphere in the case of warming reduces the increase in its concentration by 5–40%. The associated changes in the surface air temperature turn out to be small (less than 0.1 K globally or 4% of the warming expected by the late 21st century). 相似文献
12.
V. A. Poddubny E. S. Nagovitsyna Yu. I. Markelov A. G. Buevich K. L. Antonov E. V. Omel&#;kova I. L. Manzhurov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2020,45(3):193-200
The problem of estimation of average fields of
air pollutant concentration based on local measurement data is stated:
the problem of the passive location of the atmosphere by wind, or the
problem of the fluid location of the atmosphere. The definitions of new
functions are given: the average effective field of concentration and
the average effective field of sources. The system of integral equations
these functions obey is also presented. The results of numerical
estimates of quasi-two-dimensional average fields of methane
concentration in the area of the Barents and Kara seas retrieved from
data on surface concentrations measured on Belyi Island in the summer of
2016 and 2017 are analyzed. A typical feature of the resulting fields is
their mosaic pattern, as well as the higher values of methane
concentration on the continent and in the coastal zone. 相似文献
13.
A. I. Obzhirov N. L. Pestrikova G. I. Mishukova V. F. Mishukov A. K. Okulov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2016,41(3):205-212
The spatial distribution of methane content and methane fluxes in the water in the north-western part of the Sea of Japan, in the Kuril basin of the Sea of Okhotsk, and in the near-Kuril part of the Pacific Ocean is studied using the data of marine research expeditions in 2005, 2010, and 2011. The studies revealed the significant variability of the methane flux depending on the source presence and on the sea surface conditions. The high emission of methane from water to the atmosphere is registered in the areas where its concentration exceeds the equilibrium values with the atmosphere. The use of the model of computation of the fields of currents and contaminant transport for the investigated water area enabled explaining the formation of the high concentration of methane in the center of vortices in the zones of sea water convergence in the water areas under study. 相似文献
14.
Episodic emissions ofmethane with the concentration of4 ppm to the lower atmosphere near the continental slope of the Arctic Ocean are considered. It is revealed that such methane emissions can be associated with the erosion of sediments containing gas hydrates, for example, as a result of the effects of mudflows caused by the instability of slope currents as well as by the geologic activity in the zone of significant depth drops. The high background concentration of methane is registered in the central part of the Arctic Ocean that is probably provoked by biologic activity within sea ice and on its bottom. 相似文献
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Empirical relationships between methane concentration and the rates of its oxidation and emission in the sediment-water-atmosphere system are computed using the experimental data and the data presented in the literature. For the Sea of Azov and the World Ocean the possibility is demonstrated of using the empirically derived formulae to compute the methane cycle elements in aquatic ecosystems. The comparability of methane volumes in the water column and bottom sediments as well as of those oxidized and released from water and sediments computed using these formulae, demonstrates the adequacy of the obtained formulae. It is shown that depending on morphological parameters of reservoirs of aquatic ecosystems and on their volume and area, the ratio of the amounts of methane that is oxidized and released to the atmosphere, changes as well as the rate of its turnover. 相似文献
16.
A. I. Reshetnikov A. V. Zinchenko S. V. Yagovkina I. L. Karol V. E. Lagun N. N. Paramonova 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2009,34(3):171-179
Methane emitted into the atmosphere from sources located in the Urengoi natural gas field is estimated from direct methane concentration measurements in the atmospheric boundary layer and modeling. The results of direct profile measurements in the summer-fall season of 2003 are generalized versus the data from the previous field studies and background monitoring of greenhouse gases in the northern polar region. The use of models for calculating the intensity of emission from sources located in the field area together with a set of methane concentration measurements at three altitudes allowed the authors to develop a method of verification of emission from a specific source, a deposit. The method estimates the emission both from part of the field area and from the whole field with an irregular distribution of the intensity of sources across the deposit area. 相似文献
17.
The methane concentration in the waste water coming to the aeration station is 1130 μl/l on average and it decreases to 11
μl/l after all purification stages. Experimentally measured methane fluxes to the atmosphere from the waste water under purification
and sewage sediments of silt fields varied within 0.2–50.1 and 98.3–188.8 mg/m2 per hour, respectively, and correlated closely enough with the gas content in them. An approximate total methane emission
by the purification plants is about 475 kg per day and the major contribution (83%) belongs to the silt field sediments characterized
by its extremely high content (42.42–199.49 μg/g of the damp sediment). It is demonstrated that the regression equations obtained
by the authors before and approximating the relation of the methane content in the water and bottom deposits of water bodies
with its fluxes to the atmosphere can be used to estimate the methane amount emitted during the waste water purification. 相似文献
18.
Shashi B. Verma Frank G. Ullman David Billesbach Robert J. Clement Joon Kim E. S. Verry 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1992,58(3):289-304
A pilot study to measure methane flux using eddy correlation sensors was conducted in a peatland ecosystem in north central Minnesota. A prototype tunable diode laser spectrometer system was employed to measure the fluctuations in methane concentration.The logarithmic cospectrum of methane concentration and vertical wind velocity fluctuations under moderately unstable conditions had a peak nearf = 0.10 (wheref is the nondimensional frequency) and was quite similar to the cospectra of water vapor and sensible heat. Daytime methane flux during the first two weeks of August ranged from 120 to 270 mg m-2 day-1. The temporal variation in methane fluxes was consistent with changes in peat temperature and water table elevation. Our results compared well with the range of values obtained in previous studies in Minnesota peatlands.These field observations demonstrate the utility of the micrometeorological eddy correlation technique for measuring surface fluxes of methane. The current state-of-the-art in tunable diode laser spectroscopy makes this approach practical for use in key ecosystems.Published as Paper No. 9556, Journal Series, Nebraska Agricultural Research Division. 相似文献
19.
We use recent advances in time series econometrics to estimate the relation among emissions of CO2 and CH4, the concentration of these gases, and global surface temperature. These models are estimated and specified to answer two questions; (1) does human activity affect global surface temperature and; (2) does global surface temperature affect the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide and/or methane. Regression results provide direct evidence for a statistically meaningful relation between radiative forcing and global surface temperature. A simple model based on these results indicates that greenhouse gases and anthropogenic sulfur emissions are largely responsible for the change in temperature over the last 130 years. The regression results also indicate that increases in surface temperature since 1870 have changed the flow of carbon dioxide to and from the atmosphere in a way that increases its atmospheric concentration. Finally, the regression results for methane hint that higher temperatures may increase its atmospheric concentration, but this effect is not estimated precisely. 相似文献
20.
This paper deals with direct calculations of the radiation-equilibrium temperature profile in the Earth’s atmosphere from
experimental spectroscopic data. The calculations are made for its present composition and for the modified ones, when concentration
of a gas, namely, one of carbon dioxide CO2, methane CH4, nitrous oxide N2O or water vapor H2O is changed. Calculations were carried out with one-dimensional (horizontally homogeneous) radiation model proceeding from
the values of absorption coefficients of atmospheric layers estimated from actual data. Calculations are carried out for small
disturbances of the said gases’concentrations. Approximate estimates of large disturbance were made for the cases of total
withdrawal of concrete gas from the atmosphere or, on the contrary, of large increase in its concentration. 相似文献